Classical Figures Research Articles

Feminism That Grows Itself Inside the Structure of the Patriarchal Gaze: A Case Study of the K-pop Female Creator Group--(G)I-DLEs Nxde

Focusing on feminist discourses within the structure of the patriarchal gaze, this paper analyzes the ability of female creators in the K-pop industry to dissolve male-dominated visual pleasure by using the K-pop girl group (G)I-DLE and their self-composed song Nxde as a case study. By exploring the songs promotional strategy, arrangement, music video, lyrics, and social reactions, the study uncovers its unique attempt to subvert traditional gender narratives. The promotional strategy and arrangement critique the objectification of women through satirical elements; the music video deconstructs patriarchal societys traditional perceptions of beauty and desire through aesthetic choices, homage to classic female figures, and innovative camera language. However, societys response to Nxde reveals a contradiction between feminist ideals and commercial realities, and its stage performance and image remain controversial for catering to the male gaze. Research has shown that while female creators like (G)I-DLE have actively challenged patriarchal structures through their artwork, the complete dissolution of the male gaze in a highly commercialized industry like K-pop remains a complex and unfinished topic. However, works like Nxde are an important step forward in redefining the image of women in mainstream media and feminist narratives in pop culture.

An Enmeshed Family System? Jean Piaget as a Designated Therapist in 1920.

Over the past century, numerous studies have examined Jean Piaget's relationship with psychoanalysis. Until the 1970s, they often emphasized the value of a rapprochement between Piaget and Freud and highlighted the use of Piaget's ideas in therapeutic practice. Then from the 1980s onwards, several studies focused on the relationship between his work-seen as purely cognitive, to the exclusion of the social and the affective-and his conflicted relationship with his mother. Based on similar sources, particularly his autobiography, these studies led to a reductionist account of his work according to which intellectual content was determined as much by the conflictual relationship as by his alleged autism. The article begins by deconstructing these ideas, showing that in the 1920s Piaget gave an important place to affectivity and the role of the mother in development. It then analyses the Piaget's family dynamics of the 1919-1920 period, focusing on the family system-Jean's parents, sisters and brother-in-law-in its relationship to pathology, a dynamic reconstructed with the help of correspondences. The article presents a series of totally unknown episodes in Piaget's life. It shows that this was an enmeshed family system Minuchin (Families and family therapy, 1974) in which members were both highly involved and dependent on the mother. Within it, Piaget was designated as a therapist, for both the mother and the system, thus reversing standard roles and the classic figure of the designated patient. This research strengthened the few works that have identified either Piaget's position as a therapist or the importance of his ideas for psychotherapy.

The figures, profiles, border figures (figures-limites), and ‘pure schema’ of Foucault’s later lectures on cosmopolitanism

This article offers an affirmative reading of the Socratic and Cynical ‘figures’ in Foucault’s lecture series at the Collège de France, his last (if not final) word on the philosophical care of the self and cosmopolitanism. Foucault interprets ancient philosophy in a series of figures, all of whom are characterized by an affirmative care of self rather than by the hierarchical pastoral power relations he ascribes to Christian confessional politics. In an overlooked complication, Foucault introduces border figures ( figures-limites) that mark the limits of a classical figure (e.g. Diogenes the Cynic) and anticipates or recalls very different historical and philosophical configurations of truth, power, and self. This article describes Socrates and Cynics as figures and as border figures introducing new relations of subject, truth, and power. The article distinguishes the practices of the life-affirming figure of Socrates from ‘Platonism’ and uses the concept of the border figure to explore the practical range of commitments of Cynic cosmopolitans. The article then addresses recent and present-day radical cosmopolitans in terms of the figure of the cosmopolitan and the border figure of the defiant performance artist and militant political revolutionary. Not easily amenable to simple labels, Foucault’s cosmopolitanism could be described as zetetic, or searching and testing. As militant and radical, its radical commitment is to experimenting with different configurations of subject, truth, and power.

