Role Of Civil Society Research Articles

How are political parties in Indonesia responding to the environmental crisis?

The environmental issues of living have become a crucial issue in the development of Indonesia in the last few decades. The issue of environmental management has been a narrative that has always been debated in political controversy events since the collapse of the Soeharto regime, and is still a very difficult homework to solve by the post-Suharto regime. Democracy also continues to push for improvements in environmental governance such as strengthening the role of civil society in overseeing state policies, increasingly sharp media role in investigating environmental damage and corrupt policies, and increasingly open public awareness. Environmental issues such as mining policies, the displacement of forests, the grinding of sea sand, mollusks and so on seem to be not very prominent in political party discussions. Even life-related issues are not central to political parties. Very few political parties put environmental issues in their vision and mission, which is why the study focuses on political narrative and how intensely political parties raise environmental themes in political party discussions in Indonesia. The political approach to the living environment is the basis of this study which is elaborated with netnographic studies to review the political narrative of the life environment by the party.

Designing an Optimal Model for the Role of Civil Society in Crime Prevention within the Iranian Criminal Justice System

The present study aims to design an optimal model for the role of civil society in crime prevention within the Iranian criminal justice system. To address this issue, a qualitative research strategy utilizing thematic analysis was employed. The research data were collected through semi-standardized interviews with 12 experts in the fields of criminal law and criminology, who were selected using theoretical sampling. The data were analyzed through thematic network analysis, and a conceptual network measurement model was constructed. The findings from the qualitative research indicated that the design of an optimal model for the role of civil society in crime prevention within the Iranian criminal justice system includes the overarching theme of: 1) External strategies, which encompass updating and resolving legal and regulatory issues, adopting preventive criminal policy, addressing implementation problems, strengthening the position of civil society, enhancing social capital within the community, promoting public education and awareness, and resolving socio-economic issues; and 2) Internal strategies, which consist of applying knowledge management in crime prevention and strengthening the structure and management of civil society institutions. Additionally, to validate the constructed themes and model, two methods were used: the communicative validation approach and the auditing method. For reliability assessment, two methods were employed: repeatability and transferability.

The Impact of Civil Society and Social Movements on Advancing Democracy and Protection of Human Rights in Africa

This research paper examines the role of civil society, including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and social movements, in promoting democratic governance and protecting human rights across Africa. It explores the various ways civil society actors contribute to a stronger Pan-African democratic landscape, while acknowledging the challenges they face. The paper will discuss how NGOs advocate for policy change, monitor elections, and empower citizens. Social movements will be examined for their role in mobilizing communities and raising awareness of human rights abuses.

Pathology of the Role of Civil Society in Crime Prevention in Iran's Criminal Justice System

The present study aims to analyze the pathology of the role of civil society in crime prevention in Iran's criminal justice system. A qualitative research strategy, using thematic analysis, has been employed to address the issue. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in criminal law and criminology, selected via theoretical sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, specifically the thematic network analysis method, and a conceptual model was constructed based on network measurements. The findings from the qualitative research indicated that the pathology of civil society’s role in crime prevention within Iran's criminal justice system includes the following overarching themes: 1) Internal organizational challenges, including (legal and juridical issues, governmental executive issues, lack of awareness and weak cultural development concerning civil society, weak social capital, economic issues, and legal and executive redundancy and multifactorial challenges); and 2) External organizational challenges, including (structural and managerial weaknesses in civil society institutions and weak knowledge management in crime prevention). Furthermore, for "validity testing" of the constructed themes and model, two methods were used: communicative validation and audit methods. For "reliability testing," two approaches were employed: repeatability and transferability or generalizability.

