Civil Position Research Articles

Dynamic Coordination of Internal Displacement: Return and Integration Cases in Ukraine and Georgia

The conflict-related internal displacement in Ukraine since 2014, after the armed combats with Russian military forces backing the separatist administrations, as well as the occupation of Crimea by the Russian Federation have not been state-organized. They imply a range of personal choices depending on civil positions and destinations for resettlement; therefore, the affected persons get involved in the consequent practical discourses and decision-making processes. Based on the legislative acts and the international reports on internal displacement, the internal displacement due to the current hybrid war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is compared with the first Russia-backed separatist conflicts after the collapse of the USSR—the wars in South Ossetia, in 1992, and in Abkhazia, in 2008. The internal displacement situations have been reviewed through their dynamic coordination patterns, with regard to non-equilibrium transitions, fluctuations, and adaptations triggered on the systemic, community, and personal levels, as well as to the expected durable solutions: integration, return, temporary resettlement. Therefore, we suggest, for further discussion, the patterns of bistability—for the internal displacement due to the Russo-Georgian wars of 1992 and 2008, characterized by an overfocus, in the practical discourses, on the return of the internally displaced persons (IDP), and metastability—for the conflict-related internal displacement in Ukraine, with both the return and local integration solutions creating the quasi-stable system.

Институционализация профессионального сообщества водителей грузового транспорта (на примере ассоциации дальнобойщиков Якутии)

The impact of the institutionalization of the professional association of truck drivers-truckers of Yakutia on the formation and development of their civic position is analyzed in the article. The paper identifies the main forms of socio-political participation of the professional community of long-distance drivers in Yakutia. For this purpose, we used official documents, data from field studies (2017-2019) conducted by the author in Yakutsk and Tattinsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the author conducted a content analysis of materials of the association of Yakut truckers and mass media published in open access on the internet. The article deals with the all-Russian strike of truck drivers against the introduction of the "Platon" system in 2015, which covered dozens of regions of the country. The strike is considered as one of the prerequisites for the formation of a civil position of the truck drivers community. A key factor in the development of citizenship of Yakut truckers was the creation of the public organization "The Association of Truckers of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)", which marked the beginning of the institutionalization of this professional group. The study revealed that the community of truck drivers is characterized by the following features: civic consciousness of the professional community, social activity, the ability to bear social responsibility in conditions of insufficient existing state measures to support the population of remote and hard-to-reach settlements. Correlation of professional and social activity of truckers of Yakutia is revealed. The content and nature of the work of truck drivers, which are associated with the provision of life in the North and in the Arctic, determine their value orientations and civic position. The conclusion is formulated: the successful process of institutionalization of the professional community has an impact on the formation of the civic position of truck drivers in the region. The author believes that further study of the social practices of professional communities is a promising direction in the context of the development of civil society.

ETHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENTIST (Memoirs of Professor V.K. Yakunin)

Viktor Yakunin (1939-2017) is a well-known Ukrainian historian, Professor, head of the Department of Ukrainian history and Ethnopolitics of the Dnipro national University named after O. Gonchar. The basic ethical norms and scientific principles that guided the scientist in life and scientific work are defined. It is primarily the adherence to principles, courage and integrity. The most shameful act of both man and scientist, he considered betrayal. He was contemptuous of historians who adjusted to the political situation, who renounced what they had previously passionately preached. The most shameful act of both man and scientist, he considered betrayal. He was contemptuous of historians who adjusted to the political situation, who renounced what they had previously passionately preached. He is not an armchair scientist. He had a fighting character, took a firm civil position, was always politically active person, which was reflected in his scientific works, of which he wrote more than 150, including 5 monographs and 5 manuals. In them, the scientist studied the actual problems of historiography, methodology of history and political history of the USSR and Ukraine. In particular, he attempted to answer the question why the CPSU lost power and the USSR collapsed. In a number of his works, the concept of patriotism, which is opposed to nationalism, is revealed on concrete examples, a sharp but justified criticism of Ukrainian nationalism is given, the connection of the latter with Nazi ideology is shown. It is felt that he loved his lost Homeland immensely. He believed that it is impossible only to blame the Soviet past, not to see the achievements of Ukraine in this period.

AXIOLOGICAL CONTENT OF INTRA-FAMILY CONVERSATIONS ON POLITICAL ISSUES

The article examines intra - family conversations about politics recorded in 2018-2019. The communicants with whose permission the recordings were made are related residents of Yekaterinburg who openly express their civil position. They are pensioners (in the recent past, a worker, an employee and an engineer) and representatives of the middle generation (a worker, a school teacher, a University teacher). The object of analysis is the axiological content of fragments of dialogic and polylogic interaction on concrete themes. The communication partners focus on the facts and events of domestic and foreign policy. A balanced and at the same time not indifferent attitude to the political reality allows one to conclude that politics becomes an organic component of the axiology of everyday life. In accordance with the purpose of the given research, aimed at identifying and generalizing axiological benchmarks determining the attitude of the Russian citizens to politics, the authors have collected nominations of the basic values, evaluative words and statements, and I-statements, which translate axiological attitudes and judgments about politics, for a special linguo - axiological analysis. It has been established that a rational and analytical approach to the Soviet past and the post-Soviet present, and a realistic attitude to legislative initiatives are combined with mentally pre - set emotional reactions and hyperbolization of the consequences of foreign policy events. The analysis highlights the guiding values: man, family, children, work; the main values that form the basis of socially oriented policy (economic, energetic, demographic): justice, quality of life, labor solidarity, civil activity; political values proper: civil duty, stability, independence, defense capability, advanced development of the country, a multipolar world. The revealed tendency to strengthen personalism does not suppress the sense of civil community.

