Civilization Construction In China Research Articles

Problems and Countermeasures of Urban Ecological Civilization Construction in China

The construction of urban ecological civilization is an important part of the construction of a beautiful China. There are some problems in the construction of urban ecological civilization in China, such as the weakness of ecological consciousness, the dislocation of the political achievements, and the imperfect institution. The article will discuss the approaches and strategies of urban ecological civilization construction from the perspective of consciousness, economy, environment, institution, and carry out systematic optimization, in order to speed up the pace of urban ecological civilization construction, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, build a beautiful China, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Evaluation of Agricultural Ecological Security in Hubei Province

Abstract: With the promotion of agricultural ecological civilization construction in China, agricultural ecological security has received increasing attention. How to ensure agricultural ecological security has become a great concern for many scholars. As an important agricultural province in China, Hubei is of great significance to Chinese food security and agricultural sustainable development. This paper aims to establish an index system of agricultural ecological security and security classification of Hubei via Analytic Hierarchy Process and Pressure-State-Response methods. An evaluation of agricultural ecological security in Hubei, with a base of the national average value in 2015, reveals that the security degree has increased by 0.07566 from 0.90150 in 2005 to 0.97716 in 2015. Results show that agricultural ecological security in Hubei has improved but failed to reach the national average and there is still large space for improvement of the security level, considering a trend of deterioration in s...

The Current Situation and Task of Ecological Civilization Construction in China

The Current Situation and Task of Ecological Civilization Construction in China

梧州市下小河流域水生态补偿初探及政策建议

以梧州市下小河流域为例，提出了下小河流域水生态补偿内容、途径、方式、补偿主体与客体和标准，从补偿范围、类型、内容和方式4个方面初步建立了下小河流域水生态补偿框架体系。结合目前国内关于水生态补偿的现状和研究成果，提出了实施水生态补偿的6点政策建议：一是建立健全水生态补偿立法；二是把握水生态补偿的几个重要关系；三是提高财政转移支付力度，拓宽资金来源；四是完善水生态补偿的管理体制；五是加强公众对水生态补偿的认知与参与；六是加强水生态补偿科学研究与试点工作。水生态补偿作为生态补偿的关键环节，关系到我国水生态文明建设实施的具体成效。研究结果可为梧州市水生态补偿乃至区域水生态补偿机制构建提供一定的科学依据。 The content, way, method, subject and object and standard of water ecological compensation were put forward, and the framework of water ecological compensation system in the Xiaxiaohe basin was established from four aspects of compensation scope, type, content and mode. Combination the present situation and research results of water ecological compensation in China, six policy suggestions on the implementation of water ecological compensation were proposed. The first is to establish and improve water ecological compensation legislation, the second is to grasp several important ecological compensation, the third is to increase the ecological compensation for the financial transfer payments, the fourth is to improve the management system of water ecological compensation, the fifth is to strengthen publicity and education, to enhance the stakeholders of water ecological compensation awareness and participation, and the sixth is to strengthen the scientific research and experimental work of water ecological compensation. As the key link of ecological compensation, water ecological compensation is related to the implementation of water ecological civilization construction in China. It will provide a scientific basis for the construction of water ecological compensation in Wuzhou city and region.

Spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management for mercury in soils from a typical contaminated site, China.

Due to rapid urbanization and the implementation of ecological civilization construction in China, many industrial factories have been closed or relocated. Therefore, numbers of contaminated sites were generated with contaminated soils which may pose a risk to receptors living nearby. This study presented a spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management policy making for mercury (Hg) in soils from a typical contaminated site in the Hunan Province, central China. Compared with the second class value (0.3mg/kg) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the mean concentrations of Hg in the three soil depths exceeded the second class value. The non-carcinogenic risk of Hg probably posed adverse health effects in 41, 30 and 36% of the surface soil, the moderate soil and subsoil, respectively, under a sensitive land scenario. The non-carcinogenic risk temporarily posed no adverse health effects in most areas under an insensitive land scenario except for the area around sampling site S29. Spatially, the central, southwest and northeast parts of the contaminated land under a sensitive land scenario should be regarded as the priority regions. For non-carcinogenic effects, the exposure pathways that resulted in the higher levels of exposure risk were ingestion and inhalation of vapors, followed by dermal contact and inhalation of particles. A risk-based integrated risk management policy including the hierarchical risk control values for different soil depths and the calculated remediation earthwork was proposed with consideration of the cost-benefit effect for the related decision-makers.

