Identification Of Class Research Articles

Television and the Formation of Urban Middle-class Identities

The Indian middle class has been a powerful force in the sphere of consumption culture since the formal advent of economic liberalization in 1991. With the advent of television, Indian society has been witnessing changes in class identities. The role of Indian television shows has been instrumental in shaping urban middle-class identities within Indian society. These shows have been effective in creating a desired lifestyle and everyday practices that are symbolic of urban middle-class practices. The objective of this paper is to reflect upon how these shows portray a way of common and relatable practices of the Indian middle class and explore the representation of the middle-class lifestyle. The idea of new modes of consumption reflects itself as a way of economic coercion that the capitalist world is trying to propagate with the practice of mass consumption. Thus, the concept of culture industry attempts to argue how commodification and the consumption of capitalist goods act as a way of manipulation to preserve the reigning capitalistic order. Through the lens of Birmingham School, this paper attempts to understand the process of Indian middle-class formation within the sphere of Television programs. The messages and values deciphered by the content of the television shows are in various ways interpreted by their audience. This study will be based on qualitative data that aims to use several secondary sources such as academic journals, articles, and online blogs to analyze the ideas that are put forward in understanding the very idea of consumption culture and middle-class formation. The investigation is also based on content analysis which will include a thorough analysis of the television show ‘Yeh Meri Family’ and its portrayal of consumerist practice within its specific context. This brings us to the fundamental idea of the paper of examining 'television' as a significant household gadget symbolic to middle-class families and also understanding the content put forward by television shows encouraging consumerist behaviours.

Disability history in France: past, present and future

Abstract What is disability? How might a focus on disability as a category of human experience change the way we think and write about the French past? In this roundtable seven historians discuss the emergence of disability studies in France, assessing the continued relevance of classics in the field as well as new directions in research. Scholarly attention to disability, the contributors argue, has the potential to transform modern French historiography, not only by challenging our understanding of major ‘turning points’ such as the French Revolution or the world wars, but offering fresh insights into race, class and gender identities, as well as citizenship, inclusion and belonging in French society.

STO-CVAE: state transition-oriented conditional variational autoencoder for data augmentation in disability classification

The class imbalance problem occurs when there is an unequal distribution of classes in a dataset and is a significant issue in various artificial intelligence applications. This study focuses on the severe multiclass imbalance problem of human activity recognition in rehabilitation exercises for people with disabilities. To overcome this problem, we present a novel human action-centric augmentation method for human skeleton-based pose estimation. This study proposes the state transition-oriented conditional variational autoencoder (STO-CVAE) to capture action patterns in repeated exercises. The proposed approach generates action samples by capturing temporal information of human skeletons to improve the identification of minority disability classes. We conducted experimental studies with a real-world dataset gathered from rehabilitation exercises and confirmed the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, all investigated classifiers (i.e., random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and TabNet) trained with the proposed augmentation method outperformed the models trained without augmentation in terms of the F1-score and accuracy, with F1-score showing the most improvement. Overall, the prediction accuracy of most classes was improved; in particular, the prediction accuracy of the minority classes was greatly improved. Hence, the proposed STO-CVAE can be used to improve the accuracy of disability classification in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation and to provide suitable personal training and rehabilitation exercise programs.

Just not cricket: Baseball, youth and national identity in late nineteenth-century children’s magazines

In the late nineteenth century, baseball became enshrined as America’s national sport. Across American culture, the game became imbued with a series of values and characteristics that seemed redolent of life in the Gilded Age and beyond. This article explores the ways in which this process played out in the pages of popular magazines directed at the children of the nation’s elite. These neglected resources provide us with an extraordinary lens through which to chart both the changing place of the national game within the lives of American children and the changing meaning of baseball within the life of the nation. In poems, stories, illustrations, editorials and even reader’s letters, children were newly acculturated into the sporting life in ways that had profound implications for wider questions of childhood, gender, race, class and national identity.

Indigeneity, land and labour in Paraguay

This article is focused on the politics of indigeneity, which is an increasingly important concept and a central area of dispute in a globalised world. Indigeneity encapsulates the friction between ethnicity and class identities, which cannot be understood without a full consideration of differences and relationships between landowners, other economic sectors, non-indigenous workers and indigenous people. The text specifically deals with the circumstances of Paraguay, whose process of nation building is directly related to longitudinal attacks on its indigenous peoples and the unresolved problems of land, labour and rights. The case study investigates the long-term tendencies of Paraguayan society, in particular, the ongoing expansion of agribusiness and land grabbing in the northeast of the country that tragically affect the Paĩ Tavyterã indigenous people. The discussion is based on qualitative, engaged research over several years, which considered the indigenous population as co-investigators and active socio-political players. The conclusion is that, despite the fact that Paraguay is a major exporter of primary commodities, the prevailing geographical force is the accumulation of multiple forms of social, ecological and even economic degradation. Against those perverse trends, the important reaction of the Paĩ Tavyterã, as well as of other indigenous peoples, and their struggle to recover their land and socio-ecological relations greatly complicate national politics and challenge the hegemony of export-oriented agribusiness.

