Classical Ayurvedic Formulation Research Articles

Quantitative Estimation of Secondary Metabolites of Shadanga Paniya Classical Ayurvedic Formulation and Constituent Herbs

Abstract Background: In the present scenario, ayurvedic drugs and their formulations need standardization to understand their pharmacokinetics and to prevent any safety issues. Shadanga Paniya (SP) is a classical ayurvedic formulation composed of six herbs and most of the constituent herbs have been shown the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and total phenolic contents (TPC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary qualitative estimations of alkaloids, flavonoids, and TPC in SP formulation and its constituent herbs were done using Dragendroff’s method, sodium hydroxide solution, and ferric chloride solution. The quantitative estimations were done using bromocresol green, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent method. Statistical Analysis Used: All the qualitative and quantitative analyses were replicated in three independent assays, and the results were reported as a mean ± standard deviation. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that constituent herbs of SP formulation have the presence of flavonoids and total phenolic acid, whereas alkaloid was only found in Vetiveria zizanioides herb. The quantitative estimation of alkaloids, total flavonoids, and total phenolic acid contents of SP formulation was found as 86.105 ± 6.4 mgAE/g, 87.8 ± 4.0 mgRE/g, and 105.8 ± 3.8 mgGAE/g, respectively. This is the first report on the phytochemical estimation of SP formulation.

Antimicrobial evaluation of Pathyashadangam kwath, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Pathyashadangam kwath, a polyherbal formulation prepared from pathya, aksa, dhatri, bhunimba, nisa, nimba and amrita has been prescribed by Ayurveda physicians from time immemorial for the treatment of multitude of diseases including upper respiratory tract infections. A number of secondary metabolites isolated from ingredients of the kwath have been reported to have antimicrobial properties. But no reports on antimicrobial evaluation of the formulation is available as on date. Hence an effort has been made to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Pathyashadangam kwath against specific microbes.Three batches of Pathyashadangam kwath were prepared, following the standard procedures described in the kwatha vidhi of Sarngadhara Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text. Pure cultures of Gram-positive bacteria namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gram - negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica typhimurium and fungal strain Candida albicans were procured from MTCC Chandigarh. Antimicrobial evaluation of the formulation was done by agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration by Resazurin based micro titer dilution assay.Antimicrobial assays revealed that the kwath has substantial antimicrobial potential against all the three Gram positive bacteria and yeast strain, Candida albicans and moderate activity against Gram negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica typhimurium were found to be resistant to the tested dose of kwath. Resazurin based microtitre dilution assay revealed that low concentrations of Pathyashadangam kwath could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, but higher concentrations were required to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria.From the study it was concluded that Pathyashadangam kwath has significant antimicrobial potential which contributes to its therapeutic efficacy.

A Phytochemical study of Bodhivriksha Twaka

Abstract: Bodhivriksha is an important drug described in detail in Ayurvedic classical texts. Ashwatha, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is used for the treatment of Rakatpitta Vikaras, Neelameha, Kaphavikaras, Vatrakta and Yoni Doshas. Ashwatha is used in the form of both single drug and compound formulations. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroid, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening of extracts of Twaka of Bodhivriksha. Study has been shown that this medicinal plant can be used as pharmaceutical adjuvants in the formulation of various dosage forms.

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Vaishvanara Churna - A classical Ayurvedic Formulation

Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of the Vaishvanara Churna, a polyherbal formulation by using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. The study was supported by the study of the content of heavy metals in the ayurvedic formulation. Background: Vaishvanara Churna is a classical ayurvedic formulation that is used for treating conditions, such as flatulence with gurgling sound (Adhmana), abdominal lump (Gulma); Duodenal ulcer (Parinamasula), Rheumatism (Amavata); heart disease (Hrdroga). Objective: The objective is to study the genotoxicity of Vaishvanara Churna on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells using alkaline Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis and correlate the possible association of genotoxicity to the number of heavy metals present in the polyherbal formulation. Methodology: The Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis was used to see the effects on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells using 2% Hydrogen Peroxide as a standard oxidizing agent. Observation: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, isolated from a fresh human blood sample, were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of Vaishvanara Churna (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/ml of aqueous extract) using a standard protocol. It was found that none of the assessed concentrations of the ayurvedic formulation was toxic to Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Conclusion: Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis is a simple technique to evaluate the genotoxicity of any drug to Human Beings, and it can be used as an alternative to animal genotoxicity studies.

