Classification Of Malocclusion Research Articles

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study.

Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren't many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

A 3D Evaluation of Condyle Position of Skeletal Class I and III Patients: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Technique

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the differences in the condyle position for two skeletal classes using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) reconstructions for both sides and genders.
 Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the CBCT images of 96 patients (20-60 years) were assessed. The participants were divided according to their Angle malocclusion classifications (Angle Classes I and III). The variables of the Anterior-Posterior position of the Condyle (APC), condylar angle in the axial plane (ACA), the Lateral Position of the Condyle in the axial plane (LPC), the Vertical Position of the Condyle (VPC), condylar angle in coronal dimension (CCA), and the difference of APC and VPC on both sides were measured. The measurements were analyzed using a one‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
 Results: The variables of APC, LPC, ACA, VDC, and the difference of the APC on both sides in the two skeletal classes were similar. The VPC and CCA were greater in Class III than in Class I. All variables representing the 3D position of the condyle were similar in men and women, as well as on the right and left in both skeletal classes, I and III.
 Conclusion: Based on the 3D evaluation results of the condylar position, the skeletal classes III and I differed in the VPC and CCA; however, for the rest variables, there were no statistical differences.

Cephalometric Assessment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in a Sample of Kurdish Population in Sulaimani City (Retrospective Study)

Objective: This retrospective comparative cephalometric study aims to identify the cephalometric features of skeletal class IImalocclusion in a sample of the Kurdish population, the result of this study willl be useful in diagnosing and treating orthodontic andjaw surgery.
 Methods: A total of 85 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs with skeletal class II malocclusion (ANB>=4) and 81 withskeletal class I malocclusion (1=<ANB<4) were obtained from the pre-orthodontic patient records in a private orthodontic clinic inSulaimani city. The patients were between 18 and 35 years old. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed digitally usingFACAD cephalometric software. Twenty-two variables were measured from each cephalometric radiograph. The correlation betweenClass I and II was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test.
 Results: The result showed that the values of SNA, ANB, Y-axis, Convexity angle, Gonial angle, Intermaxillary angle, facial angleand FMA, posterior cranial base, effective maxillary length, LAFH were higher in skeletal Class II than in Class I cases, which indicatesthat skeletal class II Kurdish population have more vertical mandibular growth and prognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, andlonger face than class I. Meanwhile, SNB, Mandibular length, TFH, UAFH, Maxillary length, UI-Palatal plane angle, IMPA, andeffective mandibular length values were lower and the difference was statistically significant in the majority of cases.This illustratesthat the incisors are more proclined in class I than skeletal class II, whereas the mandible is shorter in skeletal class II patients. Theseresults summarize the characteristic features of skeletal class II patients in a sample of the Kurdish population in Sulaimani City, whichare caused by etiological factors (genetic, congenital). This information is useful for enabling orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeonsto attain a diagnosis and treatment plan for skeletal class II patients in a shorter period.
 Conclusions: Skeletal class II malocclusion in the Kurdish population is characterized by a prognathic but short maxilla, retrognathic,short, backward, and downward rotated mandible, and a prominent chin.

Comparison between basal arch width in normal occlusions and class Ⅱ malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to investigate the measurements of maxillary and mandibular basal arch width in male and female with normal occlusion, and to compare dental arch width difference between normal occlusion and ClassⅡ malocclusion groups could be helpful in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. MethodsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 133 individuals (76 males and 57 females) with normal occlusion and 64 (25 males and 39 females) with skeletal Class II malocclusions were evaluated. The distances between canines, first molars (basal arch widths: BAW) and second molars were measured from CRs (center of resistance) of the teeth and the projection of first molars on buccal bones (WALA distance) were measured. ResultsThere were significant differences in male and female maxillary and mandibular dental transverse widths. The normal range of the maxilla and mandible basal bone widths differences were −2 mm–2 mm (−0.05 ± 2.17 mm). The normal occlusion and Class Ⅱ groups exhibited significant differences in the width of the intercanine and first molars. Sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA) and Sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB) in the Class Ⅱ male group were positively correlated with the width between the maxillary canines. For individuals with normal occlusions, the width of the mandible at the second molar was greater than that of the maxilla, so more attention should be paid to the width of the second molar when considering clinical treatment. ConclusionMeasuring the width of the maxilla and mandible basal bones from the resistance center of the first molar was a feasible and repeatable method can be used in clinical practice. The data could serve as a reference for orthodontic treatment planning. More consideration should be paid to the horizontal dental problems of the treatment plan for Class Ⅱ patients. And the width of the mandible at the second molar was greater than that of the maxilla, so more attention should be paid during treatment.