The Class Ceiling in the United States: Class-Origin Pay Penalties in Higher Professional and Managerial Occupations

Abstract Gender and racial pay penalties are well-known: women (of all races) and people of color (of all genders) earn less, on average, even when they gain access to occupations historically reserved for White men. Studies of social mobility show that people from working-class backgrounds in the US have also been excluded from top professional and managerial occupations. But do working-class-origin people who attain top US jobs face a class-origin pay penalty? Despite evidence of class-origin pay gaps in higher professional and managerial occupations elsewhere, we might expect that the central role of race and racism in US stratification processes, along with the relatively low salience of class identities, would render class origins irrelevant to earnings in exclusive occupations, at least within racial groups. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to link childhood class position to adult occupation and earnings, we describe the racial and class-origin composition of different high-status occupations and the earnings of people within them. We show that when people who are from working-class backgrounds are upwardly mobile into high-status occupations, they earn almost $20,000 per year less, on average, than individuals who are themselves from privileged backgrounds. The difference is partly explained by the upwardly mobile being less likely to have college degrees, but it remains substantial (around $11,700) even after accounting for education, race and other important predictors of earnings. The gap is largest among White people; there is a class-origin penalty in top US occupations that is distinct from the racial pay gap.

Teachers’ Views of L1 Use in English Speaking Classes : A Case Study of University Teachers in Korea

This study investigates the views of university English teachers in Korea teaching English speaking classes to develop a greater understanding of how L1 is used and for what reasons and purposes in the classroom. The primary means of data collection included a survey with multiple choice questions and open-ended questions, as well as semi-structured interviews. Thirteen teachers, five native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and eight Korean English teachers (KETs) responded to the survey, among whom four teachers participated in the interviews. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics or qualitative methods, depending on their types. Findings revealed that teachers attempted to use English as the primary medium of instruction, adhering to class identity and their teaching beliefs. However, the majority also found themselves allowing for the use of Korean to some extent for reasons such as the students’ low English proficiency, course goals, the tense environment, common L1 among students, and the students’ demand, although some differences were observed in the way that Korean was used between NESTs and KETs. Teachers also showed more leniency towards the students’ Korean use as opposed to their own use of it and employed Korean for different purposes in each case. Discrepancies were found between NESTs and KETs in their purposes. For instance, NESTs focused their use of Korean on social purposes while KETs focused on managerial purposes. NESTs permitted students to use Korean for various purposes, whereas KETs focused mainly on affective and social purposes. However, both groups seldom considered the students’ use of Korean for linguistic purposes. Further discussions on implications for teachers, education administrators, and researchers are provided.

Simulation and experimental validation of the JCR-CNN model for hybrid modes recognition and decomposition in few-mode fibers

The issue of mode decomposition (MD) in optical fibers is regarded as a regression problem has been widely studied and applied, however, in contrast, the identification of different classes of hybrid modes groups when different modes are excited as a typical classification problem has rarely been studied, and the possibility of incorporating both tasks into a single neural network to be solved simultaneously is an important issue that deserves to be explored. Thus, a novel joint classification and regression task convolutional neural network (JCR-CNN) architecture is proposed, which can perform the discrimination of hybrid mode group categories in few-mode fibers (FMFs) and predict corresponding mode coefficients simultaneously. In addition, the introduction of the data augmentation (DA) technique establishes a tight link between experimental and synthetic simulation data, allowing the model trained only on simulation data to cope well with the acquisition errors in the experimental optical path configuration when making predictions based on experimental data. The quantitative results of both simulation and experimental data demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed model and DA method. The mode classification accuracy and the Pearson coefficient of the image reached 99.71% and 98.81%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides a new perspective for a more comprehensive characterization of hybrid modes in optical fibers, which is expected to have applications in various fields.

