Clash Detection Research Articles

Potential use of Augmented Reality in pre-contract design communication in construction projects

ABSTRACT The proactive management of a design can prevent design errors. Design changes can be mitigated by using Augmented Reality (AR) prototype digital models. However, the use of these models in construction is still in its infancy. Thus, this study assessed how AR could be used to overcome traditional pre-contract design communication related issues in construction. The study used a qualitative approach. The data required were collected through interviews conducted with experts in the fields of construction and information technology. Manual content analysis was used to analyse the collected empirical data. The study revealed that design communication issues could be related to architectural design, structural design, service design, and design collaboration. AR toolkit models, 360-degree model visualisation, walkthroughs, model registration, clash detection, and digital information overlays would minimise design communication issues, while AR features would enable design knowledge acquisition and negotiation. However, in construction, technical and social challenges are found to hinder AR implementation.

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НАЗЕМНОГО ЛАЗЕРНОГО СКАНИРОВАНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫМИ ДАННЫМИ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ОБЪЕКТА

An industrial object accumulates a great deal of information about its assets throughout its whole development period. This information is provided in the different drawings, passports, regulations, and other technical documentation. One of the common problems of most industrial objects is the disor-ganized storage of technical documentation on assets and its limited access to different industrial ser-vices. This greatly complicates the retrieval of information about the assets to ensure the steady opera-tion of the industrial object. As a consequence, one of the ongoing important tasks becomes the crea-tion of a unified source of up-to-date information about the object’s assets and the facilitation of the access to that data for all the participants of the project, construction, and operation process. Exactly these issues are tackled in the article alongside with the solutions based on using BIM and terrestrial laser scanning. This article also describes the types of BIM and detailed differences between them, the methods to form a BIM, as well as how the methods change at different stages of the life cycle. As well, the typology of tasks for which BIM solutions are applicable. TLS technology is described as a source of initial data for the formation of BIM. This article describes the results of the combined use of BIM and TLS at the stages of design, construction, and operation of an industrial object based on the implemented project. The article provides the result of clash detection in design documentation. The result of clash detection between designed and existing structures is also given. The article also provides the deviations at the construction stage of industrial objects, which were discovered. The ac-quired results demonstrated the effectiveness of using terrestrial laser scanning and BIM in engineering solutions.

The GeoModel tool suite for detector description

The GeoModel class library for detector description has recently been released as an open-source package and extended with a set of tools to allow much of the detector modeling to be carried out in a lightweight development environment, outside of large and complex software frameworks. These tools include the mechanisms for creating persistent representation of the geometry, an interactive 3D visualization tool, various command-line tools, a plugin system, and XML and JSON parsers. The overall goal of the tool suite is a fast geometry development cycle with quick visual feedback. The tool suite can be built on both Linux and Macintosh systems with minimal external dependencies. It includes useful command-line utilities: gmclash which runs clash detection, gmgeantino which generates geantino maps, and fullSimLight which runs GEANT4 simulation on geometry imported from GeoModel description. The GeoModel tool suite is presently in use in both the ATLAS and FASER experiments. In ATLAS it will be the basis of the LHC Run 4 geometry description.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Enhancing the Applying of Knowledge Areas in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry

Background: The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the sectors that contribute the most to the Palestinian economy. However, it now suffers from many problems, one of which is not adopting new innovations, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM recently achieved far reaching consideration in the AEC industry. Aim: This research aimed to understand the contribution of BIM to the enhancement and application of Knowledge Areas (KAs) in the AEC industry in Palestine. Methods: A quantitative survey was utilized in the pilot study. Thirty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed to respondents from the target group. The completed questionnaires were analyzed to test for statistical validity and reliability. After the pilot study, the questionnaire was validated and dispersed to the entire sample, comprising respondents from the target group who were selected by convenience sampling. Eighty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed, and 71 copies of the questionnaire were obtained from the respondents with a response rate of 88.8%. Results: To draw meaningful results, the gathered information was analyzed by utilizing quantitative data analysis techniques, including the RII, Pearson correlation analysis, and Factor analysis. Conclusion: The results illustrated the extent of enhancing the application of KAs in the AEC industry using BIM technology from the highest to lowest as follows: Cost Management (CM), Time Management (TM), Resource Management (REM), Procurement Management (PROM), Scope Management (SCM), Stakeholder Management (STM), Integration Management (IM), Quality Management (QM), Communication Management (COM), Risk Management (RM), and Safety Management (SM). As an example, BIM is effectively applied to each KA, and high efficiency is achieved when BIM is applied to TM by 4D modeling; to CM by 5D modeling; to REM by collaboration; to PROM by quantity takeoff; to SCM by element-base; to STM and IM by using integrated project delivery; to QM by using clash detection; to COM by centralized, structured data management, and information flow; to RM by constructability; and to SM by automated safety code checking.