Напрямки удосконалення взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з інститутами громадянського суспільства публічної влади в умовах війни в Україні

The need to establish effective interaction between civil society institutions and state authorities became urgent in martial law conditions. The article analyzes the main problems in interacting with local self-government and executive power bodies with the region’s public. The main directions for improving dialogue at the regional level to establish partnership relations in local self-government bodies and executive power bodies with the public have been determined. The work determined that recognizing the relationship between law and justice is part of the European legal tradition. A fundamental element of civil society is its independent, self-governing institutions, which, interacting with state institutions, perform an essential legitimating function within and in interaction with state institutions. It has been argued that civil society organizations guarantee the inviolability of citizens’ rights, give citizens confidence in their strength, and support citizens and government agencies that can stand up to the enemy. They act in their way and turn on a self-governing basis within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Especially relevant is civil society’s role in the period of full-scale war in Ukraine. In such a difficult period of our independence, every Ukrainian took an active part in public life, joining the joint victory over the enemy. The activity becomes an essential support for foreign volunteers. That is why the role of civil society is invaluable. In the context of determining effective mechanisms of formation and maintaining an appropriate level of security environment is emphasized the implementation of analytical activities to determine the strategic orientations of foreign and internal policy of the state, timely detection of military threats, including potential, raising the standard of living of the population and the legal culture of society. One of the priority tasks of the interaction of the mentioned subjects is the formation and implementation of compatible measures to maintain national security by forming an appropriate level of security environment in the state and effective implementation of law enforcement activities. Keywords: civil society institutions, state, public authorities, armed aggression, public organizations.

Towards Equity and Inclusion: Analyzing Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Nepal’s Budgeting Process – A Comprehensive Review

Nepal, a diverse nation with a history of social disparities, is at the forefront of redefining its budgeting process to reflect a commitment to gender equality and social inclusion. In recent years, the country has recognized the imperative of addressing the entrenched inequalities that have marginalized women, ethnic minorities, and other marginalized groups. The core of this shift lies in the incorporation of gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and a social inclusion lens into the national budgetary framework. This process ensures that budget allocations are not only gender-sensitive but also promote social cohesion and uplift historically disadvantaged communities. Women's empowerment, access to education and healthcare, and economic inclusion of marginalized groups are now central themes in budget formulation. This qualitative research involves an in-depth analysis of gender equality and social inclusion within Nepal's budgeting process. Through extensive literature review and content analysis of relevant documents, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in promoting equity in budget allocation and execution. This review article delves into the strategies, challenges, and successes of Nepal's journey towards gender equality and social inclusion in budgeting. It highlights the government's commitment to mainstreaming gender and social inclusion across ministries, the pivotal role of civil society in advocacy, and the need for data-driven decision-making to ensure targeted resource allocation.

Unveiling the Shadows: Understanding Social and Demographic Awareness of Migrant Smuggling in Pakistan

Migration as a social issue has gained importance for the government and the people. Illegal migration has caused thousands of people to die due to unawareness of its consequences. Therefore, the present study highlights the socio-economic determinants of awareness of migrant smuggling by taking data from 660 people from Punjab, Pakistan. The paper has made use of descriptive analyses and ordered logit regression analysis to determine the awareness level. The findings of the study have found a significant impact of education, people living in urban areas, people from high social classes, frequency of information, and source of information from peer groups, social media and newsletters on the level of awareness. The study recommends that increasing the level of awareness requires an active role for state agencies and civil society. The government can make use of media, especially electronic media, to launch information campaigns and rapidly transfer knowledge to the general public.

Конфликт интересов на государственной службе: анализ типовых ситуаций

The article draws attention to the problem faced by many state bodies and institutions — conflict of interests. The article provides an overview of typical conflict situations, including its causes, consequences and methods of prevention. Authors offer some recommendations for improving the system of control over conflicts of interest in public institutions: the introduction of strict regulatory and legal mechanisms, increasing the openness and transparency of the work of State institutions, as well as strengthening the role of civil society in monitoring the activities of civil servants.