Dossier—Negotiating Urban Spaces: Access, Care and Confinement in Contemporary Gendered Performance

This dossier explores the ways in which theatre and performance practitioners across the globe have addressed the deeply gendered modes of differential access to public spaces, institutional support, and resources through their creative as well as activist work, during the pandemic and its aftermath. In the last three years, the pandemic has transformed experiences of urban space globally. Access to public space has always been gendered as well as shaped by geographical location, race, caste, class and sexual identity. These traditional modes of differential access have been radically reorganized by the isolation and uncertainty engendered by the global pandemic. While ‘working from home’ was certainly not an option for everyone (most notably, care-workers in an overwhelmingly feminized profession), confinement to domestic space also meant escalating incidents of gendered violence for others. Additionally, the lack of sustainable income opportunities meant, as contributions to this dossier will demonstrate, the stripping away of roofs from over the heads of vulnerable citizens, whether impoverished artistes in want of state support or migrant workers on an uncertain daily wage. Staying at home was no longer an option, because ‘home’ often ceased to exist as a viable shelter, whether literally or by implication. For performers and theatre-workers all over the world, it was a time of intensified precarity: not only a loss of employment and income, but also a growing sense of artistic and professional purposelessness. While some were able to reorient this bewilderment through virtual and digital performances, for many grassroots performers, especially in the global South, access to these modes of public engagement were limited. In countries like India, street theatre activists felt unable and unwilling to switch to the digital space, while the prohibition on public assembly struck an irrevocable blow to women's protest movements.

Intersectionality of Gender, Race, Class, Sexuality, Disability and Other Social Identities in Shaping the Experiences and Opportunities of Marginalized Groups in Ukraine

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the intersectionality of gender, race, class, sexuality, disability, and other social identities in shaping the experiences and opportunities of marginalized groups.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Intersectionality recognizes how various social identities intersect to shape the experiences of marginalized groups, acknowledging compounded disadvantages. For instance, a Black woman may face discrimination based on race and gender simultaneously, affecting her access to opportunities. This framework emphasizes considering intersecting identities in analyzing social issues and advocating for inclusive policies. It underscores the need for understanding the interconnected nature of oppression and inequality.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Intersectionality theory, social identity theory & critical race theory may be used to anchor future studies on the intersectionality of gender, race, class, sexuality, disability, and other social identities in shaping the experiences and opportunities of marginalized groups. Organizations should adopt inclusive practices that recognize and value the diverse identities and experiences of individuals. Policymakers should design and implement policies that address the intersecting needs of marginalized groups

Intersectionality of Gender, Race, Class, Sexuality, Disability and Other Social Identities in Shaping the Experiences and Opportunities of Marginalized Groups in Ukraine

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the representation and participation of women and gender minorities in various fields and domains.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: In recent years, progress has been made in increasing the representation and participation of women and gender minorities across various fields. Despite these advancements, gender disparities persist due to ongoing barriers such as discrimination and unequal opportunities. Efforts to promote diversity and inclusion through initiatives like gender quotas and mentorship programs are crucial in addressing these challenges and achieving true gender equality..
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social construction theory, intersectionality theory & feminist theory may be used to anchor future studies on the representation and participation of women and gender minorities in various fields and domains. In practice, efforts are directed towards implementing strategies that promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in each domain. Policy interventions play a crucial role in institutionalizing and sustaining efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.

The local topology of dynamical network models for biology

Abstract The search for motifs—recurrent patterns in network topology—has led to the identification of universal classes of complex systems across diverse fields and has served as a quantitative tool to reveal common properties in both evolved and designed networks. In this study, we investigate the presence and significance of network superfamilies—previously identified through the census of triadic motifs—in the largest data set of dynamic, biological network models. We present triad significance profiles of 71 existing biological network models, all experimentally inspired. The generated data are treated in an unbiased manner and consistently clustered into two classes using several unsupervised techniques. The more prevalent class does exhibit a strong correlation with the superfamily of sensory transmission networks, which are characterized by the feedforward loop motif commonly found in signal-processing systems. Surprisingly, the remaining class shows a better correlation with the superfamily of word-adjacency networks. To better understand this, the results are analysed for varying network size thresholds, and their connection to the effect of model building activity is examined. It is highlighted that the more the model focuses on smaller portions of the regulatory network, as a result of the coarse-graining of the boundary dynamics and the peripheral regions of the network, the more its topology starts resembling that of ‘sentences’ of word-adjacency networks.