Palatal Rugae Pattern in Adolescents of Southeastern Kosovo with Class I, II, III Malocclusions According to Angle’s Classification

Background: Palatal rugae, or plicae palatinae, are uniquely designed structures, well-formed, asymmetric, irregular mucosal folds suited in the anterior part of the hard palate. Palatoscopy, or the analysis of the palatal rugae pattern, is a simple, low-cost, non-invasive, innovative, and highly sensitive technique that can be successfully used in stomatology. This study aimed to analyze the palatal rugae pattern among an adolescent sample of the Albanian population in Kosovo, to determine the most prevalent palatal rugae pattern in both genders in association with Class I, II, and III malocclusions according to Angle’s classification. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 adolescents (50 males and 50 females) aged from 12 to 18 were randomly selected from schools in southeastern Kosovo. All subjects were divided into classes of malocclusion according to Angle’s classification (Class I, Class II, and Class III). The rugae patterns were classified based on shape, unification, and length according to the Thomas and Kotze classification. In the present study, the palatal rugae pattern in Class I, II and III malocclusions show no significant difference between female and male subjects. In Class I malocclusion, the straight pattern was dominant in female subjects, and the wavy pattern was dominant in male subjects. The straight pattern was dominant in males and females with Class II malocclusion. In Class III malocclusion, the wavy pattern was dominant in female subjects, and the curved pattern was dominant in male subjects. The study showed that male subjects were at slightly higher risk for having Class I malocclusion and slightly lower risk for having Class II and Class III malocclusions than female subjects. Conclusion: This study provides essential information regarding the dominant palatal rugae pattern among Albanian adolescents of southeastern Kosovo with Class I, II, and III malocclusions according to Angle’s classification.

Position of the mandibular foramen in relation to the occlusal plane in children with skeletal class malocclusion

Frequently, practitioners use the inferior alveolar nerve block in the procedures desired on the teeth in the mandible and the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to reveal the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) according to the malocclusion types on panoramic radiographs of children aged 9-18 years living with malocclusion in Turkey. Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs of 330 patients between 9 and 18 years old were analyzed retrospectively. We grouped the skeletal malocclusion types as Class 1, 2, and Class 3 based on lateral cephalometric radiographs and evaluated the location of MF in malocclusion types according to age and gender. We observed that the distances to the occlusal plane, posterior edge, and gonion point increased with age while the distance to the anterior edge decreased. There was a significant difference according to age and gender in all malocclusion types (p<0.05). We determined that the MF was positioned upward parallel to the increase in age and approached the midpoint of the ramus of the mandible from the posterior. The fact that MF is placed higher than the occlusal plane in Class 3 malocclusions compared to other types and differs by gender will guide clinicians in providing effective and safe inferior alveolar nerve block in pediatric malocclusions.

Unveiling the Influence of the Curve of Spee on Bite Force and Chewing Ability: A Comparative Study.

To investigate the impact of the curve of Spee (CS) accentuation on bite force, chewing ability, and additionally, other factors that influence chewing ability and bite force such as restorations, caries, gender, habits, and TMJ problems. 231 participants (118 male and 113 female, mean age = ±27.96 years) were recruited for this cross-section study. Participants completed a data collection sheet in which age, gender, Angle's classification of malocclusion, overjet, overbite, TMJ problems, habits, restorations, and caries experience were recorded. Two examiners made a lower impression, chewing ability test and measured the bite force for each participant. Measurement of the CS was obtained digitally from the poured dental cast, and the categorization was as follows: flat (<1 mm), normal (1-2 mm), or deep (>2 mm). The mean maximum bite force (MBF) was 468.722 N for participants with flat CS, 389.822 N for normal CS, 647.08 N for deep CS, and 384.667 N for reverse CS. The average MBF was higher for participants with deep CS (p < 0.05). MBF force was higher in males. However, BMI was not significantly related to MBF values. Participants with normal and flat CS have comparable chewing capacity (p > 0.05). Also, a significant difference in bite force and chewing ability was found between the three categories of CS (p < 0.05). Bite force variations across various CS types were linked to gender and habits. Chewing ability showed no differences concerning gender, habits, TMJ problems, caries, or restorations, emphasizing CS's significant impact on bite force while showcasing the unchanged nature of chewing ability amidst diverse factors.

