Clash Of Worldviews Research Articles

Human Rights: From the Origins of Philosophical and Legal Thought to Modern Geopolitical Reality

The paper presents the author’s understanding of the unity of the logical and historical connection between the processes of formation of the institution of human rights and the formation of the idea of human rights in philosophical and legal concepts. The idea of human rights has historically been formed and put into practice as a result of several mutually dependent processes: firstly, the confrontation of social actors, the human struggle for the normative establishment of acceptable, decent standards and quality of life; secondly, the formation of the concept of «social justice» in the public consciousness on ethical and moral grounds that have developed in society; thirdly, the conceptualization of the worldview, philosophical, theoretical, ideological justification of human rights based on their understanding as natural, inalienable; fourthly, the international institutionalization of human rights; fifthly, the recognition of the institution of human rights in national legal systems. The significance of the social conflict that existed throughout the history of mankind as a source and driving force for the emergence of the idea of human rights is shown. The genesis of philosophical and legal ideas, starting from the period of Ancient Greece, expressing various aspects of the concepts of «justice», «freedom», «equality», «law», is investigated. The impossibility of formation is shown the formalized concepts of human rights before the formation of the theory of natural law. It is noted that the decisive factor in the beginning of the formation of the institution of human rights was the formation of natural law, the assertion of its influence on public consciousness. The importance of the bourgeois revolutions in Europe, which led to the formation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789, is emphasized. The paper shows the fundamental difference between the socialist understanding of rights and freedoms from their understanding, which developed in the depths of bourgeois societies; the historical conditionality of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 after the Second World War is shown. The importance of the ideological foundations of human rights, the philosophical and legal explanation of the need for this institution is emphasized. A clash of worldviews in the understanding of human rights in the context of modern geopolitical reality is stated and an assumption is made about the possibility of forming a new concept (model of human rights).

Translating artlangs: the clash of worldviews

The research is dedicated to the problem of translating artlangs as a means of the alternative worldview embodiment. The object of research is twofold: the worldview in its linguistic manifestation and artlangs – artistic languages created within literary discourse mainly for expressive purposes. The aim of the research is equally dual: to determine what (kind of) worldview is reflected in artlangs and how it can be reproduced in translation. Our first hypothesis outlines three instances of worldview clashes connected with the perception, interpretation and translation of a piece of fiction depicting an alternative reality via an artlang. The first occurs when the reader decodes the text and recreates in their mind the author’s artistic worldview, because the resulting ‘picture’ is never identical to the original one due to the uniqueness of information processing. The second occurs in translation, because the image of an alternative world in the translator’s mind is indeed the projection of that of the author, but formed under the influence of their own (target) worldview and incarnated through the available target linguistic resources. The third occurs when the target reader retrieves the information from the target text and once again forms their own view of the alternative reality. According to our second hypothesis, artlangs’ principal translatability is determined by their inextricable ties with natural donor language(s), though their reproduction is a highly demanding creative act whose outcome depends on a number of concomitant circumstances. Here belong: the relation between an artlang’s donor language(s) and a piece of fiction’s source language; the relation between a piece of fiction’s source language and its target language; and, finally, the method of artlang’s manufacturing.

Language, Truth, and Pedagogy

Early in the planning the Emory-Tibet Science Initiative, we realized that the encounter between Buddhism and contemporary science demanded that Buddhist logic and epistemology encounter Anglophone philosophy of science. A titanic clash of world views was anticipated, but as we began the conversation, we found something different. Many philosophical concerns were shared, but these problems were understood differently. While fundamental elements of epistemology, like observation and inference, had similar functions in both traditions, subtle differences in conceptualization challenged mutual intelligibility. Through thousands of years of erudite debate, each tradition had honed their tools. While each cut cleanly, they carved in different joints. This essay will briefly discuss the linguistic, philosophical, and pedagogical adjustments that made for mutual comprehensibility.