Phytochemical cocktail of Asanadi ganaextract in the management of diabetes.

It is of interest to investigate that the phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant potential and glycosidase inhibitory potential of Asanadi ganaa polyherbal formulation. Asanadi ganais a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, markedly used for alleviation of Prameha and Medodosha, which correlates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (madhumeha). The phytochemical constituents, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and free radical scavenging activity of the polyherbal formulation extracts were determined. Comparing it to the common medication Acarbose, its inhibitory impact against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase was also examined. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as terpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, saponins, alkaloids and Glycosides. The ethanol extract had high phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas the aqueous extract had more tannin content (181 ± 5.5µg/mg), (132 ± 5.50 µg/mg), (22± 1.6 µg/mg respectively. we conclude that the extracts of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, particularly ethanol extract are a potential source of natural antioxidants and remarkable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Hence, Asanadi ganahas the potential to be a safe and effective natural treatment for the delay or prevention of diabetic complications.

Development of quality control parameters for classical ayurvedic formulation: Vyoshadi Churna

Introduction: Ayurvedic formulations have a long history of use and have increased amazingly to follow the global interest in natural products. However, for many classical ayurvedic formulations, no quality parameters of standardization are available. Vyoshadi Churna, a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation that cures indigestion and diarrhea, is being used since ancient times. However, there is no standard method available for its formulation and evaluation. Hence, the current study aims to develop the quality standards for Vyoshadi churna. Methods: The standard procedures for preparation and standardization of Churna described in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) were used in the present study. Standardization includes pharmacognostical, chromatographic, and physico-chemical studies. The other essential studies were also done in accordance to API and World Health Organization guidelines to find the limits of microbial load, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and pesticide residue using modern analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MS) and inductively coupled plasma-MS/MS. Results: Vyoshadi Churna is of brown color and bitter in taste. Pharmacognostical studies have shown the characteristic features of almost each contributory crude drug. A unique chemical profile was also developed using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (4:4:1:0.5) as the mobile phase to resolve maximum components. Furthermore, the standardized limits for the physicochemical studies, microbial load, heavy metals, aflatoxins, and pesticide residues were established and found in limits. Conclusion: This is for the first time when the standard operating procedure of Vyoshadi Churna was developed. Hence, the current technical work would be practically helpful for the future preparation and standardization study of Vyoshadi Churna.

A systematic review of the pharmacological effects of Guda Shunthyadi syrup and Siddha Eranda Til Taila Matra Basti

Abstract Guda Shunthyadi syrup is a classical Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Bhavprakash for the management of Vibandha (constipation). This syrup consists of Guda (Jaggery), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale), Haritiki (Terminalia chebula), Dadima (Punica granatum), and Pippali (Piper longum). In contrast, Siddha Eranda Til Taila Matra Basti is described in Ashtanga Hridya by Acharya Vagbhatta for the management of Vibandha. The components for the basti are Dashmoola, Devdaru (Cedrus deodara), Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica), Eranda Taila (Ricinus communis), and Til Taila (Sesamum indicum). Our objective is to study the pharmacological evidences of Guda Shunthyadi syrup and Siddha Eranda Til Taila Matra Basti with their components. Research literature published in online journals of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, DHARA, and Ayush Research Portal was searched extensively. The keywords used were pharmacological evidence or study of Guda Shunthyadi syrup, Guda (Jaggery), Shunthi (Z. officinale), Haritiki (T. chebula), Dadima (P. granatum), Pippali (P. longum), Dashmoola, Devdaru (C. deodara), Amalaki (P. emblica), and Eranda Taila (R. communis). Journals published online in last 20 years were considered. Ayurveda classical texts were also referred. As per the observations, the components of Guda Shunthyadi syrup and Siddha Eranda Til Taila Matra Basti show the several properties such as as anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, laxative. anti-amoebic, antimicrobial, immunomodulator, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antitoxic, digestive, general tonic, antacid, and brain tonic. But, majorly, both of these drugs have their therapeutic results on Vibandha (constipation). The drug, Guda Shunthyadi syrup and Siddha Eranda Til Taila Matra Basti, has promising therapeutic potential. It can be used as a Rasayana drug, an anti-infective agent, and drug for Vibandha (constipation). The same needs to be further validated with larger, multicentric, standard controlled, and randomized clinical trials.