Building Information Modeling and Building Knowledge Modeling in Project Management

Background: The key element for the success of construction projects in the era of technology and information is knowledge. Knowledge management in the construction sector has become a necessary and vital matter, starting with the planning stage, designing, implementing and ending with operation and maintenance stage. One of the most prominent features of knowledge in the construction sector is the building knowledge modeling (BKM). Problem: Although the design stage is considered one of the most important stages of the construction project in terms of eliciting the knowledge element, designers suffer from poor knowledge management, as well as their inability to exploit the capabilities and benefits of building information modeling (BIM), especially knowledge management. Objective: The main aim of this study is to present a conceptual model that integrates the basic principles of knowledge management with contemporary principles of BIM in the design stage and has the ability to store, classify and share the knowledge generated from past designs into future projects. Methodology: The research methodology is constructed on reviewing the pillars of the proposed conceptual model, namely: BKM parameters, BKM library, and BKM clash detection system, then a hypothetical case to prove the validity of the proposed conceptual model using Basmaya residential complex project in the Republic of Iraq is presented as a case study. Results: New four definitions are introduced: client knowledge, context knowledge, standards knowledge and technical knowledge. The conceptual model proposed in this study has shown great ability and high efficiency in improving and developing knowledge management in the design stage of buildings and projects. In addition, the knowledge stored in the BKM library can be reused in designing new projects in the future. Novelty: The conceptual model has the ability to update constantly itself over time by sharing the knowledge of designers, suppliers and other stakeholders.

Time and Cost Planning of a Housing Construction Project Using Building Information Modelling

Conventional ways of building construction process lack proper task scheduling and planning of the project work at the site resulting in poor monitoring of the whole process. Building information modelling (BIM) creates a platform where all the information of every single element of the construction process can be virtually integrated. The integration of 3D elements of a building model with its scheduled time and cost parameters results in 5D BIM. This feature enables the visualization, scheduling, planning, and monitoring and clash detection of all pre- construction, construction and post-construction processes of a building. The present study used the information of a live project of a traditionally built residential building which was remodelled using 5D BIM technique. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse the impact of 5D BIM on time and cost parameters of the live project.

Automatic Space Analysis Using Laser Scanning and a 3D Grid: Applications to Industrial Plant Facilities

While industrial plant projects are becoming bigger, and global attention to the plant as a construct is increasing, space arrangement in plant projects is inefficient because of the complex structure of required facilities (e.g., complex MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) installations, specialized tools, etc.,). Furthermore, problems during installation, operation, and maintenance stages caused by inconsistencies between floor plans and actual layout are on the rise. Although some of these conflicts can be addressed through clash detection using BIM (building information modeling), quality BIM models are scarce, especially for existing industrial plants. This study proposes a way to address the complexities caused by changes during plant construction and securing space for the installation of equipment during the construction and lifecycle of built facilities. 3D cloud point data of space and equipment were collected using 3D laser scanning to conduct space matching. In processing the space matching, data were simplified by applying the 3D grid and by comparing the data, easier identification of the space for target equipment was accomplished. This study also proposed a pre-processing method based on sub-sampling that optimizes the point cloud data and verifies the processing speed and accuracy. Lastly, it finds free space for various equipment layouts required in industrial plant projects by space analysis, proposed algorithms, and processes for obtaining the coordinates of valid space for equipment arrangement. The proposed method of this study is expected to help solve the problems derived from arrangement and installation of new equipment in a complex plant site.

