Classical Music Research Articles

Communities in Western Classical Plague Literature

The portrayal of communities in plague literature has become a focal point of post-pandemic literary studies. The Decameron, A Journal of the Plague Year, and The Plague are seminal Western plague literary works set against the backdrop of plagues in the 14th, 17th, and 20th centuries, respectively, each reflecting different paradigms of community shaped by their respective eras. During the Renaissance, humanism was prevalent, which influenced Boccaccio's The Decameron to depict communities grounded in a sense of human compassion. In the 17th century, with the rapid development of capitalism in England, Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year portrays the impact of capitalist expansion on various communities during the Great Plague of London. The devastation of World War II brought significant upheaval to humanity, and the absurdity of modern society presented both challenges and opportunities for the communities in Camus' The Plague. These communities not only reflect the diversity of social life in different eras of Western society but also offer insights and lessons for fostering harmony in contemporary human society and building a shared future for humanity on a global scale.

에듀테크를 활용한 자기주도적 음악 창작 영역의 지도 방안 연구

The 2022 revised curriculum was announced to help students develop core competencies required by the future society and grow into leading individuals in line with the changing times. The purpose of this study is to examine the utilization of various Edtech programs and effective teaching methods in the field of Edtech through them. We believe that what students need to live in a rapidly changing future society is self-directedness to make judgments and decisions on their own and the ability to utilize digital media, and we plan to utilize Edtech as a method to develop these abilities. In this study, we analyzed the 2022 revised music curriculum and examined teaching methods in the field of music creation using Edtech. The most noticeable change in the revised music curriculum is the establishment of a creative field, and since there are many ways to apply Edtech to the creative field, we focused on creative activities. By analyzing the revised curriculum, we organized the activity topics of creative classes, explored Edtech that can be utilized in music classes, and then presented learning strategies that can enhance self-directedness. Based on this, a teaching and learning model for the music creation field utilizing Edtech was presented and a teaching and learning guidance plan was proposed accordingly. Edtech can be utilized in various ways in music creation classes and can be said to be an essential element in education for the future. Through this study, it was confirmed that the use of Edtech in music and creation classes can foster learners' self-directed capabilities and digital media utilization capabilities. It is hoped that this study will be helpful to teachers in the field and that follow-up research on this topic will continue.

음악교과 플라스틱 재질의 악기 사용에 대한 초등교사의 인식 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school teachers' perception of plastic musical instruments used in music classes in a situation where the need for carbon neutrality is emerging as part of global efforts to respond to environmental pollution and the climate crisis through education for sustainable development. For this purpose, 111 teachers working in elementary schools were surveyed on their concepts and practice of sustainable development and carbon neutrality, as well as their perception of plastic musical instruments used in music classes. As a result of the analysis, First, 88.2% (98 teachers) of elementary school teachers understood the concepts of sustainable development, climate/ecological environment, and carbon neutrality, and 70.3% (78 teachers) of teachers responded that they reflected related content in class. Additionally, 91.0% (101 teachers) of teachers responded that they were well aware of microplastics, which are becoming a major issue in the environmental field, and that 90.0% (100 teachers) had a high correlation with plastic products. Second, 89.2% (99 teachers) of teachers responded that there were plastic musical instruments at school, and 86.5% (96 teachers) of teachers responded that they had experience using plastic instruments during music classes. Third, recorders, melodeons, and dansowere found to be the most commonly used plastic musical instruments during music classes. Fourth, in response to the use of plastic musical instruments during music classes, 73.0% (81 teachers) of teachers said they were concerned, and 72.0% (80 teachers) of teachers responded that there was a high possibility of inhaling microplastics when holding plastic instruments such as recorders or danso in the mouth. Fifth, the reasons for using a lot of plastic musical instruments were economic feasibility, portability, and ease of storage, and respondents answered that the most necessary things when using instruments made of eco-friendly materials are financial support and the development of eco-friendly instruments. Lastly, the personal opinions of elementary school teachers can be divided into finance, teaching, and research, and there were responses that above all, a change in teachers' perception was needed.