Back Cover

In this picture, the Chinese classical mythic figure Red Boy, holding a red tasseled gun (adriamycin), is attacking a lots of monster (live balls, multidrug resistance cancer cells) with the help of the Samadhi fire (polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, PPAPs). This indicates that PPAPs along with adriamycin show good cytotoxic activity on multidrug resistance cancer cells. More details are discussed in the article by Yuan et al. on pages 3293—3307. image

Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Günther Anders

Abstract Widely translated into several Western languages (with the exception of English), Günther Anders (1902–92) has, in the last two decades, attained the status of a classic figure within twentieth-century critical thought, close to Herbert Marcuse and the Frankfurt School without ever becoming one of its members. This article analyses his intellectual trajectory and his body of work, which includes many articles, essays, short stories, and even a novel. It focuses on his Jewish roots, which made him a paradigmatic representative of the ‘non-Jewish Jew’: a Jew confronted with antisemitism, an internationalist standing before the Jewish tradition. The crucial premises of his original theory, the author emphasises, were Auschwitz and Hiroshima, the extermination of European Jewry, and the atomic bomb. Set out in his most ambitious work, The Outdatedness of Human Beings (Volume 1, 1956; Volume 2, 1980), Anders’ thought appears as a kind of dialectical sublation, from a Marxist perspective, of Heidegger’s philosophy of technique (where technique has replaced human beings as the subject of history), articulated with a radical criticism of Heidegger’s political ontology.

Tools to Assess Neurocognitive Development: Reciprocal Insights from Theory and Neuroscience

Neurocognitive assessments are fundamental for modeling human development. The proposition of this article is that insights from both theory and neuroscience can mutually advance each other, and both can serve as reciprocal tools for constructing improved assessments. Children begin with an abundance of neurons at birth and evolve into sophisticated problem solvers. Grounded in historical perspectives shaped by classic figures such as Ramon y Cajal, Binet, and Piaget, this article delves into the developmental theory of constructive operators. It integrates ideas from psychological theory and neuroscience findings. Four guiding principles emerge that can help steer the course of developmental cognitive neuroscience (i.e., age groupings, child-friendly and culture-appropriate assessments, and meta-subjective task analysis). These principles underscore the benefits of employing theoretically based measures that highlight cognitive potential in complement to learning outcomes and have applications both behaviorally and in neuroimaging. This strategic approach holds considerable promise for driving progress in science, education, clinical practice, and policymaking.

Jane Addams and the Hull-House Maps & Papers. A Knowledge-Culture Approach

Jane Addams – social researcher, socio-political activist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner – is one of those „women in sociology“ (Honegger/Wobbe 1998) who are seldom remembered today in the history of the discipline. Although Addams’ research and sociopolitical activities shaped academic and public life in Chicago significantly at that time, her work has been overshadowed by the „Men of the Chicago School“ (Deegan 1988) at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Our contribution intends to pay tribute to Jane Addams as a classic figure of problem-oriented social research and is structured as follows: We begin with a brief biographical portrait of Jane Addams (1) and then describe the Hull-House and the Hull- House Maps & Papers in the socio-historical context of the settlement movement (2). In the next step we outline the approach of sociological cultures of knowledge, in order to proceed with a knowledge-culture interpretation of Addams’ work (3). We conclude with a plea for a greater reception of the Maps & Papers and for the recognition of Jane Addams’ pioneering role in sociology, which unfolded beyond the confines of university and non-university research and the later established lines of academic discourse (4).

Thoughts on Islamic Education According to Classical Muslim Figures (Ibnu Sina, Al-Farabi and Ikhwanus Shafa)

Thoughts on Islamic Education According to Classical Muslim Figures (Ibnu Sina, Al-Farabi and Ikhwanus Shafa)

Islamic Education Thought Perspective of the Ikhwanus Shafa

The Islamic religion has various figures who are very well known in the world of education. There are many thoughts from Muslim figures that are still being developed today and make a big contribution to the world of education. These contributions include education in the fields of philosophy, medicine, astronomy, mathematics, politics and many more in education. Like classical Muslim figures who are well-known in the world of education, Ikhwanus Shafa is also a thinker in Islamic education and a classical Muslim intellectual who has made reforms in the development of Islamic education in all scientific fields, especially in the field of education. Therefore, the author wants to describe the Islamic educational thought style from the Ikhwanus Shafa perspective. This research is included in qualitative research based on literature study. The data source in this research analyzes works, books and journals related to the figure Ikhwanus Shafa. The results of the research explain that the Ikhwanus Shafa's style of thinking in Islamic education starts from how to gain knowledge, type of teacher, educational goals, curriculum and teaching methods in Islam.

