Clan Community Research Articles

Marga Belitang Dalam Pemerintahan Onder Afdeeling Komering Ulu : Dinamika Sosial dan Budaya

This research is a local historical research that explains the Belitang clan in the Onder Afdeeling Komering Ulu government in terms of the history and social and cultural dynamics of the community. Marga is a form of government which is currently at the level of a sub-district and was established during the Dutch colonial government. The main issues are first, what is the history of the formation of the Belitang clan and second, what are the social and cultural dynamics of the Belitang clan community. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with data collection through observation, documentation, interviews and literature study. The results of this research conclude that (1) The origins of the Belitang clan began with the oldest hamlet in the area with residents who were descendants of the original Lampung Pepadun tribe. The community in the village is led by a clan balancer, namely Ratu Bagus Baginda, and lives in the Tanjung Raya Palace. He proposed the establishment of a clan government system in Belitang to the Dutch government and it was inaugurated in 1930 AD. (2) The social and cultural dynamics of the Belitang clan community have actually existed since the time of the Palembang Sultanate, for this reason the customary rules that apply in the community are almost the same as the rules mentioned in the Simbur Cahaya Law.

Wedding Customs of the Lampung Pepadun Community in the Perspective of Islamic Education

Lampung traditional marriage ceremony, in its implementation, the marriage of the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community is carried out by Rasan Sanak or Sembambangan (elopement) and Rasan Tuho or Intar Sapon (parental approval). Lampung traditional wedding traditions are still many people who carry out wedding customs that do not comply with applicable customary regulations. In some Lampung wedding customs, there may be certain practices such as very high dowries, exchange of goods that are not in accordance with Islamic law, or certain traditions. who do not have basic Islamic education. This research aims to: Analyze and describe the implementation of the marriage customs of the Lampung Pepadun community in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan from an Islamic education perspective. This research is descriptive in nature which is analyzed qualitatively in order to describe or describe the condition of an object and then analyze it. This research was structured based on field research by collecting data through interviews, observation, documentation and from various literature related to this research study. In carrying out weddings, the people of Lampung Pepadun in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community always preserve and maintain the customs of intar payu, intar bright field, intar bright, intar manum and sebambangan. This form of tradition is in accordance with Islamic education, this is because the marriage customs of the Lampung Pepadun people in the Sungkai Bunga Mayang clan community are the formation of a Muslim personality, both containing teachings about personal or community attitudes and behavior, towards the welfare of individual and collective life, in accordance with Islamic education. which is individual education and community education.
 Keywords: Wedding Customs of Lampung, Islamic Education, Lampung Pepadun Community

Inheritance of power in the 21st century: legal mechanisms for the transfer of presidential powers to controlled viceroys and family members in authoritarian regimes

This study investigates the prevalence of presidential clans in authoritarian regimes, particularly in Central Asian countries, and their impact on political processes and power transitions. Different methodological approaches were used to study the role of the president, differentiate between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, and analyze post-Soviet clan communities. The research found that the governmental form influences the president's functions and powers, and that institutional reforms and elections in authoritarian regimes often serve to legitimize elite agreements. The study also examined power transitions in post-Soviet Central Asia, noting the importance of informal agreements and historical traditions in maintaining balance of power. However, it was revealed that the practice of transferring power within presidential clans hinders modern political processes and state development. The experience of power transitions in countries like Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan were considered, each exhibiting unique risks and advantages related to succession or dynastic inheritance. It was found that the elites of the post-Soviet republics operate based on traditions and historically formed the mechanism of power, which has become a key aspect in determining the balance of power. The practical value of the identified results is to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the transit of power, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

Examen de los salones de imágenes de Tang y Song Yingtang desde una perspectiva de sacrificio de clan

Abstract: During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the ordinary officials’ patriarchal clan gradually dominated the clan community. This phenomenon has destroyed the strict hierarchical sacrificial system. Therefore, as a new form of private sacrifice, the yingtang image hall appears in the ordinary officials’ residence or at ordinary people’s homes. At present, when a statue is replaced by an image, this new cultural symbol will lead every worshiper to reach social recognition psychologically and emotionally. Through the images or portraits hanging in the hall, the worshippers can confirm whether they can create a spiritual realm visually, so that they can communicate with their ancestors or tell their prayers.