음악과 개념기반 탐구학습 수업모형 개발 및 수업설계 방안 탐색

This study begins with the issue that existing models of concept-based inquiry processes generally fail to capture the distinctive characteristics of music education, which involves creation, practice, immersion, and expression. The aim of this research is to develop a music class model applicable to concept-based inquiry learning. To achieve this, we examined the features of concept-based curricula and the unique characteristics of music education, analyzed existing related instructional models to derive their features, and then developed a seven-stage instructional model. This model, which incorporates feedback from a music education research group and expert reviews, was applied to music classes centered around the concept of "change". The seven stages include: 'Observing', 'Exploring Contextual Information', 'Refining', 'Immersing and Expressing', 'Meaning Constructing', 'Transferring', and 'Reflecting'. The focus on 'Immersing and Expressing', a core characteristic of music education, is central to this model, with the structure allowing for flexible transitions to 'Immersing and Expressing' from other stages as needed. This model is suitable for forming music concepts and transferring them to other musical areas, thus promoting enriched musical experiences and practical applications in life. It is expected that this model will contribute to discussions on various applications of concept-based inquiry learning in music and practical approaches to instructional methods in the future.

중등음악교사의 국악 수업 경험: 서양음악을 전공한 음악교사들의 국악 수업 실천

This study aims to explore the difficulties faced by music teachers with a background in Western music when teaching traditional Korean music (gugak) in schools and to draw educational implications from these findings. The study involved six middle school music teachers who majored in Western music, and data were collected through in-depth interviews and teaching materials provided by the teachers. The research participants' experiences related to Korean traditional music classes were explored by asking open-ended questions about what Korean traditional music classes were and what kind of teachers they wanted to become, and as a result, the experiences and perceptions related to teachers' professional formation were analyzed into five categories, 11 thematic groups, and 55 topics. In order to understand the nature of the difficulties in teaching Korean music, a music teacher who majored in Western music was selected as a case study and analyzed using a qualitative research method, and the results are as follows. First, during their university years before becoming teachers, the study participants who majored in Western music felt a sense of unfamiliarity when they first took a traditional Korean music (gugak) class. Second, the nature of the difficulties in teaching Korean music experienced by the participants in the study was not about knowledge, but about what to teach. Third, the study participants became teachers and worked tirelessly to overcome difficulties and implement good Korean music lessons. Fourth, the study participants' identity as music teachers who teach national music was naturally formed through their Korean music lessons.

LT 협동학습을 적용한 공유 피아노 합주 수업 구조화 및 설계

This study structured instrumental ensemble classes based on LT (Learning Together) cooperative learning to improve collaboration skills in music subjects, and designed music classes using Google Chrome Music Lab's Shared Piano. This lesson design using Shared Piano was structured to emphasize the advantages of cooperation and to maximize the learning effects through instrumental ensemble class, one of the collaborative activities of the music subject by applying cooperative learning model. The design of these classes aims to highlight the advantages of cooperation through instrumental ensembles, one of the collaborative activities of music subjects, to maximize the effectiveness of learning, and to improve the problems of existing ensemble classes through ensemble classes using shared piano. The procedure of the study is as follows. First, based on prior research, the ensemble class applying cooperative learning was analyzed to identify problems and improvements. Second, the instructional procedure of LT cooperative learning was structured according to the instrumental ensemble, and details for each procedure were derived. The derived details were applied to each class procedure so that not only the learning goal but also the effect of cooperative learning could be efficiently drawn. Third, based on the structure of the instrumental ensemble class, the ensemble class instruction plan was designed in a total of three sessions. The structured ensemble class specified the basic principles of cooperative learning to be emphasized for each class so that cooperation could be made more effective. Through the class designed in this study, it will contribute to achieving the educational goal of improving collaboration ability and cultivating digital literacy by enabling effective cooperative learning in ensemble classes. In the future, we hope that there will be a follow-up study on various music activities that can inspire students' collaboration skills in music classes and instrumental ensemble classes using new technology.