Critical Analysis of Kanaka Taila in Vyanga

A blemish free, even-toned skin is typically linked with healthy skin. Vyanga is one of diseases of skin that reduces the aesthetic worth of face to an extent. It is characterized by the presence of Niruja (painless), Tanu (light) and Shyava varna mandala (bluish black patches) on face. Although it is not a serious illness but it causes skin discoloration which stays on the face for a long time. In the era of competition, appearance of an individual gives self-confidence and linked with social status. On the contrary, Vyanga impact on individual’s psychological state and social relationship. The disease Vyanga can be correlated with hyperpigmentation with special reference to Melasma. Topical application is additional useful in Twaka Roga (skin disorder) as it directly acts on lesion and simple to use. Kanaka Taila is a classical ayurvedic skin oil formulation described in Chakradatta in the chapter named “Kshudra Roga” indicated in Abhiru, Nilika & Vyanga. It is useful in the treatment of oral diseases and to relieve skin scars and hyperpigmentation on the face. It also has mukhakantikar effect. This article reviews properties of various ingredients of Kanaka Taila which could help address Vyanga and its probable mode of action based on ayurvedic literature.

Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and protective evaluation of Musalyadi churna by chromosomal aberration assay in Swiss albino mice

Ayurveda is an ancient science of life that uses a wide range of formulations or herbal compounds to treat various diseases. Each drug must be scientifically, pre-clinically, and clinically evaluated in order to gain global acceptance. As part of the safety evaluation process, regulatory authorities around the world require data on new drug genotoxic potential.MusalyadiChurna(MSDC) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation in herbal powder dosage form consisting of eight ingredients of herbal origin and indicatedin the treatment infertility. This herbal combination may be useful, however mixture of substances can be dangerous and genotoxic, causing harm to living cells' genetic material and resulting in mutations that induce serious issues for the host, such as cancer and birth defects; consequently, genotoxicity testing is essential.The study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic and protective properties of MusalyadiChurnaagainst the bone marrow of albino mice. MusalyadiChurna's genotoxicity were assessed using the "Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration assay," and the classical powder's antigenotoxic and protective activities against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in mice were also assessed using the same assay.Mice were administered MusalyadiChurna orally for four weeks at a dose of 25 mg/25 g mouse. Cyclophosphamide was utilized as a mutagen, and a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 24 hours after the final dose of MusalyadiChurna in the pre-treatment regimen and 24 hours before the first dose of MusalyadiChurna in the post-treatment regimen.The chromosomal aberration assay revealed that the herbal compound formulation MusalyadiChurnaat 1000 mg/Kg body wt. had no genotoxic activity against the bone marrow of Swiss albino mice. Using the same experiment, the formulation demonstrated both protective and antigenotoxic properties against Cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenicity in mice.Further research should be to capitalize on MusalyadiChurna’s potential as an alternative source of natural compounds to treat genotoxic problems.

