Cephalometric Assessment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion in a Sample of Kurdish Population in Sulaimani City (Retrospective Study)

Abstract

Objective: This retrospective comparative cephalometric study aims to identify the cephalometric features of skeletal class IImalocclusion in a sample of the Kurdish population, the result of this study willl be useful in diagnosing and treating orthodontic andjaw surgery.
 Methods: A total of 85 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs with skeletal class II malocclusion (ANB>=4) and 81 withskeletal class I malocclusion (1=<ANB<4) were obtained from the pre-orthodontic patient records in a private orthodontic clinic inSulaimani city. The patients were between 18 and 35 years old. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed digitally usingFACAD cephalometric software. Twenty-two variables were measured from each cephalometric radiograph. The correlation betweenClass I and II was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test.
 Results: The result showed that the values of SNA, ANB, Y-axis, Convexity angle, Gonial angle, Intermaxillary angle, facial angleand FMA, posterior cranial base, effective maxillary length, LAFH were higher in skeletal Class II than in Class I cases, which indicatesthat skeletal class II Kurdish population have more vertical mandibular growth and prognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, andlonger face than class I. Meanwhile, SNB, Mandibular length, TFH, UAFH, Maxillary length, UI-Palatal plane angle, IMPA, andeffective mandibular length values were lower and the difference was statistically significant in the majority of cases.This illustratesthat the incisors are more proclined in class I than skeletal class II, whereas the mandible is shorter in skeletal class II patients. Theseresults summarize the characteristic features of skeletal class II patients in a sample of the Kurdish population in Sulaimani City, whichare caused by etiological factors (genetic, congenital). This information is useful for enabling orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeonsto attain a diagnosis and treatment plan for skeletal class II patients in a shorter period.
 Conclusions: Skeletal class II malocclusion in the Kurdish population is characterized by a prognathic but short maxilla, retrognathic,short, backward, and downward rotated mandible, and a prominent chin.