The wheel of games and entertainment history

Games and entertainment, as a phenomenon, were present even in the clan community. From ritual games in the clan community, the games grew into agonistic games among the ancient Greeks, and already had an entertaining character among the ancient Romans. It is precisely the change in their character from agones to ludi, that leads us to wonder how games and entertainment have changed and developed through different eras of humanity, and not necessarily always in a positive direction. What challenges that society has faced throughout history have influenced the changing nature of games and entertainment? How did we get from Juvenal's recommendation that one should pray for a healthy mind in a healthy body to the age where computer games will find their place at the Olympic Games? Can computer games contribute to prayer for a healthy mind in a healthy body? Or is there only the prayer of loved ones for their healthy spirit and body... Has the term game lost its basic meaning over time, which refers to an action without any material gain? How important are play/game and fun/entertainment for each age group? Does fun take precedence over play? Does the NTC program of exercise through play, which is based on science, have an adequate place in modern society? Has professionalism devastated the essence of sports games? These are just a few questions from the wide range of questions this research addressed. The aim of the paper was to point out the importance of games and entertainment for society and the possible direction towards choices of games and entertainment that did not stray from ethics, our essence and us as human beings. The results of the work indicate that although the choices on an individual level are ours, the ever-faster wheel of history is leading us to dehumanization and alienation from people, play and entertainment in their basic meaning.

Fullness of Life in Mae Enga Traditional Religion and Christ the Life

The Mae Enga are friendly, hospitable, strong of character and different from the other groups of Papua New Guinea. Through a brief reflection on the traditional world-view centered life and on evaluation of their concept of life, the study forms a foundation for dialogue and inculturation.
 The material used in this article, beside the literature, is data collected during my research in 2020, via one-on-one interview (30 women and 30 men) and group discussions (10 women and 10 men) from two villages: Par and Yampu). A qualitative method was employed.
 The findings of the research show that the whole life of the Mae Enga is oriented towards reciprocal relationships with the entire universe to experience abundant life here on earth, within one’s own clan community. Despite the socio-cultural changes that influence their values, beliefs and attitudes, the “life” remains the central value but the ways of obtaining life have changed. The traditional religion is giving space to Jesus Christ the Life, who takes Mae Engans “beyond” their own clan and offers to them a new identity as followers of Christ, Ktaisanya Tata (Tribe of Jesus Christ).
 The presented reflection creates a space for dialogue between Christianity and culture. Jesus Christ enters the present Mae Enga socio-cultural reality in order to transform it, to offer a new identity and a new dimension in their search. In turn, the Mae Enga offer to the world the “Face of Christ” with its own cultural features and values, with its ways of worship and reconciliation.

Peran Komunikasi Pada Komunitas Bengkulu Beatbox Clan Dalam Memperkenalkan Musik Beatbox

Beatbox is a melodic fine art that spotlights on delivering cadenced sounds and rhythms, instruments, as well as impersonations of different sounds, for example, the sound of water beads, large motorbikes, robot sounds, strides, and particularly turntable sounds, through human discourse organs like the mouth, tongue, lips, and other discourse holes. This study means to decide the job of correspondence in the Bengkulu Beatbox Clan Community in Introducing Beatbox Music. The technique utilized is a subjective strategy and utilizations graphic information investigation. This study utilizes Laswell's Communication hypothesis which has 5 focuses, in particular 1. Who?, 2. Expresses out loud Whatever?, 3. In Which Channels?, 4. To Whom, 5.With What Effect?. The aftereffects of the review make sense of that theBengkulu Beabox Clan community in introducing beatbox music is by introducing the community by carrying out activities in the context of Beatbox and outside of Beatbox because introducing community identity with various activities is one strategy to attract members interest.
 Key Word: Communication, Beatbox, Bengkulu Beatbox Clan Community

중국 선진미학 발생의 역사적 배경 연구

The purpose of this thesis is to look at the conditions for the development of before the qin dynasty aesthetics by studying the historical background of before the qin dynasty aesthetics. The ancient slave society of China created a splendid Zhou dynasty culture by protecting and promoting the development of productive forces and preserving some excellent traditional customs of the clan community. The emergence of aesthetics and artistic activities in the ancient times cannot be separated from the consciousness of the value and dignity that goes beyond the satisfaction of animal desires by human beings themselves. Before the qin dynasty aesthetics was developed according to the rise of rationalism. Standing in the position of Confucianism and simultaneously absorbing the point of view of Taoism, 『Yizhuan』 connects the heavens and people with each other through the confrontation and unity of yin and yang. The concept of the universe, which contains nothing that is not included in yin and yang, was constructed. Based on this, the problem of the form of beauty and the law of beauty is being investigated considerably. Taken together, the spring and autumn period presented two main viewpoints. The research method was utilized by analyzing the old literature. Before the qin dynasty aesthetics shows very clearly the relationship between the problem of beauty and art and the problem of human nature.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF NOKHCHIANS/CHECHENS (REFLECTIONS, COMMENTS)