Prosociality of Modernist Islamic Volunteers in Responding to The Semeru Volcano Eruption

Recently, there has been growing interest in the study of community responses to disasters in Indonesia at macro and meso-levels analysis while little has been paid attention to this study at the micro one or individual level. To fill the literature gap, this article aims to describe prosocial behaviors performed by volunteers involved in addressing the Semeru volcano eruption victims in Lumajang Indonesia occurred in 2021. It was a result of descriptive quantitative research involving 202 participants who identified themselves as Muhammadiyah’s volunteers involved in the humanitarian activities in addressing the natural disaster. The data collection of pro-sociality utilized a prosocial behaviors scale including five aspects: honesty, helping, cooperating, caring, and donating. The validity test of the items used corrected item-total correlation that resulted in 34 valid items, and it had a good reliability based on Cronbach’s coefficient alpha test which was 0,953. The result shows that the participants had predominantly at the moderate level of prosocial behaviors which was four-fifths of the participants. Only a small proportion placed at the high pro-sociality, likewise those who were at the low level meaning these two categories were not significant. This finding is expected to enrich literature related to the role of civil society in responding to disasters, especially at the individual level. However, some relevant topics such as relating prosocial acts to other variables need to get attention for future research to result in comprehensive empirical evidence on this issue.

New Trends in Civic Activism in Central and Eastern Europe

Transitions, democratization and recent democratic backsliding in CEE provide a rich context for examining the meaning and shifting of civic activism and how people participate and organize in civil society today. This article offers a fresh and comparative analysis based on empirical data on the question of what motivates formal and informal activism, and the potentially transformative role of civil society that has recently faced such challenges as democratic backsliding, shrinking public space and polarization. It looks specifically at the responses of Polish and Hungarian activists and advocacy CSOs to these new challenges. Their strategies bring an important lesson on how civil society actors can adapt, continue their mission, or even turn challenges into opportunities. These new trends indicate that civic space in CEE is shifting which is further influenced by the reactions to new forms of social, economic and political crises. It is argued that this shift and the new trends in civic activism require not only fresh empirical data, but also a revision of normative and methodological approaches that have so far been used in civil society and social movement research.

The Cultural Role of Civil Societies and the National Parliament in the Domestic Enforcement of International Laws on Corruption in Tanzania

Social structures composed of active and responsible actors can be essential in curbing corruption. However, studies focusing on culture and corruption, especially in Africa, are scant. This article has focused on the role of culture in influencing anti-corruption efforts and enforcing international law on corruption in Tanzania. Using ethnography, the paper responds to two questions: What is the cultural role of civil societies and the media in influencing the domestic enforcement of international law? Furthermore, what is the cultural role of the Tanzanian legislature in influencing the domestic enforcement of international law? A cultural study can only be conducted after some time. It calls for a longitudinal study that considers a local context. In this regard, a case study research design has been used. The technique can explore issues over a long period and examine context-specific issues. Overall, the study's findings highlight the development of a unique culture among civil societies, which prompts the Parliament to create and formalize anti-corruption measures. The paper adds to international law, corruption, and culture scholarship

An Afrocentric Reflection on the Role of Civil Society in Developing Economies: Insights from South Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic initially witnessed in China (Wuhan) brought unprecedented devastation in China and other countries. No country was immune to the virus, and heads of state and policymakers had to draw up and implement robust domestic policies to contain the spread of the virus. From an Afrocentric perspective, the virus had dire consequences for African states, considering that most are minor and driven by weak economies. Narrowing this down to South Africa, the virus brought significant repercussions. In South Africa's 29 years of democracy, the state still faces major social ills such as unemployment, poverty, and inequality. The virus’s arrival worsened matters for the South African government, which needed new measures for the majority black marginalised population. As the government could not do it alone, the role of third parties, such as civil society, became fundamental as civil society is of the utmost importance globally, particularly for Africa and Developing Economies. Driven by a qualitative research approach, the purpose of this article was to ponder the role of civil society in developing economies with specific reference to South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that the government’s role as a single actor in dealing with the pandemic was deficient, as the pandemic crippled the health system. Civil society was pivotal in South Africa during the pandemic and assisted the government with various socio-economic activities, particularly for the marginalised population. Keywords: Afrocentric, Developing economies; Civil society; COVID-19; South Africa

Engagement of Local Government in Bulgaria with Air Pollution: The Role of Media and Civil Society in Sofia

Air pollution communication and engagement are vital on the road to solving this environmental and health problem. Three main groups tend to engage in it and communicate with citizens: civil society/non-governmental organizations (NGOs), media, and governments. This paper studies how these actors interact in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, as research on air pollution engagement on a city level in Eastern Europe is very limited. This article finds that a “bottom-up” model worked in air pollution engagement in Sofia. Civil society initiatives spark conversations with their actions and can create narratives for the media to cover. When the media started to cover the issue, more and more citizens became aware of it. Thus, pressure is put on local governments to also engage on the topic, with it being the last stakeholder to do so.