Are there differences in the perceived advantages and disadvantages of teleworking? The identification of distinct classes of teleworkers

PurposePrevious research has focused on the outcomes of telework, investigating the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking for employees. However, these investigations do not examine whether there are differences between teleworkers when evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking. The aim of this study is to identify of distinct classes of teleworkers based on the advantages and disadvantages that teleworking has for them.Design/methodology/approachThis study used secondary survey data collected by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). A sample of 842 people was used for this study. To identify the distinct classes of teleworkers, their perceived advantages and disadvantages of teleworking were analyzed using latent class analysis.FindingsThree different classes of teleworkers were distinguished. Furthermore, sociodemographic covariates were incorporated into the latent class model, revealing that the composition of the classes varied in terms of education level, household income, and the amount of time spent on teleworking per week. This study also examined the influence of these emergent classes on employees’ experience of teleworking.Originality/valueThis study contributes to previous research investigating if telework is advantageous or disadvantageous for teleworkers, acknowledging that teleworkers are not identical and may respond differently to teleworking.

The Rise of Communal Politics: Representing “Peasants” in Non‐electoral and Electoral Politics, Bengal 1920–1930s

AbstractThis article explores the representation of peasants in colonial India, during the 1920s‐1930s undivided Bengal. It examines how the historically marginalized and underrepresented rural population came to be constructed as objects of representation. It traces the development of representative claims made by various political parties and groups, both within and outside formal institutions of power, on behalf of rural society. The article discusses the challenges of categorizing the diverse rural population using the term "peasant" as an analytical category in the context of colonial Bengal. It highlights the dominance of the urban intelligentsia in provincial politics until the 1920s‐1930s, which neglected rural issues. It then explores the emergence of different claims to represent peasants in electoral politics, with a particular focus on the political debates surrounding the Tenancy Reform in Bengal. Drawing on secondary sources and colonial archives, it raises questions about how substantive representation of peasants occurred, who championed their representation, and how they formulated their demands. Overall, the article sheds light on the complex dynamics of peasant representation. By examining the rise communal peasant politics in 1920‐1930s Bengal, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities of rural mobilization and the interplay between class and communal identities.

A new paradigm in electron microscopy: Automated microstructure analysis utilizing a dynamic segmentation convolutional neutral network

Over the past half century, the transmission electron microscope enabled insight into the fundamental arrangements and structures of materials. State-of-the-art electron microscopes can acquire large image datasets across multiple imaging modalities. However, the manual annotation process for feature or defect quantification may not be feasible with the modern microscope. Convolutional neural networks emerged to characterize individual microstructural features from an image in a cost-effective, consistent manner. However, many of these neural network approaches rely on thousands to hundreds of thousands of manual annotations of each feature type across hundreds of images to train the network for adequate performance. This work focused on the development and application of a pixel-wise defect detection machine-learning dynamic segmentation convolutional neural network with associated automated acquisition and postprocessing to identify microstructural features rapidly and quantitatively from a small initial dataset incorporating multiple imaging modes. The approach was demonstrated for characterization of superalloy 718 from both single image acquisition on multiple detectors to in-situ evolution captured with a single detector on a standard desktop computer to demonstrate the low barrier to entry required for widespread adoption. Pixel-by-pixel class identification was excellent with strong identification of chemically distinct phases, structurally distinct phases, and defect structures, thus demonstrating the new paradigm of machine learning-assisted characterization.

Parvalbumin and Somatostatin: Biomarkers for Two Parallel Tectothalamic Pathways in the Auditory Midbrain.

The inferior colliculus (IC) represents a crucial relay station in the auditory pathway, located in the midbrain's tectum and primarily projecting to the thalamus. Despite the identification of distinct cell classes based on various biomarkers in the IC, their specific contributions to the organization of auditory tectothalamic pathways have remained poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IC neurons expressing parvalbumin (ICPV+) or somatostatin (ICSOM+) represent two minimally overlapping cell classes throughout the three IC subdivisions in mice of both sexes. Strikingly, regardless of their location within the IC, these neurons predominantly project to the primary and secondary auditory thalamic nuclei, respectively. Cell class-specific input tracing suggested that ICPV+ neurons primarily receive auditory inputs, whereas ICSOM+ neurons receive significantly more inputs from the periaqueductal gray and the superior colliculus (SC), which are sensorimotor regions critically involved in innate behaviors. Furthermore, ICPV+ neurons exhibit significant heterogeneity in both intrinsic electrophysiological properties and presynaptic terminal size compared with ICSOM+ neurons. Notably, approximately one-quarter of ICPV+ neurons are inhibitory neurons, whereas all ICSOM+ neurons are excitatory neurons. Collectively, our findings suggest that parvalbumin and somatostatin expression in the IC can serve as biomarkers for two functionally distinct, parallel tectothalamic pathways. This discovery suggests an alternative way to define tectothalamic pathways and highlights the potential usefulness of Cre mice in understanding the multifaceted roles of the IC at the circuit level.