Problems of Intergeneration Interaction in Commercial Organizations and Ways of Their Solution

One of the key problems in the functioning of any commercial organization, regardless of its size, its type of activity and the number of personnel, is the problem of interaction between various social groups. This problem can arise in mutual understanding between managers and subordinates, between employees of various divisions of companies, in the form of competition between employees of one department, but this problem is most clearly manifested in the interaction of employees belonging to different generations. Moreover, as the research experience shows, the problem of intergenerational interaction now has the character of a clash of worldviews — digital and postindustrial. This article will consider the features of representatives of different generations who work together in a commercial organization and propose methods for resolving contradictions that arise in the process of this activity, formulated through the study of the views of representatives of several generations. In conclusion, the author will offer to the audience his judgments about such modern trends in human resource management as a selfdeveloping organization and assessments.

K. CHUKOVSKY AND V. NABOKOV: GLIMPSES OF THEIR PERSONAL AND LITERARY RELATIONSHIPS

The relationship between K. Chukovsky and V. Nabokov is a topic little covered by scholars. Even less is written about the mutual literary influence of the two preeminent Russian authors. The article examines their journals, letters and literary works to reveal the development of their artistic disputes.Doyens of Russian culture, the two simply couldn’t have ignored each other, especially as they met in person before the Revolution and thanks to literary circumstances. The article shows that each one’s personal and artistic opinions were bound to cause a clash of worldviews, which indeed took place on paper, and continued without any face-to-face polemics.The author finds a lot of similarities in the two writers’ creative method: they both demonstrate astonishing literary erudition, synthesize new imagery, plots and narrative forms. Both favoured formalistic and stylistic experimentation, literary game and cryptography, pranking, puns, allusions, and anagrams.

Twilight of Empire: The Brest-Litovsk Conference and the Remaking of East-Central Europe, 1917–1918 by Borislav Chernev

Reviewed by: Twilight of Empire: The Brest-Litovsk Conference and the Remaking of East-Central Europe, 1917–1918 by Borislav Chernev Gwendal Piégais (bio) Borislav Chernev, Twilight of Empire: The Brest-Litovsk Conference and the Remaking of East-Central Europe, 1917–1918 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017). 301 pp., ills. Bibliography. Index. ISBN: 978-1-4875-0149-5. Borislav Chernev's book is dedicated to one of the key events at the end of the Great War – the Brest-Litovsk Conference, which resulted in a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Imperial Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), later joined by a Ukrainian delegation. A close look at the peace negotiations allows us to see how wartime alliances make it difficult to reach a peace settlement because of the allies' conflicting agendas (P. 6). The author reconstructs the negotiation process and the very mechanisms of elaborating a treaty. This sets his book apart from the historiographic mainstream, which is concentrated on criticizing the draconian terms of the treaty imposed by militaristic Germany.1 Moreover, Chernev brings to the fore of his study the actors neglected by traditional historiographic [End Page 260] narratives, most notably Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian, and Ukrainian delegations. He also substantiates his vision of what he calls the "Brest-Litovsk system" as a key moment in the decolonizing process of Eastern and Central Europe. The book begins with the discussion, in the first chapter, of the encounter between the Ostpolitik (German and Austria political and economic ambitions in Eastern Europe) and the World Revolution (Pp. 12–40). Specifically, it looks at the confrontation between a fractured alliance fighting on two fronts that needed peace on one of them, and a newborn political power that issued a utopian and "sweeping Decree on Peace demanding an end to hostilities in all theaters of war" (P. 40). In this respect, the Brest-Litovsk negotiations became a clash of worldviews. The second chapter (Pp. 41–78) presents the main demands contained in the Bolshevik Peace Decree – a universal peace without annexations and indemnities, upholding the right to national self-determination. Since the Central Powers intended to use self-determination as a tool for establishing control over the former western borderlands of the Russian Empire, the Soviet government used negotiations to delay any decision as long as possible, hoping for a revolution in Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Great January Strike of January 1918 in Austria, described in the third chapter (Pp. 79–119), fueled Trotsky's hope for the revolution coming to the Central Powers. But the army remained loyal to the emperor, the line of procurement was improved, so the government succeeded in restoring order through negotiations with the leaders of the Social Democrats. In chapter 4 (Pp. 120–157), Chernev suggests that, although subdued, the mass social unrest forced Austria-Hungary to seek peace with renewed vigor and made it open talks with the Ukrainian delegation at Brest-Litovsk. These negotiations conferred much more importance on the Ukrainian delegates: they meant a recognition of the country by a foreign power and opened cooperation between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Central Powers. Ukraine offered food supplies to Austria-Hungary in exchange for military support, which alone made possible the development of modern Ukrainian statehood. The "Dream of Byzantium," Bulgaria's project of regional hegemony in the Balkans, threatened to derail the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk and the integrity of the alliance itself. As shown in chapter 5 (Pp. 158–182), the Bulgarian side attempted to play the card of national self-determination with the Bolsheviks and exploit the slogan of the Slavic brotherhood with the Ukrainian delegation in [End Page 261] order to obtain additional leverage for renegotiating the future borders. This subversive activity was stopped after the news about it had reached Berlin, and the Bulgarian chief delegate Popov was recalled. Finally, chapter 6 (Pp. 183–220) presents the aftermath of Trotsky's famous démarche, the "No War, No Peace" declaration. The diplomats of Germany and Austria-Hungary had opposed to Erich Ludendorff's ambitious plans of annexations in the East...