Relationship between Skeletal Malocclusion and Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in Long Face Patients.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between skeletal malocclusion and radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in long face patients. This cross-sectional study evaluated 174 lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of long face patients between the ages of 17 and 30 presenting at the Orthodontics Department of Qazvin Dental School. The gonial angle, antegonial angle, type of antegonial notch, and depth of antegonial notch were measured bilaterally on panoramic radiographs. The correlation between the radiomorphometric parameters and the type of occlusion was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test (alpha = 0.05). The mean size of gonial angle was significantly different among the three classes of occlusion (p = 0.046), while the difference was not significant regarding the antegonial angle size and antegonial notch depth (p > 0.05). An independent t-test showed that the mean sizes of gonial angle (p = 0.026) and antegonial angle (p = 0.036), and the antegonial notch depth (p = 0.046) in males, were significantly greater than the values in females. According to the Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, the right antegonial notch type was significantly different among the three classes of malocclusion (p = 0.006), while this difference was not significant in the left side (p = 0.318). The right antegonial notch type II was more common in males, while the right antegonial notch type I was more common in females (p = 0.014). According to the results, the indices of gonial angle and type of antegonial notch can be clinically useful for predicting the growth rate of the mandible and designing the appropriate treatment in long face patients.

Relationship Between Occlusal Factors and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) originate from various components within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), causing an impact on the masticatory muscles, the joint itself, and associated structures. They are a widely prevalent issue across the world. According to epidemiological research, up to 50% of adults in the population have TMD-related symptoms. The objective of this work was to analyze the existing scientific literature regarding the association between malocclusion classes, bruxism, and tooth loss in relation to the etiology of TMD. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 analysis protocol. For the development of the question focus, the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) study design protocol was used. The question in focus according to the PICO format was: "Do malocclusion, tooth loss, and bruxism contribute to temporomandibular disorders?". The review was performed with articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases according to the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included articles were not older than five years. The risk of bias was assessed in the included studies by using the Cochrane Risk-of-bias 2 (RoB-2) tool. Out of a total of 32 results received, 21 articles were chosen according to the established criteria after conducting a review and analysis of their full texts. The article search sequence was presented in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram, and the outcomes of the chosen articles were presented. The literature results revealed a relationship between occlusion and the development of TMD. The influence of occlusal factors on the TMJ was explained by an examination of joint anatomy and symptoms related to TMD. This study revealed variations in TMJ factors across different malocclusion classes. Additionally, it was observed that the occurrence and attributes of TMD are influenced by the number of tooth loss quadrants and the frequency of missing teeth. Furthermore, a correlation was found between bruxism and the symptoms of TMD, including myofascial pain, disc displacement, arthralgia, and muscle disorders. This literature review provides comprehensive information on the relationship between malocclusion classes, bruxism, tooth loss, and TMDs. This prompts healthcare professionals to prioritize patients' occlusal assessment and TMJ condition.

Cephalometric Association Between Various Shapes of Soft Palate with Different Growth Pattern and Age Groups in Skeletal Class I, II and III Malocclusion

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to find cephalometric association between various shapes of soft palate with different growth pattern and age groups in skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion METHODOLOGY:The pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 382 patients was collected from the department of Orthodontics, Liaquat College of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Karachi. The study included 96 males and 286 females between the ages of 11 to 30 years. All the patients were divided according to skeletal classification of malocclusion. The type of skeletal malocclusion, growth pattern and the morphological variations of soft palate were assessed. The differences in the proportion of soft palate morphology among skeletal malocclusion and growth pattern were calculated. Variation of the soft palate morphology among the genders and different age groups were also determined. RESULTS: Subjects with Type 1 "leaf-shaped" soft palates were more prevalent (43.2%) whereas, The Type 4 "Straight-line" soft palate was least common (2.9%). Type 1 "leaf-shaped" soft palate was the most common in all skeletal malocclusion classes, growth pattern types and both genders CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant association between soft palate morphology with type of skeletal malocclusion and gender. No significant association found between soft palate morphology and types of growth pattern KEYWORDS: soft palate shapes, growth pattern, age groups, skeletal malocclusion, lateral cephalogram.