Evaluation of practicality of virtual design and construction (VDC) with 5D building information modelling (BIM) through a case study

Virtual design and construction (VDC) is defined as the use of multi-disciplinary performance models for the purposes of design-construction projects. The use of VDC in construction projects enables the stakeholders to communicate and visualize the buildability and construction sequence which will impact on a project’s success in terms of delivery time and cost. This case study investigated the process of integrating different dimensions of information such as time scheduling (4D) and cost estimation (5D) with a 3D model to simulate a 5D Building Information Modelling (BIM) process. The study explored the application of VDC with 5D BIM for a commercial building, namely Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Sungai Long City Campus. Through this case study, it enables comparisons of a virtual model and an actual construction in order to evaluate the advantages, practicality, and limitations of the VDC applications. The 5D model provided comprehensive information to manage the complex design-construction process by considering its timeline and cost. Six modelling stages were undertaken, namely inputting and modelling, clash detection test, time scheduling, quantification and cost estimation, virtualization, and walkthrough of the model. The results revealed that the practicability of the 5D BIM was influenced by the modelling effort, inter-operability, information output and limitations. The study also showed that VDC with 5D BIM significantly reduced the technical barrier for clients to participate in construction project, thus increasing the clients’ satisfaction of the works by bridging the gap of perception and actual outcomes from the construction.

Towards Automating Clash Management Process in Design Build Industrialized Project s

The Malaysian government has been promoting the use of industrialized building system (IBS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Productivity Thrust of the Construction Industry Transformation Program CITP2016-2020. However, the rate of BIM adaptation is hampered when the AEC industry still relies very much on traditional drawings and management practices. The clash management becomes one of the major problems affecting 25%-30% of contract value and 10% project cost. This study is part of a larger study aiming to propose an automated clash management system that supports integration of local IBS products in a BIM process. This paper reports the documentation of the underlying traditional practices for clash detection and resolution in industrialized projects. This study used case study research methodology involving a design-build construction team of an industrialized hospital project. In-depth interviews were conducted on the management team including the project manager, the architect, the coordinating engineer, and the quantity surveyor. Inductive logic approach was used to collect and analyze the data for this study. Results include documentation of the clash detection until resolution of management decision process through distinctive clash lifecycle phases including the sequential activities of the project management team and the criteria for decision-making. These results are expected to contribute towards proposing a technology-based clash management framework that would support the development of an automated clash management system. This paper extends the Discontinuity-in-Organization theory for supporting knowledge transfers in complex lifecycle process.

Cost-benefit analysis of BIM-enabled design clash detection and resolution

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is increasingly deployed as part of the processes in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry projects. While the benefits of BIM have been extensively proclaimed, explicit justification in terms of direct cost savings for BIM implementation on real-life projects, particularly for clash detection BIM workstream, are not well documented. This paper proposes and demonstrates a methodology to prove how BIM-based clash detection leads to cost savings. A schema is developed based on literature review and industrial expertise to quantify cost savings achieved by the utilisation of BIM-based clash detection and resolution. This paper provides validation of the proposed schema on a major infrastructure project. The developed schema includes the categorisation of identified clashes based on stakeholder involvement and required actions. The validation used the estimated cost of clashes were those not resolved before site operations took place. This schema simplifies both the categorisation and cost estimation of clashes in design. Estimated savings yielded 20% of contract value using the schema, for the multi-million-dollar project case study, thus extending evidence of BIM savings and benefits. The schema improves the existing process and valorises clash detection, thus allowing stakeholders to conduct a cost-benefit analysis. In addition, the categorisation methodology allows prioritising on the most costly clashes, and draw lessons learnt for further projects. This schema opens the path towards a systematic methodology to appraise the benefits of different BIM uses or processes.

BIM AND VR/AR TECHNOLOGIES: FROM PROJECT DEVELOPMENT TO LIFECYCLE ASSET MANAGEMENT

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is becoming more and more an industrial standard for the AEC industry that can provide an integrated approach for effectively managing data and information throughout a project lifecycle. Planning, design, and construction phases of different types of projects can benefit from integrating other technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with BIM to enhance its functionalities, including virtual walkthrough, schedule visualization, clash detection, and as-built modeling. Additionally, asset management functions during the maintenance and operation phase of facilities and infrastructure can substantially benefit from this kind of integration. This paper will provide a comprehensive review upon several emerging technologies regarding (1) technological advancements reflected by software and hardware development, (2) applications in the design, construction and asset management through integration with BIM in all phases of projects, and (3) current state of research and practice. It will specifically, provide some limiting factors that prevent VR/AR from further deployment, including lack of GPS accuracy, complexity in development and unclear data security will be explained. Additionally, this paper will present the ben