Repatriation: A Clash of World Views

Repatriation: A Clash of World Views

Religious Features of Curanderismo Training and Practice

The purpose of this study is to investigate religious features of curanderismo, specifically the role of ostensibly Roman Catholic beliefs and practices in the training and work of curandero/as. The integration of religious beliefs and practices within the rituals of curanderismo and how this potential clash of worldviews negatively and positively impacts clients and practitioners are examined. Interviews were conducted with practicing curandero/as and clients who had sought their services. Factors observed to have potential to facilitate healing include psychological reassurance gained through incorporating familiar religious beliefs and paraphernalia and the therapeutic healing property of features of curanderismo practice, such as herbs used in many remedies. Negative effects may result from feelings of distrust, fear, and embarrassment engendered by seeking care from a curandero/a. Future research targeting the complexities of the relationship between Roman Catholicism and curanderismo might focus specifically on how negotiating this conflict of worldviews may affect health.

Selling the dream: Marketing an education

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the manner in which a Christian Brothers boarding school, founded in 1891 as an altruistic response to the socio/economic distress of Queensland’s Irish Catholics, undertakes the marketing of its educational product in a contemporary setting. St Joseph’s Nudgee College has displayed a remarkable capacity for compromise, balancing from its first year of operation the philosophical heritage of Irish Catholicism with the pragmatic aim of promoting social mobility amongst a group conscious of its outsider status. It is this inheritance of compromise that has ensured that there has been no perception that marketing an education in a religious institution raises any ethical dilemmas. This is even more remarkable given the evolution of the College into one of the State’s elite educational institutions, yet one still publically committed to education serving as an agent of social change. The challenge for the Development and Communications Department of the College is far more pedestrian than a clash of world views. For they operate in a milieu divorced from the traditional core business of the College and must therefore operate as promoters rather than producers of the institution’s core product of teaching.

Spiritual understandings of conflict and transformation and their contribution to water dialogue

Water management is conflict management, and has been since time immemorial. And yet models of conflict management of recent times regularly ignore the balance between rationality and spirituality that has prevailed in our thinking for millennia, relying almost entirely on the measurable. While this focus has been helpful, perhaps some part of the answer lies not in the world of rationality at all, but rather in the spiritual, ethical and moral dimensions of water conflict resolution, and that re-acknowledging the balance between the rational and the transcendent offers constructs for understanding and working with process. Acknowledging the balance between the quantifiable and the transcendent allows both for more coherent models of conflict transformation and for direct applications to water negotiations. This paper begins by setting the context of current understanding of water conflict and cooperation, then by documenting the geography of the ‘Enlightenment Rift’ – the process by which the global West/North has separated the worlds of rationality and spirituality – and the impact of this rift on ideas related to natural resources management. We continue with a discussion of the current clash of world views, and conclude with a section describing how the two world views might gently be interwoven, for example within a fairly universal construct of four worlds of perception, and how this construct might be employed within the framework of more effective water conflict management and transformation.