Indigenous People’s Self-governing Bodies and the Role of Civil Society: The Case of the Norwegian Sámi

In this paper, the authors look at the relationship between the Sámi Parliament in Norway and the Sámi civil society as seen both from the perspective of the party leaders and representatives, the civil society organisations, and the voters. While strong civil societies are important in ensuring responsive democratic governance systems in general, they may be particularly important in a political system such as the Sámi. Sámi politics operates within the Norwegian unitary state, where the tension between Sámi autonomy and integration into the Norwegian is systemic and where the pressure towards increased co-optation is constantly present. The authors find that Sámi interest and participation in civil society are at the same level as that of the population at large when the authors measure participation in Sámi and Norwegian organisations combined, but only one out of four memberships are in a strictly Sámi organisation. The authors also find that the level and type of contact between the parties represented in the Sámi Parliament and Sámi civil society organisations is very limited, except for organisational contact with the Sámi Parliaments’ administration for information and services. Little points in the direction of these organisations having an important advocacy role. Their control- and opposition role is weak. The rise of a new challenger party, Nordkalottfolket, becoming the second largest party in the election of 2021, breaking with what makes Sámi politics indigenous, seems not to change the structure of the relationship between civil society organisations and the Sámi Parliament.

An Overview of the Precepts, Attitudes and Role of Governments and NGOs in Generation Z Political Participation in Singkawang City

Generation Z political participation refers to the involvement of generation Z in following various political activities, generation Z is also a generation group that is very close to the virtual world. Generation Z in Singkawang City has a very diverse participation and attitude towards politics. In this case, of course, there must be a role for government institutions and civil society to increase the political participation of Generation Z, but Generation Z really needs improvement efforts made through virtual approaches and social media. Singkawang City, which is a city in 2024, will hold general elections and regional head elections in the same year, of course, the role of government agencies and civil society is very important in increasing political participation. This research aims to look at a review of the perceptions, attitudes and roles of the government as well as NGOs in the political participation of generation Z in Singkawang City. The method used in this research is qualitative research with field research so that the results of this research can recognise the role of government institutions and civil society in Singkawang City in increasing the political participation of generation Z.

The Roles of Refugee and Exchangee Associations in Greek and Turkish Civil Society

Abstract Established by the descendants of those impacted by the 1922–23 forced migration/population exchange in Greece and Turkey, refugee and exchangee associations have become increasingly visible in both countries in recent decades. However, these associations have been the subject of surprisingly few studies from the perspectives of civil society and identity. Through a comparative examination backed up by fieldwork, this article suggests a reconsideration of the associations as dynamic and fluid units in dialogue with the past, present, and future. Furthermore, it argues that despite the similarity of the mechanisms through which refugee and exchangee identities were institutionalized and nationalized, they actually play different roles in Greek and Turkish civil society and should not be viewed as organizations with similar structures and experiences or as exact counterparts to one another. Their motivations, positions, and aspirations differ, as do the effects they have on the formation of refugee and exchangee identities.

The role of civil society and the voluntary sector in children's global surgery

An unacceptable inequity exists in the burden of pediatric surgical disease and access to surgical and anesthesia care between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). Civil society organizations (CSOs) and the voluntary sector have been integral in addressing this imbalance. This article summarizes the roles that these organizations have played in improving pediatric surgical care globally and how their roles have evolved over the years. CSOs and voluntary organizations have historically provided operations on LMIC patients; however, the focus has shifted to building sustainable surgical systems by training a skilled workforce, improving local infrastructure, and contributing to research and advocacy efforts.