JATYADI GHRITA IN POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

Post-operative pain is an anticipated, unavoidable physiological pain which is caused due to tissue trauma. Uncontrolled pain may cause restlessness and thereby delay in wound healing. There are many modes of treating the local pain by lignocaine jelly 2%, glycerine packing, diclofenac suppository which may reduce the pain but they are associated with their own drawbacks. Lack of use of effective analgesics in Ayurvedic medicines is the greatest disadvantage. This is one amongst the various causes of downfall of ayurvedic surgery. Hence there is constant quest for an ideal Ayurvedic analgesic therapy. Jatyadi ghrita is one of the well-known and highly effective classical Ayurvedic formulation indicated in the treatment of various ulcers. Along with it has vrana shodana and ropana properties it also contains drugs which are having shoolahara and vatashamana properties. Hence an attempt is made to explore the utility and scope of Jatyadi ghrita in pain management.

Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activities of the Ayurvedic Formulation Udumbara Ghanasatwa

Udumbara Ghanasatwa is a classical Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for the treatment of gastritis, indigestion and diarrhoea without any scientific validation of its pharmacological action. The present study investigated the antiulcer activity of Udumbara Ghanasatwa at two graded doses by pylorus ligation model in rats. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was also evaluated in terms of the defecation amount/frequency as well as intestinal fluid enteropooling in castor oil induced diarrhoea. The Ghanasatwa exerted significant protective effects in both pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer and castor oil induced diarrhoeal models in a dose-dependent manner. Findings obtained in the study justified the clinical applications of Udumbara Ghanasatwa in the treatment of gastric ulcers and diarrhoea. These pharmacological effects exerted by Ghanasatwa may be attributed to the antioxidant phytoconstituents like flavonoids and tannins present in it.

Pharmacological Intervention of Classical Ayurvedic Formulation Chaturbeeja churnam-A Narrative Review Based on Guna Concept

Pharmacological Intervention of Classical Ayurvedic Formulation Chaturbeeja churnam-A Narrative Review Based on Guna Concept

Prophylactic efficacy of bioactive compounds identified from GC-MS analysis of Balarista formulation on adjuvant induced arthritic rats by inhibiting COX-2 inhibitor

Balarista, a classical ayurvedic formulation, is traditionally claimed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The drawback behind this fermented product remains lack of its proper documentation and validation. In the present investigation, therefore, an in-house Balarista (IBF) formulation was prepared by using standard raw materials as mentioned in API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India). As the preclinical scientific data regarding its molecular mechanism of action were not evaluated, so the present work was undertaken to investigate its anti-arthritic potential using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rat model and was compared with the marketed (AVS, BD, DB, RN) formulations. Rats were immunized by injecting CFA of 0.1 ml into the sub-plantar surface of right posterior paw. Animals were treated with formulation (2.31 ml/kg) and indomethacin (1 mg/kg) for 28 days and were sacrificed on 29th day. The hematological and biochemical parameters were studied. The histology and x-ray analysis were performed on proximal interphalangeal joints of the experimental rats. The molecular docking of the constituents identified from GC-MS analysis of IBF formulation was carried out with COX-2 receptor to find out the interaction using celecoxib as standard. The quantification of vasicine and total withanolides was performed by HPLC analysis for their standardization. A significant decrease in paw diameter, arthritic index and histological score was noticed in formulation treated groups. The decrease in body weight and alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters were also significantly checked by the IBF and marketed formulation in contrast to CFA treated groups. Remarkable reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were noticed in all the formulation treated rats. The histological study revealed decrease in synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and cartilage and bone erosion. The X-ray analysis showed decrease in soft tissue swelling, bone resorption and osteophyte formation upon the treatment with formulations. Based on docking score the components, 8-Azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione (-7.5); (3aS,7aR)-5,6,7a-trimethyl-4,7-dihydro-3aH-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione (-7.5); 2,6-Ditert-butylphenol (-7.2) exhibited significant binding affinity. The prophylactic activity of the formulation could be due to the synergistic effects produced by the phyto-constituents identified by GC-MS analysis. Moreover, the anti-arthritic activity of the IBF was attributed by the predominance of withaferin A.