Analysis on the Ecological Basis of Resource Recycling

Resource recycling is one of the most important content of ecological civilization construction in China, which is beneficial to reduce the overuse of primary resources exploitation, to reduce the environmental pollutions during the process of resource extraction and waste disposal, and to realize the sustainable development of human economy and society. Resource recycling is a reflection of ecological economic development. Ecology provides a theoretical support for the resource circulation industry development. The ecological theories have played a guiding role. However, there are not enough academic researches to systematically summarize and analyze the relation and connection between ecology and resource recycling. Therefore, we based on the ecological theories to analyze the theoretical basis and application for resources recycling. The results showed that the ecological threshold theory, ecological balance theory, Overall hierarchy theory, the food chain (web) theory, niche theory and so on can be used to explain the resource circulation system such as resources recycling building concepts, resources recycling industry development foundation and the government's role in promoting resources circulation process. Based on the application of ecological theory for constructing the resource circulation system, further analysis of the scientific laws for the government regulation may help understand the concept of resource circulation and essence of circular economic system operation.

Eco-benefits assessment on urban industrial symbiosis based on material flows analysis and emergy evaluation approach: A case of Liuzhou city, China

Chinese government promotes ecological civilization in the “13th five year planning” (2016–2020) period. As a result, ecological impacts become highlight in the national circular economy practices. To apply the eco-industrial development strategy to address the intertwined industrial and regional economic development, as well as related environmental and ecological challenges is key point. Urban industrial symbiosis provides a novel approach to realize the above expectation. Traditional evaluation on circular economy provided critical environmental insights, while to date, ecological evaluation has been rather few for urban industrial symbiosis promotion. With this circumstance, this paper developed an integrated material flows analysis (MFA) and emergy evaluation model to investigate the environmental and ecological benefits of urban industrial symbiosis implementation in one typical industrial city in China. Local oriented urban industrial symbiosis network was analyzed. Inter flows and related environmental benefits of symbiotic network were quantified with MFA, and further ecological impacts were evaluated with emergy approach and the designed emergy index. From the environmental perspective, results highlighted, in general, urban industrial symbiosis generated significant life cycle environmental benefits, especially the reduction of upstream resource mining and downstream waste disposal within the regional metabolism. In total, around 204.7 million tons ore mining, 6.9 million ton solid waste and 2.3 million tons CO2 emissions were reduced per year. From the ecological perspective, total emergy input was reduced by 1.3×1022 sej, which reflected the reduction of ecological burden. Particularly, as a key indicator for ecological lost caused by pollution, dilution emergy was decreased by 2.5×1016 sej, resulting from carbon mitigation co-benefit of urban industrial symbiosis. This paper provided modeling approach to understand the ecological benefits and trade-offs of circular economy practices, and critical insights on regional eco-industrial development. It will shed a light on ecological civilization construction in China in the new national planning period.

An integrated indicator on regional ecological civilization construction in China

China has come up with ecological civilization as one of major goals to improve its ecological sustainability during development in future. Under this broad framework, social, economic and natural ecosystems are expected to develop in harmony. However, there is lack of evaluation mechanism for this newly proposed strategy. Therefore, in this article, ecosystem services, Ecological Footprint and gross domestic product per capita were selected in order to reflect the resource endowment, human occupation on natural capital, and the economic growth. Thus, an integrated indicator was constructed from the three indexes based on the linear correlation among them, and we provided comprehensive evaluation on ecological civilization construction in the provinces and municipalities in China in 2010. When it comes to the indicator of ecological civilization construction, Hainan province has the greatest value which is 0.5091 and Beijing municipality has the smallest value which is 0.0377. At last, the article analyzed the ecological pressure and efficiency in ecological civilization construction in China. The results contribute to scientific and objective evaluation of regional ecological civilization construction in order to properly make decisions and take actions.