음악교육에서의 AI 리터러시 역량 요소 탐색

This study examines the direction of AI literacy education in music education in the context where the concept of AI literacy is being discussed and the necessity of AI education is being emphasized. To this end, the conceptual meaning and competency elements of AI literacy were reviewed through literature analysis on AI literacy, and the AI literacy competency elements required for music education were derived. The AI literacy competencies in music education were proposed as follows: first, expanding musical perspective and insight through understanding AI, second, expressive and communicative ability through AI, third, creative and convergent media utilization through AI learning experience, and fourth, AI ethics competency that can responsibly and ethically utilize AI tools in various music activities. The AI literacy competency elements suggest directions on what content and level should be focused on when including AI in music classes, and the significance of this study can be found in that it provided basic data for understanding the essential 'AI literacy’ technology and its contents required in music education.

Ancient China’s Political Culture in the Classics —On the Base of “Three Appeals” in Western Classical Rhetoric

“Zouyi” is a kind of official document written by court officials and submitted to the emperor in ancient China, which serves the purpose of persuading. Aristotle’s “three appeals”, which consist of ethos, pathos and logos, perform the rhetorical function of persuading. Based on this, some correlation between China’s classics and Western classic thought comes into view. This paper selects three representative Zouyi: “qian chu shi biao”, “zhi an ce” and “jian Tai Zong Shi si shu” and gives primary attention to analyzing the “three appeals” presented in the selected discourses. This analysis will gain a glimpse into the rich political and cultural codes hidden within ancient China’s memorials, the relationship between the emperor and his ministers/officials, and the deep patriotism of the ministers in ancient China.

구글 크롬 뮤직랩을 활용한 초등학교 예비 교원의 AI · 디지털 매체 역량 강화 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to prospective elementary school teachers to strengthen their teaching and digital media utilization capabilities in the field of music creation using AI · digital media, and to help them research on improving the curriculum of pre-service elementary school teachers. Based on this, the 2022 revised music curriculum, and current music textbooks were analyzed and 4 sessions for pre-service elementary school teachers using Google Chrome Music Lab were developed. The significance of this study is that it presented a curriculum plan for pre-service elementary school teachers that focused on Google Chrome Music Lab among various AI · digital media for music education. It is also significant that the 2022 revised music curriculum, current textbooks, and achievement-based music creation were analyzed to consider the connection between digital media and the educational field. To make suggestions through this study, first, it is necessary to discover various cases of music teaching methods using AI · digital media. Second, music creation training using digital media should be actively conducted not only for pre-service teachers but also for teachers. Finally, it is necessary to create an educational environment with digital literacy in accordance with the changing times by sufficiently establishing AI · digital-related equipment in the educational field. It is hoped that this study will help improve elementary school music creation classes and pre-service teacher curriculum using AI · digital media.

중등학교 기악 교육의 내용과 방법, 평가에 관한 실태 분석

This study aims to analyze the current state, perceptions, and demands related to instrumental education in secondary school music classes, which has been receiving increasing emphasis in recent years, in order to identify issues and discuss possible solutions. To achieve this, various literature on the content, methods, and assessment of instrumental education was reviewed. Based on this review, a survey tool was developed to examine the actual state and demands of instrumental education, and a survey was conducted among secondary school music teachers across the nation. Statistical analysis was performed on the responses from 63 participants. The analysis revealed that secondary school music teachers strongly recognized the necessity of instrumental education. As a result, it was found that the majority of class time in music lessons is devoted to instrumental education. Most teachers also perceived a high level of student participation in instrumental lessons and held a very positive view of instrumental education. However, instrumental education was mainly limited to solo instrument instruction, focusing on posture, techniques, and basic performance skills, while instrumental ensemble activities were not well implemented, despite teachers’ high awareness of their importance. The predominant teaching method involved teachers directly demonstrating through performance and using modeling as an instructional approach. However, teachers felt that their own performance skills were inadequate. In terms of assessment, it was found that the evaluation of artistic and creative expression was not being adequately conducted.