Chechen Chechen society historically consists of taipas (clan communities) united in tukhums (taip unions). Various sources give information on the total number of Chechen taipas, their names and the semantics of those names. However, these questions have not been thoroughly investigated up to this day. There is also no unequivocal understanding of the time of formation, and the role and function of Chechen taipa unions (tukhums). More than that, a trend has emerged in Chechen ethnology to deny the Chechen tukkhum as such. In this article, we offer our thoughts on these matters.

Kritik Ideologi terhadap Nilai Sosial Budaya Pernikahan dalam Novel Di bawah Bayang-Bayang Ode

This study aims 1. To gain an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic elements contained in Sumiman Udu's novel Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Ode. 2. To gain an in-depth understanding of the extrinsic elements contained in Sumiman Udu's novel Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Ode. 3. To gain an in-depth understanding of the social and cultural values of marriage in Sumiman Udu's novel Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Ode. 4. To gain an in-depth understanding of the ideological critique of the socio-cultural values of marriage in Sumiman Udu's novel Di Bawah Bayang-Bayang Ode. The method used in this research is qualitative research using a genetic structuralism approach. The ideological criticism in the novel “Di Bawah Bayang-Ode” is a rejection of the belief of the Ode clan community that requires marriage to other clans so that parents are forced to marry their children to other clans. This is not only a form of discrimination against social classes that do not have an Ode clan, but also does not reflect the morals of an Ode clan. Besides that, the existence of the title "Ode" in the Butonese people is still very much appreciated, so that the marriage is done forcibly. Problems that occur next, when living the behavior of the household. Feelings of dislike (hate) are still lingering in the minds of the family, on the basis that they are not only entitled "Ode". Keyword: Ideological Criticism, Socio-Cultural Values of Marriage, Under the Shadow of Ode

GENUS / FAMILY AS THE BASIS OF THE LIFE OF UKRAINIAN ETHNOSIS (BY FOLKLORE RESOURCES OF THE END OF THE 19TH TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

The purpose and objectives of our study are to consider the axiological values of the family in the traditional Ukrainian society of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century, based on the material of oral creativity. This is relevant in terms of studying and promoting the ethos values of Ukrainian society, its best ethnic traditions, and mental qualities. The values of the genus and the family were highly valued in the Ukrainian traditional society. They were the basis of the material and spiritual life of human. This homo-centricity was widely reflected in oral poetry, both prose and song. The image of the kindred (family) in Ukrainian folklore rises to the level of higher existential values of human. The importance of the genus and the family in folk culture, in particular folklore, was written by M. Kostomarov, P. Zhitetsky, M. Sumtsov, I. Franko, V. Hnatyuk, M. Gaidai, M. Pasyak, A. Dey, N. Shumada, V. Skrypnyk and others. In the verbal creativity, there were echoes of the generic structure of society, when the survival of primitive people was possible only in the collective ¬- tribal community. Joint work and residence required regulation of behavior, observance of the rules of coexistence. At this time, simple norms of morality were developed in the clan communities, which included patriarchal families: respect for the father (heads of the family) and elders, the burning of the younger and weak, the patriotism, the respect of the deceased, the family, collectivism. The concept of "genus", "family", "relatives", "native land", "homeland" in folklore are verbalized in the concept of "own"/"stranger". The greatest punishment in ancient times was expulsion from the family, abandonment, deprivation of relatives. In folk songs and other folklore genres depicted the subordinate position of a woman (young woman) in a new family, marginal status of an orphan, widow. In the sense of the homeland, country or family, there may be a hut, which in this meaning gathers the cabaret measurements both externally and internally (archetypes: house-field-temple). Through the genus, the family comes to realize the affiliation of the individual to a larger formation as the state, formed a sense of patriotism, love for their homeland. The high aspiration to the "proper", its merger with the existing, is found in the carol-loving world of an ideal peasant family, where peace, harmony and love prevail, each has its own purpose and scope of duties, behaves in accordance with established ages and sexual norms