Quality assessment of Kajjali yoga: A classical Ayurvedic formulation

Quality assessment of Kajjali yoga: A classical Ayurvedic formulation

Development and evaluation of aphrodisiac potential of a classical ayurvedic formulation, ‘Kaamdev ghrita’ in rat model

BackgroundGhee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat and processing of ghee with therapeutic herbs i.e. ghrita is renowned for augmenting their medicinal properties. Kaamdev ghrita (also known as ‘VajikaranaRasayana’) is cow ghee based classical Ayurvedic formulation from the aphrodisiac category, which is used to ameliorate and potentiate sexual performance and also in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, infertility, and premature ejaculation. ObjectivePresent research work deals with the organoleptic, physicochemical, and biological assessment of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac activity using in-vivo animal models. Material and methodsKaamdev ghrita was prepared using Indian cow’s ghee as per standard Ayurvedic classical texts and subjected to organoleptic (color, odor, taste, texture, touch), physicochemical (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, extractive values, refractive index, and specific gravity) analyses as per the standard pharmacopeial procedures. The aphrodisiac potential of ghrita in rat model was evaluated by monitoring sexual behavioral performance using different parameters (mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming and sniffing) at the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. ResultsThe physicochemical evaluation of Kaamdev ghrita showed higher acid value, iodine value, refractive index, and specific gravity whereas the lower saponification and peroxide value than the plain ghee. Kaamdev ghrita revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and showed remarkable antioxidant activity by in-vitro assays. It augmented the sexual performance in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by significant improvement (P < 0.05) in mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming, and sniffing as compared to plain ghee treated control group. The present investigation has corroborated the ethnopharmacological claim of Kaamdevghrita for its aphrodisiac potential. ConclusionKaamdev ghrita exhibited aphrodisiac activity which may be attributed to the presence of antioxidant herbs present in it. It is the first scientific report on validation of the traditional claim of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac potential.

Pharmaceutical evaluation of Haridra Khanda tablet

Haridra Khanda is unique classical formulation indicated in Udarda, Shitapitta, Kotha. (Urticarial rashes) Khanda or Granules are a comparatively unusual means of administering drugs that possess an unpleasant taste. Haridra Khanda is classical Ayurvedic medicine and available market. Keeping the issue of palatability and invention of patient friendly dosage form in mind, the efforts was made for preparation of tablet out of classical Ayurvedic formulation - Haridra Khanda. The preparation of Haridra Khanda granules were made by standard operative procedure.Binding agents were added to Haridra Khanda . Haridra Khanda was added to mass mixer to ensure homogeneity and easy mixing of all binding agents. And later this mixture was subjected to single punch tablet machine for preparation of 1000 mg tablet. All the Analytical parameters were passed by the Haridra Khanda tablets. Physician can prescribed the tablets to the patients which feel the powdered dosage uncomfortable. Depending on the Roga and Rogibala, tablets of various sizes can be punched and used clinically. This can work more efficiently in pediatric practice.

Anti-pathogenic potential of a classical ayurvedic Triphala formulation.

A classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation namely Triphala was assessed for its anti-pathogenic potential against five different pathogenic bacteria. Virulence of four of them towards the model host Caenorhabditis elegans was attenuated (by 18-45%) owing to pre-treatment with Triphala Formulation (TF) (≤20 µg/ml). TF could also exert significant therapeutic effect on worms already infected with Chromobacterium violaceum (MTCC 2656), Serratia marcescens (MTCC 97) or Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 737). Prophylactic use of TF allowed worms to score 14-41% better survival in face of subsequent pathogen challenge. Repeated exposure to this formulation induced resistance in S. marcescens, but not in P. aeruginosa. It also exerted a post-extract effect (PEE) on three of the test pathogens. TF was able to modulate production of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated pigments in three of the multidrug-resistant gram-negative test bacteria. Haemolytic activity of S. aureus was heavily inhibited under the influence of this formulation. P. aeruginosa's lysozyme-susceptibility was found to increase by ~25-43% upon TF-pretreatment. These results validate therapeutic potential of one of the most widely used polyherbal ayurvedic formulations called Triphala.