Tolerance aware product development using an enriched hybrid digital mock up

Current practice in three-dimensional (3D) part construction and product assembly within a digital mock-up (DMU) is based on the nominal sizing of geometry. This approach does not reflect real part dimensions when they are manufactured or the assembly conditions as they come together during the final build. The value of virtual assembly planning (VAP) using clash and gap detection is therefore limited to modeling error identification within the computer-aided design (CAD) domain for nominal conditions only. VAP could become a significantly more powerful tool if the 3D representation of components within the DMU were more representative of ‘as manufactured’ dimensions. This paper presents the evolution and validation of an enriched DMU (EDMU) introducing the concept of the hybrid assembly which represents components in sizes which can range between upper and lower dimensional limits in addition to the nominally defined form. The resulting capability has been exploited to enable a designer to perform tolerance analysis in the CAD domain in advance of manufacturing planning, allowing tolerance consideration earlier in the design process as the DMU evolves. This has the potential to reduce the time, effort and computational load associated with the application of statistical tolerance analysis by methods engineers later in the product development cycle when the costs associated with change are higher.

Application of BIM in design conflict detection: a case study of Vietnam

Design conflict detection in construction projects is a very important task for ensuring the quality, time and cost. This job now has become more convenient due to the use of BIM. This paper proposes a process for BIM-based clash detection for introducing to the BIM practitioners in Vietnam. This process was then adopted in a complicated control house, which is a part of transformer station project in Vietnam, where the design was developed with 2D-CAD. The process discovered 36 design conflicts, including inconsistencies and geometric interferences. The results contribute as a proof-of-concept of BIM-based design conflict detection in Vietnam, where BIM is not very widely adopted.

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING AND RENOVATION PROJECTS IN KADUNA, NIGERIA

New construction features the most in studies on the advancement in digital technologies in contrast to existing buildings. The application of BIM for renovation projects is underdeveloped both in practice and in studies. This study assesses the level of awareness of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for renovation projects among building contracting firms in Kaduna, Nigeria to promote sustainable construction. A survey questionnaire focused on 33 contracting firms in Kaduna metropolis using purposive sampling. With a return rate of 75.8%, the level of BIM awareness was fair at 44%. Construction planning and constructability analysis were the dominant BIM application areas for renovation. Others include clash detection, quantity take-off and cost estimation. The main drivers include the availability of BIM software and clients’ interest in the use of BIM. Main barriers are unclear liabilities among parties, training costs and lack of BIM expertise. Although the study found evidence of BIM use for renovation projects within the study area, it, therefore, recommends upskilling of personnel through BIM proficiency courses supported by relevant professional bodies. Future research could examine ways to increase clients’ awareness of BIM for renovation projects to promote sustainable construction.

Automatic clash correction sequence optimization using a clash dependency network

Building information modeling has demonstrated its advantage to support design coordination, specifically for automatic clash detection. Detecting clashes helps us identify problems, but the process for solving these problems is still manual and time-consuming. This paper proposes using network theory to improve clash resolution by optimizing the clash correction sequence. Building systems are often interdependent of each other, and the dependency relations between building components propagate the impacts of clashes. Ignoring the dependency may cause new clashes when solving a clash or cause iterative adjustments for a single building component. However, a well-organized clash correction sequence can help reduce these issues. Therefore, it is necessary to holistically discuss the clash correction sequence by considering the dependence between clashes. This paper analyzes clash dependencies based on building component dependency relations. We design an optimization algorithm for determining the optimal sequence based on the clash dependency network to minimize feedback dependency, which may cause design rework on a project in project practice. The proposed method is validated on a real building project. After comparing with the natural sequence detected by commercial software, we find that the optimized sequence significantly reduces feedback and automatically groups dependent clashes, which facilitates design coordination.