Creating an Upbringing Space by Nomadic Preschool Educational Organization

Introduction. The problem of the research is the discrepancy between approaches to the use of socio-cultural resources of the modern sparsely populated Arctic region for preschooler’s upbringing with the possibilities of the upbringing space created at the initiative of a nomadic preschool educational organization. Nomads represent a special civilization. Children of nomads are physically developed: they have keen eyesight, good sense of smell and hearing, agility and quick reaction, etc. However, no attention is paid to the traditional indicators of the development, upbringing and socialization of a child, for example, the development of oral speech: the word is not the main means of solving life problems. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility and prospects of creating an upbringing space on the initiative of a preschool educational organization in an Arctic nomadic environment. Methodology and methods of the research. The research is based on the activity-based, anthropological and event-driven approaches. Research methods: study of pedagogical literature and the legislative base of changes in the education system of the Russian Federation, pedagogical observation of children, interviewing nomadic parents and educators. Analysis of the upbringing traditions of indigenous Arctic peoples. A description of some of the practices and results of upbringing a preschool child-northerner in the family, clan community is presented. The sources of the early formation of independence and responsibility for the surrounding area of the indigenous northern peoples are substantiated. Results of the research. A scientific idea has been developed for the creation and implementation in a nomadic region of an algorithm for creating an upbringing space, created at the initiative of a multi-age community of a nomadic preschool educational organization. The algorithm is based on the concept of interaction of special socio-cultural institutions of the Arctic territory. The main directions of activities of communities of different ages for the development of educational space are proposed: creation of conditions for the formation of an ideological level, a respectful attitude to nature as a component of the human environment with living natural objects; realization of the potential of the preserved ethnocultural experience, traditions of leisure and economic management of the nomadic Arctic peoples; mastering the traditions of family life, the role of father, mother, head of the clan. Conclusion. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the course of the development and implementation of the algorithm for creating an upbringing space, the characteristics of the personality of a northerner preschooler living in a nomad were systematized; the conditions are determined, the peculiarities of creating an upbringing space on the initiative of a nomadic pre-school educational structure are substantiated; methodological materials have been developed that reveal the features of the reproduction of the proposed algorithm for creating an upbringing space. Prospects for the practical application of the research results. The results can be used in municipalities with similar territorial features for organizing nomadic preschool education and upbringing.

Methodological Aspects of the Problem of Personality in the Period of Greek Classics

Among Russian and foreign researchers, there are opposite points of view regarding the existence or absence of personality in classical antiquity. Thus, this article is devoted to the study of methodological aspects of the problem of personality in the period of Greek classics. In particular, the articles examines the views of O. Spengler and A.F. Losev, who reject the existence of a full-fledged personality in classical antiquity. The author argues that neither the first thesis of A.F. Losev that in ancient Greece of the classical period “slave labor was the leading economic factor” nor his second thesis about “commodity production, which replaced the subsistence economy of the old clan community,” are valid. Therefore, a conclusion (that was made by A.F. Losev on the basis of these theses) about a specific understanding of man as a thing and a living body in antiquity becomes also invalid. The development of personality in classical antiquity was inextricably linked with the development of democracy, where a free-born member of polis (city-state) acted as a self-valuable person. This person had its own historical identity, formed by the culture and structure of society. In particular, the ancient Greeks were characterized by one of the main qualities of the personality - the awareness of their own freedom, the right to choose. At the same time, this self-awareness was limited and opposed both to other poleis and the unfree and dependent population within the polis itself -women, metics, and slaves. In answering positively to the question of the existence of personality in the period of the Greek classics, we should avoid the other extreme - identification between the experience of the spiritual life of the individual in the modern era and in the classical period.