Evaluation of Cervical Spine Curvature and its Relation with Cranial Base in Class I, Cleft and Class III Malocclusion Individuals: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Introduction: According to the literature, an existing correlation is said to be present between craniocervical and craniofacial morphology. Recent studies have revealed that there are certain variations among the different forms of craniofacial patterns with respect to the morphology of the vertebrae. Since there are very few studies comparing the curvature of the cervical column in relation to the cranial base in Cleft, Class-I and ClassIII individuals, this study was carried out. Aim: To provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of the curvature of the cervical vertebral column and its relationship with the cranial base in Class-I, cleft, and Class-III individuals within the Central Indian population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M).Wardha, Maharashtra, India, patients with skeletal Class-I, Class-III, and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) or Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (BCLP) in the Central India region were included. The study duration was eight months, from April 2022 to January 2023. The research involves a meticulous examination of 90 individuals, divided into three groups: Class-I individuals (n=30), cleft individuals (n=30), and ClassIII individuals (n=30). A comprehensive set of radiographic and cephalometric measurements will be employed to assess cervical vertebral curvature. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used for analysis. Results: With the exception of Sella-Nasion to Gonion Gnathion (SA-Go-Gn), where the p-value was 0.13, a statistically significant difference between Class-I and Class-III was seen for all angles. For Class-III cases with clefts, every angle revealed a statistically significant difference. Except for SN-Go-Gn (p=0.65), all of the angles revealed a statistically significant difference when compared to Class-I with Cleft, with a p-value &lt;0.05. Conclusion: The modified curvature angle utilised in the present study facilitated the assessment of cervical curvature in Cleft, Class-I, and Class-III malocclusions, revealing differences in skeletal sagittal jaw relations, particularly in their cervical positions, as indicated by the study findings. Participants in skeletal Class-III had significantly straighter cervical columns than participants in skeletal Class-I. A significant difference between the maxillary base, mandibular base, and the midsection of the spinal column was seen between all three groups.

Cephalometric Evaluation of Soft-tissue Profile Changes in Class-II Division 1 Patients with Varied Growth Patterns Treated with all First Premolar Extractions: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Knowledge of the facial skeleton and its overlying soft-tissue is essential in determining facial harmony. Additionally, an individual’s growth pattern may influence posttreatment facial profiles and needs to be considered during treatment planning. Aim: To evaluate the soft-tissue profile changes in treated Class-II malocclusion patients with varied mandibular growth patterns and to compare these changes with patients having a skeletal Class-I relationship and a balanced facial profile. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional cephalometric study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, from June 2021 to December 2022. The study included 210 lateral cephalograms of 120 patients. The cephalograms were divided into four groups based on the Frankfort horizontal Mandibular plane Angle (FMA): Group-1 (control, n=30): skeletal Class-I (FMA=22°-28°); Group-2 (n=30): skeletal Class-II with a horizontal growth pattern (FMA&lt;22°); Group-3 (n=30): skeletal Class-II with an average growth pattern (FMA=22°-28°); and group-4 (n=30): skeletal Class-II with a vertical growth pattern (FMA&gt;28°). All patients in the groups2,3, and 4 were treated with all first premolar extractions using a 0.022˝ McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi (MBT) appliance. The student’s t-test and post-hoc test was used to analyse skeletal, dental and soft-tissue parameters using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 22.00 for Windows; SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Of the total, 120 patients, 52 were males and 68 females with an age range of 18-28 years. On intergroup analysis, significant changes (p-value&lt;0.05) in the Sella, Nasion and A point (SNA) and Sella, Nasion and B point (SNB) angles were observed in group-3. Clinically insignificant changes were found in the A point, Nasion and B point (ANB) angle across all experimental groups. However, a significant change (p-value&lt;0.001) in the post-treatment ANB angle was observed in group-2, followed by group-3 and 4 when compared with group-1. The soft-tissue profile angle showed a significant change in Group-2 when compared with Group-1 (p-value=0.012). Conclusion: The post-treatment soft-tissue profiles of the experimental groups were comparable to the balanced profile of the control group patients.

Prevalence of Ponticulus Posticus among Orthodontic Patients of Iranian Population by Lateral Cephalogram.

The term Ponticulus Posticus (PP) refers to a complete or partial bony bridge on the vertebral artery that passes through the superior-lateral surface of the posterior arch of the atlas. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of ponticulus posticus in orthodontic patients referred to Mashhad Dental School. In this cross-sectional study, one thousand cephalograms were selected from the patients referred to the orthodontics department of Mashhad Dental School between 2017 and 2021. In lateral cephalogram images with appropriate quality, the type of malocclusion was determined using the AudaxCeph software (Audax d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia). Then, the images were evaluated for the presence or absence of PP. For the statistical analysis, chi-square and t-test were used. In this study, 861 lateral digital cephalograms were analyzed. The overall prevalence of PP in the studied population was 17.5%. The prevalence of PP was higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). The variables "presence of PP" (P = 0.056) and "type of PP" (P = 0.522) were found to be independent of age groups. Although class II subjects showed a higher prevalence of PP, skeletal malocclusion classes were not found to be correlated with the presence of PP (P = 0.104) nor with its types (P = 0.958). The current study is considered the primary study that provides data concerning the prevalence of PP in the East of Iran. Our study showed that PP was not rare in this region. More studies with 3D radiological examination are needed to increase the accuracy of diagnosing PP and its prevalence in Iran.

Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)

Aim: The present study aims to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) among patients with orthodontic complaints in terms of malocclusion classification from the aspects of gender and age. Methods: The present study was carried out using face-to-face interviews with 150 patients (73 females and 77 males) aged between 12 and 34 years. Demographic information, including age and gender, was requested from the patients via the questionnaire form. Participants were requested to complete the abbreviated version of the OHIP-14 to assess the OHRQoL. Patients were classified into three groups: Class I (n = 50), II (n = 65), and III (n = 35) by Angle classification. In order to measure the OHRQoL, the patients were asked to answer the Turkish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, and the Student’s t-test. The statistical significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: In OHRQoL, the Class III group was found to have statistically significantly higher values when compared to the Class II and Class I groups (p &lt; 0.05). The mean scores in the psychological discomfort and handicap subscales were found to be statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Malocclusion has a negative effect on OHRQoL. The increasing severity of malocclusion causes lower OHRQoL. How to cite this article: Topal R. Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230354. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230354

Mental Foramen Position, Shape, Continuity, and Symmetry Among Malocclusion Patients: A Radiographic Study.

Many dental treatments need exact knowledge of the anatomical location of the mental foramen (MF). This retrospective research uses orthopantomograph (OPG) to assess the MF of orthodontic patients in Saudi Arabia and their position, symmetry, shape, and connectivity. One hundred and eighty panoramic radiographs of patients having orthodontic treatment were analyzed for the location, form, symmetry, as well as bilateral preservation of the MF. The patients were of varied ages, genders, and degrees of malocclusion and were divided into three classes: Class I (60), Class II (60), and Class III (60). Chi-squared tests and other descriptive statistics were employed to examine the data for statistical significance. When looking at the right side of the mouth, the most frequent location for MF was position 3 (between the apexes of the first and second premolars; 50.6%), whereas on the left side, it was location 4 (near the apical of the second premolar; 47.2%). The most typical form of MF has an irregular shape. MF location on the left side and continuity types differed significantly across malocclusion groups (p<0.05). OPGs of Saudi orthodontic patients demonstrated a significant variability of position and continuity of the MF across different classes of malocclusion. The third most frequent position was between the first and second premolars, while the shape of MF showed variation across the age of the patients. Hence, this precise comprehension of the anatomical and morphological diversity of the MF is of utmost significance for dental professionals.

Comparison of upper and lower lip position, length and thickness in sagittal and vertical malocclusion

This study aimed to compare the upper and lower lips position, length, and thickness in different malocclusions, in randomly selected 180 patients’ pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. The subjects were grouped sagittally by using Steiner’s analysis and Wits appraisal and vertically based on Frankfort horizontal and mandibular plane (FHMP) angle and lower facial height. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the upper and lower lip positions, thickness, and length in sagittal and vertical malocclusion and independent sample T test was applied for comparison between genders among soft tissue variables. Post-hoc Dunnett T3 was performed for comparison of lip variables in adjacent malocclusion groups. The level of significance was not less than or equal to 0.05 The anteroposterior position of the upper and lower lips with respect to E and S planes and upper and lower lip thicknessaried significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in all classes of sagittal malocclusion, ---Continue

Bolton Ratio in Different Groups of Malocclusions in Iraqi Population

It is important clinically to evaluate Bolton ratio and it influences the organizing of orthodontic management. The objective of the present study was to relate anterior and overall Bolton ratios in dissimilar Angle's malocclusion classes of Iraqi sample with Bolton’s standards, and also to find if there is any gender difference. This study involved dental casts from one hundred twenty subjects 14-25 years old divided into three main malocclusion groups Class I, Class II and Class III from Saladin city. Statistically no significant differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios were recorded in malocclusion classes and no significant gender difference in any malocclusion group.