Exploring Ecological Land Reclamation to Promote the Ecological Civilization Construction in China

Homeland is the spatial carrier of ecological civilization construction, to optimize the land space patterns is one of the main tasks of the ecological civilization construction. Land reclamation is one of the main ways of our land resources development and utilization. This paper discusses the main problems about land reclamation, analyzes the important role of ecological reclamation in promoting the ecological civilization construction. Basic direction and suggestions of ecological reclamation are proposed in order to promote the ecological civilization construction in China.

Ecological Civilization Construction in China：Origins, Concepts and Paths

This paper is a first step towards articulating a Chinese version of ecological civilization construction (short for ECC). Three major intellectual sources of ecological civilization are identified and the constraints from resources and environment on economic development are emphasized. The concept framework of ECC contains four aspects: the subjects, the objects, the means and the scope. The subjects have five main types: the governments, the entrepreneurs, the families, the NGOs and other mixed ones. The objects involve in various type of ecosystems.The means can be used by education, plan, institution, technology and fund. The scope is stratified five spatial levels: the earth, the nations, the regions, the prefectures, and the communities. Moreover, four paths of ECC are highlighted: resources conservation and saving, environmental protection and improvement, ecological protection and restoration and territorial development and protection.

传统生态知识的民族生态学分析框架

传统生态知识是民族生态学研究的核心范畴，国外已有多年的研究基础，国内的相关研究正是方兴未艾。通过文献查询和比较分析等方法，介绍了国外已有的传统生态知识的民族生态学分析框架的3个模型：知识-实践-信仰的三角形框架；本土经验知识-资源管理知识-社会制度知识-世界观知识的四椭圆框架；事实观察-管理体系-旧有及当下利用-伦理价值-文化特征-宇宙观的五边形框架。结合田野调查研究，提出了一个立体的传统生态知识的民族生态学分析模型，强调了传统生态知识的动态特征，将民族对于自然的被动认识和主动认知、民族人际关系规范、民族的哲学与伦理等方面所呈现出的传统生态知识进行了分类，从而为民族生态学的调查研究提供了方法上的建议。最后总结了这个立体的传统生态知识分析框架的意义，并建议在我国的生态文明建设中发展和应用民族生态学。;This article argues that Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is a core domain of ethnoecology, which is at the stage of rapid development and one of the forefronts of ecology. Ethnoecology is applied to biodiversity conservation and relevant academic papers and conferences recently increase. Drawing on field research that documents cognitive difference in the perception of the environment and ecological resources, it has been demonstrated that various epistemological modes exist. Consequently, the diversity natural resource management methods observed across the world arise from the diversity of local knowledge of the surrounding ecosystems and resources. Internationally, TEK is a long-standing and fully developed research field and scholars have proposed several analytical frameworks that help advance the theoretical development of ethnoecology. However, research on this topic in China is still in its infancy. Although there are a few research results, both the extent and scope of TEK research in China need to develop in order to capture traditional ecological knowledge found in China's rich biological and cultural diversity. Various forms of Chinese TEK have been observed and classified, however local and novel analytical frameworks remain scarce. Through literature review and comparative analysis, three of the existing overseas TEK analysis frameworks are introduced in this paper: <em>Triangular framework of knowledge-practice-belief; Four concentric ellipses for empirical knowledge, resource management systems, social institutions, and worldview; Pentagonal framework for factual observations, management systems, past and current use, ethics and values, culture and identity, and cosmology</em>. Based on the above existing frameworks and combined with our field research, this article puts forward the <em>Three-dimensional analytic hierarchy model of traditional ecological knowledge from the perspective of ethnoecology</em> and emphasizes the dynamic characteristics of TEK. It suggests that ethnicity being an inseparable part of an objective biological world creates space for subjective yet real knowledge of the ecology and environment. Ethnic group is both the creator and user of traditional ecology knowledge. Ethnic group's subjective understanding of the nature including human and biological world constitutes its ethnic ecology knowledge, which is the first aspect of ethnoecology focuses on. Going beyond direct knowledge of ecological facts, ethnic groups develop natural resources management systems to proactively respond to and reformate the nature and create social and legal norms to regulate behaviors to appropriate natural resources. Ethnic group's natural resources management systems and social norms are the second and the third aspects that ethnoecology research should focus on. The natural resource management models are created and embedded in a larger word-view and philosophy held by the ethnic group. Ethnic group's spiritual world is the fourth aspect of ethnoecology research. The Three-dimensional analytic framework in this article provides a thorough ethnoecological perspective for researching TEK as the passive and active cognition of nature, natural resources management, social institutions, and understanding of spiritual world. The existing differences among different ethnic groups' world view and spiritual belief should not be overseen. However, those differences can be accommodated and addressed by this research framework. Finally, the paper draws the conclusion that the three-dimensional analytical framework of TEK can be applied as ethnoecology develops its function in the context of the ecological civilization construction in China.