Clash of world views

Clash of world views

A seat at the table: Huston Smith in conversation with Native Americans on religious freedom

Preface The Indian Way of Story Introduction: The Primal Religions Huston Smith 1. The Spiritual Malaise in America: The Confluence of Religion, Law, and Community A conversation with Vine Deloria Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux) 2. Five Hundred Nations within One: The Search for Religious Justice A conversation with Walter Echo-Hawk (Pawnee) 3. Ecology and Spirituality: Following the Path of Natural Law A conversation with Winona LaDuke (Anishinaabeg) 4. The Homelands of Religion: The Clash of Worldviews Over Prayer, Place, and Ceremony A conversation with Charlotte Black Elk (Oglala Lakota) 5. Native Language, Native Spirituality: From Crisis to Challenge A conversation with Douglas George-Kanentiio (Mohawk-Iroquois) 6. The Triumph of the Native American Church: Celebrating the Free Exercise of Religion A conversation with Frank Dayish Jr. (Navajo) 7. The Fight for Native American Prisoners' Rights: The Red Road to Rehabilitation A conversation with Lenny Foster (Navajo) 8. Stealing Our Spirit: The Threat of the Human Genome Diversity Project A conversation with Tonya Gonella Frichner (Onondaga) 9. The Fight for Mount Graham: Looking for the Fingerprints of God A conversation with Anthony Guy Lopez (Lakota Sioux) 10. Redeeming the Future: The Two Instructions of Spiritual Law A conversation with Oren Lyons (Onondaga) 11. The Healing of Indian Country: Kinship, Custom, Ceremony, and Oratory A conversation with Vine Deloria Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux) Afterword Huston Smith Notes Bibliography Acknowledgments Index

Letters: Clash of Worldviews

Letters: Clash of Worldviews

AWAKENING TO OUR ROLE IN THE GREAT WORK

AbstractThomas Berry breaks new ground in The Great Work, with a reassessment of "wild" as it applies to both humans and nature. He challenges traditional western dualisms, showing how creative or chaotic energy is in continuous relationship with the stabilizing force of discipline or form. In his view of modern globalization, all conflicts reduce to the central tension between environmentalist and developer, a clash of worldviews and resource uses. Berry urges a serious rethinking of what it means to be human in order to break the deep entrancement with industrial civilization.

A Clash of Worldviews: Experiences From Teaching Aboriginal Students

(2000). A Clash of Worldviews: Experiences From Teaching Aboriginal Students. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 39, Global Education - Viewed From Around the World, pp. 111-117.

Clash of World Views A Textbook Controversy

Challenges by parents to textbooks are troubling to teachers and administrators. Parents feel they have a stake in decisions about the education of their children and are disturbed by educators' responses to their concerns. This article relates one controversy in which parents challenged a language-arts textbook series. The qualitative study is of the views of parents and educators from their points of view.

Cockfight in the cotton: A moral crusade in microcosm

Due to its unique socio-cultural heritage, Louisiana is one of only four states in which cockfighting is legal. During the 1980s various animal-rights advocacy groups have attempted to stigmatize and criminalize the activity. This situation has precipitated local and state-wide conflicts in which urban-cosmopolitan “progressive” New South boosters, allied with traditional and non-conventional animal-rights activists, are pitted against congeries of rural, blue collar “sports-men” who are, in turn, allied with state and national lobbying organizations of their own. Participant-observation, archival research, content analysis and life histories are used in the exploration of a clash of cultures, or more specifically, a clash of world-views. Not surprisingly, the present lobbying activity and proposed legislation contain many of the attributes of the prototypical moral crusade. In addition, the milieux of both cockfighters and reformers are described and contrasted.

Considerations on English Marxism

Edward Thompson and Perry Anderson are undoubtedly Britain's two most distinguished, living, socialist historians. They also share the distinction of each having served on the editorial committee of the New Left Review, probably the most influential English-language Marxist journal in the world today. And there, perhaps, the similarities end. For, in the 18 years that have passed since Anderson's 'New New Left' suc ceeded Thompson's 'Old New Left'1 to the editorship of the Review, the two have been divided by a series of differences, some personal, some political, some historiographical, and each compounding the others so that what may have begun as a difference of opinion has evolved into a clash of world-views.