Implementation of Building Information Modeling for Construction Clash Detection Process in the Design Stage: A Case Study of Malaysian Police Headquarter Building

The Malaysian government motivates constructor companies to use Building Information Modeling (BIM) on their projects because it can dominate problems such as design error, delay, and construction-overrun costs. This research also assesses the effect of BIM in the design phase of the construction process and how this technology can detect all existing clash in construction plans during the design phase. The research was carried out through a case study that contains an architectural, structural, and Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) BIM models and their following clash detection. The current study implemented Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Navisworks Manage as BIM tools to develop features to simplify and automatically clash detection process. The result from the case study analysis revealed that BIM is an appropriate tool for detecting clashes among the building elements. Therefore, constructability issues can be determined earlier during the design phase before the construction phase begins, controlling project cost, time, and having a seamless design to produce a better building.

Clash detection analysis with BIM-based software on midrise building construction project

The goal of this research is to conduct clash detection analysis using BIM-based software for construction of mid-rise building using the BIM technology. The research method implemented in this study is analysis of clash detection using building information modeling (BIM) software for structural, architectural, and MEP of mid-rise building in Jakarta. The result of this thesis is BIM-based 3D construction modelling, the analysis of clash detection which detected namely 104 clashes within overall models, and the estimate analysis of change in construction cost due to clash resolves with result of nearly 1% change of cost and quantity within structural, and MEP model.

Building information modeling and field operations: opportunities and challenges

Building information modeling (BIM) use in field operations to support daily activities during the construction phase is still lacking when compared with design and office-related activities like design, clash detection, estimating, and planning in the owner–architecture–engineering–construction (OAEC) industry. This study explores the use of BIM in field operations or lack thereof, identifies factors that either act as barriers to or promoters of BIM implementation in field operations, and identifies ways in which BIM implementation in field operations can be improved. The study was developed using a mixed-mode approach including case studies, interviews, and a survey, and using Lean construction-related literature to analyze the results. Findings support the importance of using BIM to visualize and plan field operations and prevent wasteful interactions between resources (workers, equipment, and time). Additionally, findings indicate that those who receive more training on BIM use tend to have more trust on its potential and use it more often.

A Seven‐Dimensional Building Information Model for the Improvement of Construction Efficiency

With the fast expansion of major cities in China, increasing scale, complex, and tall buildings have been built to meet the increasing commercial and living demand. However, the efficiency of project management and investment is not always satisfactory. To solve this problem, a seven‐dimensional building information model (7D BIM) is developed. To do this, a 3D BIM is firstly developed, which consists of architecture model, equipment model, steel framework model, other solid models, etc. Then, a 1D schedule management model and a 3D project management model (bidding management, enterprise quota management, and process management) have been integrated into the 3D BIM, thus forming a 7D BIM for a complex project. By providing a clear 3D vision in modeling the construction process, the proposed 7D model can be applied to help engineers/project managers carry out clash detection, structure design, modification, equipment installation, 3D project management, and maintenance after construction. The performance of this model has been demonstrated through a case study of a complex project launched in China. The study shows that the implementation of the 7D BIM has achieved significant cost and time saving as well as project quality and work efficiency improvement.

Can a fully integrated approach enclose the drainage system design and the flood risk analysis?

In recent years, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology has emerged as a pivotal approach for the design and management optimization of infrastructures. The need for fully integrated models has led to develop various tools to support the designers throughout the decision-making process of the entire life cycle of an infrastructure project. In particular, the design of transport infrastructures is a complex process that involves issues concerning all the different fields of civil engineering. In this framework, the BIM method can be efficiently applied to support the project of drainage systems capable of protecting railways and roadways from potential hydraulic risks. According to the above, this study presents an optimized BIM-based methodology for the integrated analysis of the flood risk and the design of the drainage system components. Specifically, the proposed method allows to implement hydraulics and hydrological numerical models as part of the different design phases. Such an approach holds two main advantages for the designer. On one hand, the computational modelling provides a decisive support in both defining water surface profiles over the designed area and identifying the spots exposed to major hydrological risks. On the other hand, the hydraulically guided modelling of each component of the drainage system allows for an increase of the overall productivity and efficiency of the project. A case study is presented to highlight the great potential of the proposed approach in ensuring both the integrity of datasets and the rapid clash detection of critical interferences between each system component. In conclusion, new perspectives about a fully integrated hydraulics analysis in the infrastructures design process are stressed out.