区域生态文明建设水平综合评估指标研究

2007年中国政府提出“生态文明”建设以来，已批准了三批52个生态文明建设试点。生态系统与社会经济发展的复杂性要求科学、客观地评估区域生态文明建设，以便科学地决策和行动。区域生态文明建设是一个复合的过程，其核心在于社会-经济-自然复合生态系统各组分的和谐进步。因此，基于生态系统服务（ES）、生态足迹（EF）和人均GDP3个指标，以及这3个指标所代表的资源禀赋、人类对自然生态系统的占用、经济增长之间的线性逻辑关系，构建综合性相对指数；并以此对2010年中国大陆各省（市、直辖市）的生态文明建设水平进行了综合评估，其中，海南省的生态文明建设指数最大，为0.5091，北京市的指数最小，为0.0377；最后，分析了2010年中国大陆各省（市、区）生态文明建设的生态压力和生态效率，北京、天津和上海3个直辖市处于低资源禀赋高资源消费状况，全国大多数省（市、区）处于低消耗和低产出的阶段，经济增长尚有较大的潜力。;As the demand for natural resources is growing rapidly, along with rapid population growth, ecological and environmental problems have increasingly become the bottlenecks of sustainable development of China. In 2007, the Chinese government put forward ecological civilization construction, and now 52 cities have been selected as Ecological Civilization Cities pilot sites. Recently, it also proposed to Vigorously Promote the Construction of Ecological Civilization, which means ecological civilization should be conducted with the civilization of politics, economy, society and culture, simultaneously and equally importantly. With the concept of balancing the relationship between society development and nature protection, ecological civilization construction has already guided local sustainable development in many regions. However, due to the complexity of ecosystems and socioeconomic systems, it needs to scientifically evaluate the progress of regional ecological civilization construction. Then, it can help decision-makers and also can scientifically guide local sustainable development. Ecological civilization construction is an integrated process, and its core content is to keep in harmony development of all the components in the complex social-economic-natural ecosystems. Therefore, in this paper, s ecosystem services (ES), ecological footprint (EF) and gross domestic product (GDP) were selected in order to reflect the resource endowment, human occupation on natural capital, and the economic growth. Thus, an integrated indicator was constructed from the three indexes based on the linear correlation among them, an integrated indicator was constructed, which can comprehensively evaluate local ecological civilization construction. <br>Based on the integrated indicator, 31 provinces were assessed on their progress of ecological civilization construction in China, in 2010. Then, we calculated ecosystem services, ecological index and the integrated indicator in each province. According to the results, we finally analyzed their ecological efficiency and ecological pressure during the process of ecological civilization construction. The results showed that Hainan province has the biggest indicator of 0.5091 while Beijing has the smallest indicator of 0.0377, which meant the potential capacity of ecological civilization construction of Hainan province is largest while Beijing had the least potential. This paper also analyzed the ecological efficiency and ecological pressure of ecological civilization construction of each province in China. It illustrated that, if human occupation on natural capital was low in one region, it can provide more goods and services to promote local sustainable development thanks to its healthy ecosystem; if human occupation is on a high level, its sustainable development capacity was relatively worse although the local ecosystem services were higher. However, if human occupation reached a very high level, their local development relied heavily on external input, and their sustainability was the worst.

Relationship between Ecological Civilization and Balanced Population Development in China

Abstract Population is the basic and essential factor o f sustainable development. Balanced population development is playing an important role in promoting ecological civilization construction in China. This paper discusses the relationship between ecological civilization and balanced population development from three layers: coordination of population size with environmental carrying capacity, coordination of population distribution with regional sustainable development, coordination of population structure with ecological civilization construction. Promoting the long-term balanced development of population is the requirement of ecological civilization construction and sustainable development in China.