An Empirical Study of Integrating Orff-Schulwerk in Music Classes to Improve College Students' Social Competence in the Post Epidemic Era

As the global epidemic eases, college students face increasing Social-Skills problems, especially when Social-Skills are reduced due to prolonged home isolation. This study investigated the effectiveness of Orff-Schulwerk in enhancing the Social-Skills of college students. Taking students of Z College School in Southern China as the research object, the current social status and needs of college students were analyzed through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that Orff-Schulwerk significantly improves students' Social-Skills through its unique collective participation and creative expression, especially in enhancing teamwork, communication skills and self-confidence. This study not only provides new perspectives on the application of music education in higher education, but also provides empirical support on how to promote the development of college students' Social-Skills through art education in the post epidemic era.

PERCEPTIONS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC AND ITS IMPACT IN SCHOOL

This article examines the impact of music-making activities on children's development. It considers the musical perceptions of pupils in mainstream schools and the effect of classical music on their momentary emotional state. It also presents strategic models for integrating classical music samples into the learning process, which are tailored to the age range of students and the music curriculum to serve the music educator.

Raga Bhairavi in virtual reality reduces stress-related psychophysiological markers

The effects of classical music on psychophysiological parameters are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of listening to raga Bhairavi, an Indian Classical Music for six days on anxiety, stress, depression, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Forty-four individuals were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (VR-raga), where they listened to raga Bhairavi via 360° video in a virtual reality environment, or the control group, where there was no exposure to raga Bhairavi for six days. Before allocation, the HRV baselines (relax-baseline and stress-baseline) were recorded on the first day. On the first and sixth days of the intervention, HRV was monitored, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention. After six days, all DASS-21 subscales were significantly reduced in the VR-raga group. A similar trend was observed in the seven HRV parameters evaluated in this study, which demonstrated reduced physiological stress and enhanced autonomic balance following the six-day intervention. The findings collectively indicated the efficacy of the VR-based raga Bhairavi intervention in reducing psychological stress markers and highlighted the potential applications of utilizing the VR-based raga intervention for improving mental well-being in the real-world context.

Reducing Depression with Classical Music Therapy in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Background: Chronic Kidney Failure problems during hemodialysis may include depression. Depression refers to the mental, thought, feeling, and behavioral problems of patients. The causes of depression include genetics, physical disease, lifestyle, and drugs. One of the therapies to relieve depression is music therapy. This research determines the influence of music therapy to relieve the depression levels of chronic kidney failure patients with hemodialysis. The applied method was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design and one group pretest-posttest. The samples consisted of 45 respondents taken by accidental sampling. The applied instruments were BDI and the music therapy SOP. All instruments were examined in terms of validity, reliability, and expert judgment. The statistic test applied a non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The results showed the influence of classical music therapy and the relieved depression levels of chronic kidney failure patients with hemodialysis. The obtained p-value is 0.000, lower than 0.05. The researcher concluded the implementation of classical music was effective to relieve the depression symptoms of chronic kidney failure patients with hemodialysis. The researcher suggests developing a combined classical music therapy to relieve depression in chronic kidney failure patients. The researcher suggests the implementation of intervention and control groups to compare the significance of the results

The Impact of Contextual Teaching Method on Sichuan Folk Song Education and Students’ Musical Expressiveness

This study explores the application of the contextual teaching method in Sichuan folk song education and its impact on students’ musical expressiveness. By incorporating contextual teaching methods in music classes, this research investigates the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing students’ understanding of Sichuan folk songs and improving their musical expressiveness and emotional expression. A mixed-method research approach is employed, utilizing classroom observations, questionnaires, interviews, and statistical analysis to assess the practical outcomes of contextual teaching in folk song education.