AYURVEDA AS A CO-THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OLIGOASTROCYTOMA: A CASE STUDY

Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a diffusely infiltrating malignant, astrocytic, primary brain tumour with a peak incidence between 40 to 50 years of age is a leading cause of cancer death. Though cancer chemotherapy is highly effective in many cancers, but side-effects of chemotherapy are severe in many patients like myelosuppression, anorexia, weight loss, mucositis, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. It appears that side effects of chemotherapy are manifestations of aggravated Tridosha as Raktadushti (vitiated blood). Therefore, present case study was undertaken to find effectiveness of Ayurvedic medication as an adjuvant or co-therapy in the management of oligoastrocytoma as well as in minimizing the side effect of chemo-radiotherapy. A female patient of age 40 years with brain cancer (clinically diagnosed case of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma grade 3rd) undergoing oral chemotherapy by irnocam 150 mg, avastin 400mg for 6 cycle and radiotherapy was taken. Patient was given classical Ayurvedic formulation of Rasa sindur 50mg+ Abhrakbhasma 250mg+ Vachachurna 500mg+ Panchamritalauha guggulu 250mg BD with honey, Shatavarighrita 5gm BD with milk, Jyotishmatitaila 5 drops BD with Bataasha and cap SNEC30 (liquid curcumin capsules). After the completion of 6th cycle there were very encouraging results observed with negligible side effects, improvement in all chief complaints, general health condition and quality of life of the patient. Ayurvedic medication appears to have significant effect on reducing side effect of chemo-radiotherapy and improving quality of life in the patient of brain cancer (oligoastrocytoma).

In Vitro Evaluation For Antibacterial Activity Of Dadimashtaka Choorna, An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Powder Formulation, Against Selective Bacterial Strains

Dadimashtaka choorna is one of the classical ayurvedic polyherbal powder formulation explained in the context of Atisara chikitsa (treatment of gastrointestinal conditions such as diarrhoea), in the text of Astangahridaya. The formulation is mainly indicated for digestive disorders. Even though many researches have brought out the anti-bacterial activity of each component of the formulation, no studies were done to identify the activity of the compound formulation on any specific bacterial strains. Therefore, an attempt was made to accurately understand the action of the preparation against certain selected strains of bacterias. The formulation was prepared according to the classical method of preparation for choorna kalpana. As per the standard norms mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, the concentrated extract of the medicament was prepared. The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of concentrated extract of Dadimashtaka choorna against selected microorganisms namely, Salmonella typhi (gram -ve), Escherichia coli (gram -ve), and Bacillus species (gram +ve), using agar well diffusion method and also to compare with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin. It was found that the concentrated extract of Dadimashtaka choorna has significant anti-bacterial activity against the bacterial strain, Bacillus (gram +ve). The study confirmed the anti-bacterial potential of the formulation Dadimashtaka choorna against Bacillus species(gram+ve), which supports the fact that the compound formulation is a promising remedy to curb the gastrointestinal disorders caused by the gram +ve bacterial strains.

Chemical profiling of a polyherbal formulation by tandem mass spectroscopic analysis with multiple ionization techniques

BackgroundGugguluthiktham Kashayam (GTK) is the decoction form of Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita, a classical Ayurvedic formulation used for treating various diseases like skin disorders, ulcers, sinus, asthma, cardiac diseases, arthritis, and cancer.ResultsTandem mass spectroscopic analysis of GTK was carried out by different ionization techniques such as electro spray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in both positive and negative modes using Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF) mass spectroscopy. Data processing of molecular ions obtained by ESI and APCI mass fragmentation led to the identification of several phytoconstituents belonging to various classes of compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and coumarins.ConclusionThe study concluded that GTK contains variety of phytochemicals with numerous biological properties that might be responsible for its various therapeutic effects.