ORGANIZATION OF THE LIVING SPACE ON THE SEVERIAN VODYANE HILL-FORT

The organization of the living space in the Romenska culture part of Vodyane hill-fort in Zmiiv district of Khakiv oblast is analyzed in the paper. The hill-fort occupies the edge of plateau and a high cape of the right bank of Uda River; it existed during two periods: the Early Iron Age — mid. 5th—4th cent. BC (the forest-steppe culture of Sсythian Age) and Early Middle Ages — the Romenska archaeological culture. In the latter period only the northern part of the site was inhabited (0,5 ha). The Severian neighboring community lived here for 50—60 years (within the 10th — beginning of 11th centuries). A total of 11 dwellings, 2 household buildings, 3 open heating systems (cookhouses), vault, 6 household pits (one of which was used for food storing) were discovered on the hill-fort.
 In the Severian time the hill-fort was built by rows/lines of houses from the southern east to the northern west with the consideration of the topographic level of each separate row. Three building lines are watched and the southern one was probably the earliest. First researchers recorded the entrance to the hill-fort on the west edge of the cape with a rampart. The absence of objects and, practically, of cultural layer in the south-western corner of the yard and along the considerable part of the western edge of the cape provide an opportunity to offer the organization of the living space of the settlement. From the entrance to the hill-fort, the road ran along the western edge of the cape, and the passes between rows of houses were located to the south from this road.
 At least 6 homesteads stand out on the hill-fort. 3 more homesteads can be defined based on the presence of cavities on the site surface. It points to the fact that the organization of the living space on Vodyane hill-fort in the end of the 1st millennium is defined by linear character (by rows) with elements of homestead building. It corresponds to the late period of the Severians’ development, when clan community was replaced by neighboring one.

Karakter Bentuk Hunian Suku Rejang Di Daerah Rawan Gempa (Studi Kasus: Desa Gunung Alam, Kabupaten Lebong)

<p class="Abstract"><em>The knowledge of building housing by the Rejang </em><em>clan</em><em> in Gunung Alam Village by trial and error using local materials as well as a simple way of reflecting the uniqueness of the form of shelter in the Rejang clan community residing in mountainous rural areas. The focus of this research is to identify the relationship between the form of shelter and the realization of anticipation of occupancy as its role as adaptive shelter in earthquake prone areas. This research is a qualitative descriptive study describing the form of occupancy of the Rejang Clan by exploring the configuration of the building and its structural system to understand the form of occupancy of the Rejang Clan as an adaptive building in earthquake prone areas. The adaptability of the Rejang clan as a shelter in earthquake-prone areas has been implemented through the form of houses on stilts which have a ratio of widths and lengths of buildings 1: 2 with symmetrical and simple spatial arrangements. Ratio of balanced heights in each structure. However, the use of nails has been found in homes and the addition of space that forms a new mass behind the original mass of housing with brick material becomes a risk in the event of an earthquake in the future. Even so, the Rejang Clan occupancy in Gunung Alam Village is still strong to be inhabited by the Rejang Clan and is adaptive in responding to earthquake shocks.</em><em></em></p>

PENDIDIKAN NILAI SOSIAL BUDAYA DALAM KELUARGA DAN LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT SUKU NUAULU DI PULAU SERAM

This study aimed to revea l the information about educational of Nuaulu clan communities in Ceram Island, Central Maluku regency which still hold their high socio-cultural value. How do they pass, teach and construct all socio-cultural value to their next generation in order they can still maintain what they have so it can grew together one another in peace and harmony? To answer these questions, the researcher needed to explore more detail in understanding about Nuaulu clan in socio-cultural educational in their family and environment around them. Research metodologi used in this research was qualitative research by using study cases appropriate. Based on the analysis of issue, the researcher stateted the key informants were selected by purposive with snowball sampling based on the consideration of the fasibility and research purposes, namely the case of the five family of Nuaulu clan which have a central role in the lives of community of Nuaulu clan. While the supporting informants were those who consider worthy of giving information related to the research objectives.
 Based on the result of the data, Education and Socio-cultural Value (ESDV) with in the families and the rest of Nuaulu society had been done through ritual of traditional ceremony as signed to meet and individual growth in their live especially since pregnancy (9 months), birth, adult (women and men) and marriage as well as their characteristic of the seven elements of culture. The result of this research shown that there were several meaningful traditional ceremonies and characteristics Nuaulu clan. The great value was relefan, integrative and contributive to the socio-cultural value of education, so it needs to be developed.