Breakthrough and Beyond - An Analysis of Feminism in Barbie

This essay aims to investigate the significant impact of the film "Barbie" on the global film market and the feminist film market through a literature analysis approach. The study involves an analysis of the female characters in the movie to reveal the feminist ideas expressed therein. The research methods primarily include audio-visual language interpretation and comparative analysis with other feminist films or classic female figures, aiming to understand the unique role of "Barbie" in the feminist movement and its influence on the female film market. The study findings indicate that the film "Barbie" exhibits more advanced characteristics in feminist thinking, aligning better with the psychological needs of contemporary women. The movie has elevated feminist films to new heights, increasing their visibility. It has also contributed to breakthroughs in post-feminism, emphasizing the transcendence of gender itself and the pursuit of individual value. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the novel inspiration that "Barbie" brings to the feminist film market, highlighting its unique role in the feminist movement. It provides valuable insights for future research, encouraging a deeper exploration of feminist ideas to meet the evolving needs of society.

Analisis Penerapan serta Hambatan Pemikiran Tokoh–tokoh Ekonomi Klasik terhadap Sistem Ekonomi Masa Kini

Classic figures such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, John Stuart Mill, and Jean Baptiste Say have put forward the basic concepts of understanding economics in the last century and in today's economy. Its application to the economic system includes Family Planning Programs, Entrepreneurship ideas, and the existence of free markets in international trade. The goal of this application is to fill job vacancies, improve the efficiency of economic activities, and maintain economic stability. However, in the application of these classic economic concepts, there are still some obstacles, one of which is food crises. Therefore, this article aims to provide an understanding of how the application and obstacles of classic economic theory are applied to today's economic system, so that classic economic theory can be adapted to address the obstacles in today's economic system.

Is Taylor Swift leading a new Pop revolution? A cross-generation analysis of Pop/Rock cover songs

Background (Pop/Rock is experiencing deep transformations caused by the emergence of Web 2.0 and the online social networks, streaming services and the proliferation of TV contests. Cover songs afford the opportunity to explore how these changes would result in a new revalorization of Pop and Dance music. The aim of this paper is to find evidence of a changing pattern in cover songs by 21st-century artists. To this end, over 76,000 covers performed by artists who grew up in the 2000s were quantitatively analyzed. Methods SecondHandSongs.com was crawled to extract the cover relationships, and Allmusic.com to obtain the genre and starting decade of each performer. Results The results show that the current music panorama is dominated by Pop/Rock music and, for the first time since the 1960s, artists from the 2010s generation prefer to cover more songs by contemporary artists than by classic figures from the 1960s. Pop and Dance are the emerging sub-genres with the largest proportion of covered musicians, while Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Ed Sheeran are responsible for this changing trend. Conclusions These results provide an interesting opportunity to introduce quantitative studies in cultural studies about music, cinema and arts.

A Comparative Analysis of Female Consciousness through the Avenging Female Figures in Western and Chinese Literature – A Case Study of Medea and He Hongyao

Classical female figures like Medea and He Hongyao are prevalent in Western and Chinese literary tragedies. Despite their distinct literary backgrounds, these avenging women face diverse destinies. This paper focuses on analyzing the fate, outcomes, and the representation of female consciousness and tragic reasons in these two avenging female characters to delve deeper into the differences in female consciousness in Western and Chinese literature.