Information security in the system of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology: еxperience of EU and United States countries

The article is devoted to the problems of prevention of crimes in the field of information technology. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific and special scientific research methods: formal-logical, systemic, comparative legal, etc. A review of scientific research in the field of information security is carried out. It is noted that the study of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is becoming increasingly relevant and requires an objective criminological analysis in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. The author analyses modern threats in the field of information technology. Among the threats, the author singles out the negative information and psychological impact on the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. This impact is due to the systematic dissemination of disinformation, incomplete or biased information about political, economic and social processes taking place in Ukraine. The unsatisfactory state of information security causes a distorted view of the processes taking place in Ukraine; destructive changes in the behaviour and communication of individuals; and contributes to the formation of deformed moral attitudes. The author presents an analysis of modern foreign programmes aimed at preventing crimes in the field of information technology. These programmes are effective in the EU and the USA. The programmes are characterised according to the following algorithm: the purpose of the programme; the main areas of activity; the amount of funding; involvement of governmental and non- governmentalorganisations; therangeof specialists, etc. A significant number of the established projects operate as independent international institutions, with virtually no support from government funding. Funds for project implementation come in the form of non-governmental funding, grant contributions or donations from member and associated organisations. The target audience of the projects is civil society rather than the general population, which is explained by the more active role of civil society in Western countries and the passivity of the majority of the public. The author concludes that international cooperation and coordination of efforts of the national and international community to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is expedient. The importance of raising public awareness and literacy about disinformation and its methods through information and explanatory work is proved. The importance of developing a national model for the balanced and responsible use of the digital environment is emphasised. The main idea of the model is a combination of criminal law, regulatory, technical, organisational and managerial measures.

The political consequences of wartime sexual violence: Evidence from a list experiment

Sexual violence is a prevalent feature of war with severe physical, psychological, and social consequences for survivors. Yet we have a limited understanding of how survivors relate to their political environment after the conflict ends. We analyze individual-level survey data on postwar Sri Lanka to assess whether wartime sexual victimization relates to political activism. Connecting unobtrusive measures from a list experiment to individual survivors’ political action, we show that personal experience of sexual violence increases political participation. This effect is substantial in size, holds for institutionalized and non-institutionalized forms of political action, and is robust to unobserved confounding or sample selection bias. Causal mediation analyses suggest that survivors of wartime sexual violence mobilize politically through their involvement in civic networks. The findings stress the relevance of survivors’ agency and contribute to a better understanding of wartime sexual violence, the role of civil society in post-conflict politics, and of humanitarian policy.

Role of Civil Society in Community Development of Nepal

This study is based on the role of civil society in community development in Nepal. It is mainly prepared by using secondary sources. Data is obtained through articles/newspapers/clubs of the organization. The role of civil society in training and skill development, group formation and mobilization is assessed to be satisfactory. In the areas of health and hygiene, education, drinking water, transport and communication too, the role is likely to improve in the coming days. The relationship between groups and individuals in the community has appeared to be good. Most civil societies agree on good relationships between groups and individuals. The main problems of civil society are issues of the sustainability of their activities and political bias. Organizations depend on donor funds and activities as they propose; so there is duplication of programs and activities in the community. The activities are very short and do not have a fixed duration required by the community; it is due to the dependence of the donor for the fund. Civil society is the main subject and agent of community development. It knows the cultural, social, political and geographical situation. The process of social mobilization and mobilization of resources is the pioneering path of civil development. Group training and mobilization are found to be very good in the community. Therefore, this study shows a great need for civil society in community development. The function of civil society is very respectable. People want to expand their activities but the civil society cannot expand because of lack of funds. The ground of honor developed by civil societies in terms group formation, social mobilization, resource mobilization, and saving habits in groups is remarkable. Civil society (CS) in Nepal has played an important role in the economic and political transformation of the country over the past three decades. As Nepal changes into a three-tier federal government system, the environment in which civil society organizations (CSOs) operate is also changing.