Filozofowie, skandaliści i etnarchowie – twórcy literatury czarnogórskiego oświecenia

Philosophers, Scandalists and Ethnarchs – the Authors of the Montenegrin Enlightenment Literature This present article is devoted to an issue of assimilation and adaptation of the philosophical tendencies and literary patterns of the European enlightenment in Montenegrin literature which was established in 18th century in difficult internal circumstances and during constant threat to the independence of the country. Key advocates of the rationalistic, democratic and anticlerical demands were mainly descended from the romanized Adriatic communities and obtained their education in Western Europe –transplanting into native ground the ideas of the free mind and conscience, religious tolerance, just politics, reform of the state or general education. In the context of the above-mentioned and similar categories the works of Stefan Zanović, Jovan Baljević, Katerina Radonjićand other authors were considered. The special example of taking advantage of the enlightenment paradigm are texts of the bishops and political rulers from the PetrovićNjegošdynasty –their attitude was formed through the necessity of the defence of the legal-state interest and fidelity to the Christian ethic. As a case of such a meaning of the civilizing mission in the environment of disintegrated Montenegrin tribes Petar I was presented. Especially his messages to the clan communities contain many didactic appeals which are faithful to the enlightenment vision of the man and society.

Damage Compensation for Indigenous Peoples in the Conditions of Industrial Development of Territories on the Example of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic

In the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, hereinafter SR, the Arctic zones are the original habitat of indigenous peoples, who can conduct economic activities only in undisturbed or lightly disturbed lands. From this point of view, the problem of compensation for losses of indigenous peoples as a result of industrial development of territories is of particular relevance. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the main problems of indemnification of losses of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North (ISNPN) during the industrial development of the traditional natural resource management territories (TNRMT). The study was conducted using historical, geographical, analytical, synthetic, and statistical methods. In the Arctic zone, the diamond mining, gold mining, and coal mining industrial facilities are located inside TNRM areas. In the near future, it is planned to revive the tin industry, develop oil and gas fields on the continental Arctic shelf, and develop the Tomtor Complex Rare-Earth Deposit. In 2010, a law of the SR was passed: “On Ethnological Expertise in the Places of Traditional Residence and Traditional Economic Activities of the Peoples of the SR”. To date, in the ethnological examination of SR, we have investigated 13 investment business projects. In the course of the investigation, it turned out that most of the comments from both experts and tribal communities concern the section of compensation for damages. The official methodology developed on materials from the polar regions of the western part of Russia cannot be extrapolated to the entire territory of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. It is necessary to develop regional methods for calculating losses of indigenous peoples, which regulate the interaction of subsoil users with the authorities and representatives of the clan communities engaged in traditional crafts.

Mongolian Trace in the Criminal Penalties Institute in Buryat Society of the Russian Empire in XIX Century

The article is devoted to a scientific study of the criminal penalties status in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in its outlying areas, in particular Transbaikal territory, mainly populated by the Buryats. The modern local institution of criminal penalties is justly criticize due to unsatisfactory implementation of criminal responsibility and the failure to achieve the main goals of penalties in society. The solution of pending problems in this field is impossible without taking into account, both historical and positive foreign experience. Empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectic logic. It is interesting to see the experience of criminal penalties in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in Buryat society, which seamlessly combine both Russian traditions and the customs of the neighboring Mongolian state. Legal regulation of the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in the XIX century, in the context of preventing criminal acts is based on the peculiarities of delineation of legal proceedings depending on categories of the crimes committed. As the study reveals, prevention of new crimes in the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in XIX century (in the Buryat society) and correction of the offender were achieved primarily through public institutions (local government, tribal and clan communities). We believe that in modern conditions, along with the state institutions of subjects of prevention, the possibility of preventive measures by the mentioned institutions should not be discounted.

Korean traditional beliefs and renewable energy transitions: Pungsu, shamanism, and the local perception of wind turbines

Wind farms are constructed in mountainous rural villages where indigenous elderly people believe in Korean traditional beliefs such as pungsu (fengshui or geomancy) thought and shamanism. Built upon mixed qualitative methods, this research examines the relationship between traditional beliefs and local opposition to wind farms. First, the interpretation of mountains and wind based on pungsu clashes with favorable discourses on wind turbines. From the pungsu viewpoint, the wind turbine is considered similar to the iron stakes driven into renowned Korean mountains by Japanese imperialists to block the national spirit of Korea during the Japanese colonial era. A straight, strong wind with high-energy efficiency for wind power generation is considered inauspicious in terms of pungsu. Second, pungsu in local opposition to wind farms is prominent in clan communities in mountainous inland areas with a high proportion of elderly people. Third, senses are associated with shamanism in shaping the elderly’s perception of wind turbines. The noise and lights of wind turbines is a reminder of past memories related to ghosts or dokkaebi (a Korean goblin). Thus, pungsu and Korean shamanism present a unique story that is absent in Western debates on wind farms.