A Study of Middle School Music Teacher's Perception on the Use of Media in Music Classes

A Study of Middle School Music Teacher's Perception on the Use of Media in Music Classes

An investigation of Korean music teachers’ perceptions of technology in music classes

This study explored Korean music teachers’ use of technology and views on integrating technology into music classrooms. Using a mixed methods approach, the researchers administered a survey to 105 music teachers and conducted semi-structured interviews with five music teachers. The results showed that about one-fourth of survey respondents indicated that they rarely incorporate music technology when teaching singing and playing, and generally, music teachers reported that they use music technology infrequently for main class activities. In addition, these Korean music teachers demonstrated limited knowledge of fourth industrial revolution smart technologies, despite viewing AI and the metaverse as potentially helpful for music teaching. Notably, this study found that music teachers consider it necessary to utilize music technologies that enable them to broaden the scope of music curricula.

Diversified Teaching Practice of High School Music Appreciation Course under the Background of Core Literacy

In order to deeply implement the requirements of the new curriculum standards and cultivate the core competencies of high school students in music, this article is based on the background of core competencies and explores the practical path of diversified teaching in high school music appreciation classes. The application of diversified teaching methods is conducive to improving the effectiveness of cultivating students core competencies in high school music appreciation courses. By adopting different teaching strategies, the teaching content of music appreciation courses can be further enriched, which is conducive to meeting the learning needs of different students.

Folk games as a tool of formation of artistic and creative competence of primary school children in music classes

The article describes the features of acquiring artistic and creative competence, as a child's elementary awareness of the specifics of art forms (artistic and productive, musical, theatrical); valuable attitude to art and artistic activity, the desire to perceive folklore art. Folkloric forms of the heritage of Ukrainian culture are considered. Teaching and methodical material and practical recommendations are offered, which in music classes will be useful both to experienced teachers of preschool institutions and to those workers who are starting to work with the smallest brains. Normative documents in the field of preschool education were studied and play competence was considered as a child's ability to free, emotionally saturated, spontaneous activity on his/her own initiative, in which the possibility of applying existing and assimilating new knowledge and personal development is realized due to the child's desire to participate in the life of adults through the realization of interests in game and role-playing actions in a generalized form. The necessity of using folk games for the formation of artistic and creative competence in preschool children is substantiated. Peculiarities of knowledge of the surrounding world of preschool children and themselves in it are determined. The work proposes to create a basis for the natural formation and development of musical abilities in preschoolers through a folk game by encouraging children to play folk games. It has been emphasized that raising children is based on love and respect for Ukrainian musical folklore. The secrets of conducting music classes using folk games and working with preschoolers are recommended to teachers of primary schools, music teachers, teachers of children's vocal ensembles of extracurricular and club institutions, scientists, graduate students, students of pedagogical and art educational institutions, parents and the general public

Music Education Resource Materials in Relation to Quality of Teaching in Changsha County, China

The study conducted in-depth research and statistics on the music education resources and teaching quality of Changsha County, the participants of the study Were junior students from the Music School of Changsha Normal College. To understand their current assessment of the music education resources and music teaching quality in Changsha County. The results show that: The survey of student respondents showed a nearly balanced gender distribution (53.2% male, 46.8% female) and primarily included students over 20 years old, indicating a mature student demographic. Respondents generally affirmed the professional level and teaching quality of music teachers but highlighted deficiencies in resource allocation and extracurricular community support. Sex and age differences in evaluating resource adequacy, teacher quality, and community support were not significant, indicating consistent perceptions across these demographics. High-quality resource materials in music classes were strongly correlated with positive teacher attributes, such as enthusiasm, interaction skills, and organizational ability, suggesting that well-resourced classrooms enhance teacher effectiveness and student engagement.