Nahwu Concept According to Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mustafa in Arabic Linguistics (Comparative Studies of Syntax)

The process of analyzing Arabic syntax has occurred from classical to modern, and in terms of understanding, there has been development and deepening of the discussion. So that the concept in the classical and modern periods is focused on the thoughts of Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mustafa as a whole who have become representatives of both Arabs and non-Arabs. This research uses a Literature Review Design, library research or literature study (literature review, literature research), this research uses a comparative approach or comparison, it is educational research that uses the technique of comparing a object with other objects.This research uses a comparative approach. Both figures have their own methods, the methods used by classical figures to compose Nahwu using sama'i, qiyasi, ijma', ta'lil, istihsan and istishab with a philosophical and theological approach. Meanwhile, the method used by modern figures in compiling Nahwu uses tanziriyyah and tatbiqiyyah. The results of this research explain that the concept of nahwu according to Sibawaih in developing Nahwu lies in the classification of i'rab for nouns (ism) into rofa', nasb and khafd. Meanwhile, the concept put forward by Imam Sibawaih was simplified by Ibrahim Mustafa who said that i'rab consists of dammah and kasrah. Ibrahim Mustafa did not consider fathah an i'rab.This research only reveals the similarities and differences of nahwu, and only focuses on the two figures Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mustafa, so that the results of these findings can be regenerated to be more complete and detailed. However, this research can be a reference for further research on these two figures. The researcher suggests that further research emphasize more on the implementation of Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mustafa's nahwu using the Qualitative Field Method.

Atheist Therapy: Radical Embodiment in Early Modern Medical Materialism

Materialism as a doctrine is, of course, a part of the history of philosophy, even if it was often a polemical construct, and it took until the 18th century for philosophers to be willing to call themselves materialists. Difficulties also have been pointed out in terms of “continuity,” i.e., does what Democritus, Lucretius, Hobbes and Diderot have to say about matter, the body and the soul all belong in one discursive and conceptual frame? Interestingly, materialism is also a classic figure in the history of medicine, often intersecting with philosophical considerations. Notably, the question of body-soul relations. This is apparent in Galen’s treatise on body and soul and then much more massively in the early modern period (with reference to Galen, but also Lucretius, and Aristotelian naturalism). In the following essay I reflect on the exact nature of early modern medical materialism, its philosophical status and contribution.

‘The words of a nation worn down by cares’: classical wisdom and modern crisis in Lin Shu’s Aesop’s Fables

Abstract This article analyses the remarkable translation of Aesop’s Fables produced by the Chinese literatus-turned-cultural-impresario Lin Shu [林紓; 1852–1924] at the turn of the twentieth century. Collaborating with colleagues proficient in English, which he himself was not, Lin translated the Fables into elegant Classical Chinese. This article examines the preface to the translation, which uses Aesop’s status as an enduring classical figure in Western education to argue for the continuing relevance of Classical Chinese in newly constituted school curricula. More importantly though, this article probes at the voluminous epimythia Lin composed for most of the fables in the collection. Written immediately after the humiliating Boxer Protocol, these present a feisty critique of Western imperialism in China. They range in topic from China’s lack of cultural self-confidence to comparative reflection on the status of enslaved Africans in the antebellum USA. Lin was a confident and wilful reader of texts; in his hands, the Fables become a foil for razor-edged polemic. His translation is surely one of the most culturally significant in the Fables’ long and murky textual history, and represents an overlooked monument of classical reception in an East Asia teetering on the violent edge of modernity.

Структурно-семантические модели простых повторов в английской разговорной речи

The aim of the study is to identify the models of sentences with duplication of sentence composition elements presented in the works of American playwrights. The paper analyzes the main typical models of simple repetitions without explication of additional components in the sentence structure based on the notion of informative-syntagmatic duplication proposed by Professor M. Ya. Blokh within the theory of paradigmatic syntax. The study makes it possible to take a fresh look at the problem of the classical rhetorical figure of repetition, considering it from the perspective of grammar and information theory. The study is novel in that it is the first to highlight the models of simple repetitions at the sentence level and assess their functionality in question-and-answer interaction. As a result of the analysis, it was found that despite the emerging structural and semantic redundancy of the repetition models without modification of duplicated elements, it gives the utterance an emotionally expressive content, serves as a means of logical emphasis for important information and allows solving various stylistic tasks.