Evaluation of occlusal bite force distribution by T-Scan in orthodontic patients with different occlusal characteristics: a cross sectional-observational study

BackgroundThe aim of orthodontic treatment, apart from esthetic and functional corrections, is uniform force distribution. Hence Occlusal analysis using a T scan gives scope for a precisely targeted treatment plan. The T-scan evaluation of occlusal force, time, and location of contacts from initial occlusal contact to maximum intercuspation enables the orthodontist to sequentially balance the occlusal forces on the right and left sides through specific treatment plan options.ObjectiveThe current study aimed to determine the force distribution in the different individuals by using a T-Scan as well as the net discrepancies of forces generated at a maximum intercuspation position in the first molar region between the left and right sides of the mouth.MethodsThis is a descriptive-correlational study that was carried out in Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences clinics and Ajman University clinics from January 2020 to September 2022 by using the convenience sampling technique. The T-scan III Novus was employed in this investigation to record multi-bite scans for several patients. T-scan was utilised to examine various malocclusions.ResultsThe present study consisted of 158 participants. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between the three types of malocclusions (I, II, and III) on the right molar side (B-16 and B-46) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the overall discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the three types of malocclusion classifications (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between B-26 and B-36 (p > 0.05). Post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of force between malocclusion classes I and III on the right molar, with a mean difference of 4.11190 (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference in B-46 between Malocclusion Classes I and II, 4.01806 (p < 0.05). Additionally, post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference between malocclusion classes I and III, with a mean difference of -4.79841 (p < 0.05) on the right molar.ConclusionThe T-Scan is a useful tool for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be helpful during treatment planning and follow-up, especially for orthognathic surgery patients. A T-scan could be used in orthodontic therapy in a simple and efficient way. Also, it turned out to be a useful tool for diagnosing problems and gave us new information about how therapies work. In this study, T-Scan showed that it can measure occlusal forces in timing in an objective, accurate, and repeated manner. The current study found that T-Scan was better able to report the difference in the percentage of force on the right molar side than on the left side.

A Correlative Study to Assess the Relationship among Ameloglyphics, Cheiloscopy, Rugoscopy in Skeletal and Dental Malocclusions

Introduction: Benefits of preventive and interceptive orthodontic procedures can be availed by early prediction of malocclusion. Early diagnosis is achievable when parameters having similar embryological origin and development period, similar to that of the craniofacial structures are identified and studied. Few such parameters are the enamel rod end patterns, lip prints, and palatal rugae patterns. The intent of this study was to assess the correlation between ameloglyphics, cheiloscopy, rugoscopy and skeletal and dental malocclusions. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study with one hundred subjects were classified into 3 groups based on cephalometric analysis into skeletal class I, class II and class III malocclusion and were further divided into 4 dental malocclusion groups namely class I, class II division 1, class II division 2 and class III based on the Angle's classification of malocclusion. Ameloglyphics patterns, lip prints and palatal rugae patterns were recorded for each subject and statistically analyzed with chi-square test and Spearman correlation test. Result: Class I malocclusion subjects revealed a predominant curve palatal rugae pattern, type II lip print pattern and wavybranched ameloglyphics patterns were observed with statistically significant association. In class II malocclusion, the predominant palatal rugae pattern observed was straight pattern, type I lip print pattern and linear branched ameloglyphics patterns were statistically significant. Subjects in class III malocclusion group were associated significantly with the annular pattern of palatal rugae, type I lip print pattern, and stem pattern of ameloglyphics. Conclusion: A curve rugae pattern in class I malocclusion, a straight pattern in class II malocclusion, and an annular pattern in class III malocclusion were observed. For the Lip Prints, a highly statistically significant association was observed between class I malocclusion and type II lip print pattern. Ameloglyphics, revealed a statistically significant association between wavy branched pattern and class I malocclusion, linear branched pattern and class II malocclusion and stem pattern with class III malocclusion.

Orthognathic surgery to improve malocclusion in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

AbstractMalocclusion is a common finding in both companion animals and humans due to dental or maxillofacial discrepancies. Treatment depends on the complications and the species it presents in. In humans, orthognathic surgery is commonly performed to address skeletal malocclusions. A male chimpanzee born in 2002 and orphaned due to the bush meat pet trade was rescued in 2010 by Chimp Eden, a chimpanzee sanctuary. In 2017, it presented with inappetence and weight loss of 6‐month duration. After a computed tomography scan was performed and full mouth impressions were made, a diagnosis of asymmetry of the mandible with the left side markedly shorter and rotated along its long axis was made (malocclusion class IV in a side‐to‐side direction). A bilateral sagittal split operation was performed to correct the malocclusion and improve its feeding. At the time of writing this report, it was eating freely and no complications were seen on multiple post‐operative radiographs.