Sub-clustering based recommendation system for stroke patient: Identification of a specific drug class for a given patient

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous studies have explored machine learning techniques for early detection of stroke patients using content-based recommendation systems. However, these models often struggle with timely detection of medications, which can be critical for patient management and decision-making regarding the prescription of new drugs. In this study, we developed a content-based recommendation model using three machine learning algorithms: Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Affinity Propagation (AP), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), to aid Healthcare Professionals (HCP) in quickly detecting medications based on the symptoms of a patient with stroke. Our model focused on three classes of drugs: antihypertensive, anticoagulant, and fibrate. Each machine learning algorithm was used to accomplish specific tasks, thereby reducing the partial search space, computational cost, and accurately detecting a primary drug class without loss of precision and accuracy. Our proposed model, called CRGANNC (Clustering Recommendation Gaussian Affinity Nearest Neighbors Classifier), effectively addresses the sparsity and scalability issues faced by content-based recommendation models. The CRGANNC model dynamically partition clusters into sub-clusters with variable numbers based on the group, and can diagnose healthy, sick, and at-risk patients, and recommend drugs to the HCP. In addition to our analysis, we developed a semi-artificial dataset with new features such as weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting, using a pipeline. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for researchers in the sensitive domain of stroke, providing a starting point for building and testing models when real data is often restricted. Our work not only contributes to the development of predictive models for stroke but also establishes a framework for creating similar datasets in other sensitive domains, accelerating research efforts and improving patient care. Our experiments were conducted on our dataset consisting of 9691 patient records, with 1206 records for stroke attacks and 8485 healthy patients. The CRGANNC model achieved an average precision of 0.98, recall of 0.95 and F1-score of 0.96 across all three drugs classes. Furthermore, our model demonstrated significant improvement in computational efficiency compared to existing content-based recommendation models, reducing the processing time by 25.80% . This results indicate the effectiveness of our model in accurately detecting medications for stroke patients based on their symptoms.

Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Thiophene-Bridged Macrocyclic pseudo-meta [2.2]Paracyclophanes.

Chiral organic molecules possessing high quantum yields, circular dichroism, and circularly polarized luminescence values have great potential as optically active materials for future applications. Recently, the identification of a promising class of inherently chiral compounds was reported, namely macrocyclic 1,3-butadiyne-linked pseudo-meta[2.2]paracyclophanes, displaying high circular dichroism and related gabs values albeit modest quantum yields. Increasing the quantum yields in an attempt to get bright circularly polarized light emitters, the high-yielding heterocyclization of those 1,3-butadiyne bridges resulting in macrocyclic 2,5-thienyls-linked pseudo-meta [2.2]paracyclophanes is herein described. The chiroptical properties of both, the previously reported 1,3-butadiyne, and the novel 2,5-thienyl bridged macrocycles of various sizes, are experimentally recorded, and theoretically described using density-functional theory.

Doing style for Saraswati Puja: Girlhood, Class, and Community Identity among Muslim girls in Assam

Saraswati Puja, a celebration of the Hindu goddess of learning, is organised by youth clubs and educational institutions in eastern India. We draw on debates on girlhood, codes of respectable femininity in a neoliberal world, and how these play out for Muslim girls in the school context. These ideas frame our analysis of the dressing up practice among Muslim girls in a government school. We argue that the middle-class and ethnicised ideals of girlhood are amplified and reconfigured by the popular discourses on Saraswati Puja and add to the tensions over the appropriate code of dressing within the context of Puja at school. While the reality of girls’ lives is being shaped in novel ways, the Muslim girls engagement with the ideals of ‘respectable femininity’ through varied modes of ‘doing style’ put them under contrary pressures in public places like school. In such a scenario, their accounts of dressing up and participating in this event serve as a vantage point to understand how girlhood is being construed and experienced from varied positions of class, caste, age, and community. These accounts highlight Muslim girls’ engagement with the codes of femininity in the majoritarian cultural universe of a school.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) dan Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Indonesians are frequently afflicted with infectious diseases caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Beluntas and breadfruit leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins which have potential as antibacterials. This research seeks to the impact of mixing ethanol extracts of breadfruit and beluntas leaves on S. aureus ATCC 25923. Powder were macerated using 96% ethanol followed by identification of the compound class. Single extracts were examined for dilution to acquire effective concentrations before being mixed with concentration ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. The extracts combination was tested using the disc diffusion method, and the combination effect was tested using the paper tape method. The results demonstrated that the beluntas and breadfruit leaf extracts had MBC value of 12.5% and 6.25%. The most effective extract combination was at a concentration ratio of 2:1, with an average diameter of the inhibition zone of 20.72 mm, while the ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were only 17.78 and 18.15 mm, respectively. The combination effect of extracts is synergistic