G. MUTANOV’S POETRY AS THE UNFADING LIGHT OF A DISTANT STAR

Conceptual analysis refers to the analysis of key words within a specific cognitive domain of the culture being studied. Of particular interest is studying the lexical context and compatibility surrounding the chosen keyword. Other elements within the field are combined in relation to it.While reading the philosophical reasoning of Galym Mutanov, it reminded me of the statements made by I.S. Turgenev in his book “Poems in Prose.” This sparked a desire to compare the philosophical understanding of life between a classic Russian literature figure from the 19th century and a poet from the 21 century.The purpose of this article is to identify the thematic connections in the description of a specific chapter from Galym Mutanov’s book “Shine.” It aims to provide a semantic-syntactic analysis of the analyzed texts, emphasizing the originality of the evidence base and linguistic means used in the book.Analyzing Galym Mutanov’s book “Shining” is challenging not due to its length, but because of the profound philosophical reflections it presents. At the core of Mutanov’s perception of life lies a deep love for life itself, humanity, and the entire world around us. The poetic style employed in his writing showcases a remarkable sense of language.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE TEACHER’S CHARACTER IN FORMATION OF STUDENT’S CHARACTER (STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IMAM NURUDDIN AL SAMHUDI IN THE BOOK OF JAWAHIR AL-'IQDAIN FI FADHLI ASY-SARAFAIN)

ABSTRACTThe National Education System states that the education in question is an education based onreligious spiritual values and prioritizes personality and noble moral character, not only prioritizingknowledge and logical intelligence. The spearhead of achieving this goal is certainly one of them isin the hands of teachers as exemplary figures in forming good participant characters in accordancewith the demands of the national education system. Among the classical clerical figures who discussthe character of the teacher is Imam al Samhudi.This research aims to find out how the implications of Imam al Samhudi's thinking about thecharacter that a teacher must have on the formation of good character of learners. This research usesdescriptive research methods and content analysis. Data collection techniques use literature studiesand documentation. The results of this study revealed the conclusion that Imam al Samhudi'sthoughts have very good implications if they can really be applied by all teachers in the nationaleducation system, especially in terms of the formation of the character of learners in accordancewith the demands of character education development.Keywords: Teacher Character, Student Character, Imam al Samhudi

Інтермедіальна поетика біографічної кіноповісті І. Драча та І. Миколайчука «Київська фантазія на тему дикої троянди-шипшини»

The trend of syncretization of arts in the modern world is spreading and this causes interest in the method of intermedia analysis in literary studies. Today we can observe a kind of “intermedia boom” (H. Levchenko); studies on the problems of synthesis and interaction of arts have become relevant, an intermedia code is actively offered for understanding problems, architecture, artistic means, narrative strategies, images of a literary work. Intermediality is relevant to the methodology of modern literary studies and also offers a new perspective on those artistic texts that are on the periphery of theoretical interests due to the uncertainty regarding their inter-artistic identification. A film story about a composer is an interesting phenomenon of intermedial synthesis, since different channels of intermedial communication, such as literature, cinema and music, are simultaneously involved. The intermedial poetics of Ivan Drach and Ivan Mykolaichuk’s film story “Kyiv Fantasy on the Theme of a Wild Rose-hip” (1984), which is about the founder of Ukrainian classical music, public figure, musician-virtuoso and outstanding scientist-ethnographer Mykola Lysenko, is analyzed. Perfectly combining the private and creative beginnings, the successful tandem of I. Drach and I. Mikolaichuk is managed to present a rich and difficult life of a talented person and a brilliant composer from early childhood to his death. Using a two-level composition of the unfolding of events, the reader/spectator is presented with the journey of Mykola Lysenko in adulthood, where memories are retrospectively used: first childhood, then youth, and then student years, etc. The artists also tried to find out the complicated relationship of the composer with his wife Olga O’Connor and the mother of his children – Olha Lypska. In addition to this, the film story presents the image of the artist in the discourse of contemporary historical events, social processes, in the discourse of events that had significant cultural value, thus presenting the composer as a citizen-patriot, and as a public figure, and as an important cultural figure. The image of a rose-hip stands out as a symbol and a metaphor that combines saturated biographical material into a single whole – a symbol of the “people’s soul, song”.