Цивилизационные исследования: сложности реализации

The article examines the methodological problems arising in the transition from the study of individual countries to the study of civilizations. Three circles of problems are distinguished. The first is associated with the limitedness of our empirical knowledge of the history and culture of civilizations. It can only be overcome by the philosophical, i.e. theoretical approach. However, when using philosophical methods, we find ourselves in two hermeneutic circles. The hermeneutic “circle of the historian” arises when we make an uncritical choice of historical events when substantiating the foundations of civilization. The hermeneutic “citizen circle” is associated with the choice of our civil position as a civilized person in real politics. Both cognitive problems have a pronounced ideological character and have a direct impact on civilizational research. The problem of the “hermeneutic circle” always arises when, using simple pairs of categories, they try to consider the interdependence of complex subject-subject relations. But the natural uniqueness of the human person cannot be transferred to another object of study. The category “singularity” poses to philosophers the problem of the unity of cultural forms. Paired categories “cause – effect”, “matter – forms” can be used to understand the relationship “civilization and culture”. The article shows that the forms of social life: religion, state, nationality, language, professional relations have their own cause-and-effect relationships, which can be interpreted in the categorical pair “civilization – culture”. This leads to the emergence of a contradiction between “science” and “ideology” at each stage of the study of civilizations. The task of the philosopher is to create such a concept of civilization so that individual forms of culture are described as complementary to each other.

Socio-cultural context of older preschool children’s initiative development on the basis of volunteer activities

In world modernization context modern challenges in education are formed. Federal normative legal documents reflect social demand to create conditions for development of an initiative person with socially active and civil position, capable of successful response to modern society requirements. Initial stages of solving this problem are in the senior preschool age, as synesthetic period of child's personality socialization and older preschoolers’ socio-cultural personality development. The federal state educational standard for preschool education directs teachers to create social situation for children’s initiative development through pedagogical conditions establishment in socio-cultural context. Analysis of theoretical methodological works and existing practices reveals volunteering pedagogical potential, tendency to involve older preschoolers into it. The paper examines theoretical, methodological foundations, psychological and pedagogical conditions of children's initiative development process on volunteer activities basis. Research purpose is to scientifically substantiate, develop and test psychological, pedagogical conditions for older preschool children’s initiative development. Research methods are comparative, complex system analysis of scientific research in pedagogical, sociological, philosophical works. Theoretical and methodological foundations and complex of psychological and pedagogical conditions for older preschool children’s initiative development based on volunteer activities are established as structural and functional model, "Preschool Volunteer" program and initiative developing technology for older preschool children. The author's concepts of “older preschool children initiative” and “volunteer activity of older preschool children” are formed. The socio-cultural context of initiative development involves volunteer practices with children. The research results can be used in lecture course preparation, professional programs for teachers and parents competence development in preschool educational organizations.

Методические рекомендации по формированию гражданской позиции обучающихся из гетерогенных групп в колледже

Current trends in the development of sociocultural relations (migration processes, virtual forms of communication, academic mobility, etc.) exacerbate the problem of the formation of value orientations of students, thereby actualizing in pedagogy and the tasks of searching for new content and effective forms of education for modern youth, in particular civil education. The article is devoted to the study of the civil position of students in college, the psychological characteristics of adolescence are clarified, the definition of a «heterogeneous group» is given. After analyzing the results of theoretical research and experimental work, the author gives practical recommendations to teachers on building up educational activities with students, aimed at creating an active civic position.

ФАХІВЦІ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ. ЦИРКУЛЯРНА ЕКОНОМІКА

The article considers the problem of training professionals in a fundamentally new direction for Ukraine, namely professionals in circular economy; reveals the economic essence and meaning of the concept of «circular economy»; historical aspects of its formation are analysed; importance for sustainable development of society, the environment protection, human health. Circular, or closed-loop economy – a model of economic development, the basis of which is the rational use of resources and their recovery; it is based on extending the product life cycle, restoring resources, recycling, switching from fossil fuels to using renewable energy sources. Thus, a regenerative, regenerative and integrated circular economy aims to support sustainable economic development without harming the environment. The article concludes that the implementation of the ideas and principles of the circular economy requires the training of professionals of the new formation with the appropriate level of environmental awareness and understanding of the needs of sustainable development of society. Such specialists must not only have a perfect economic education, but also understand the issues of production, be able to respond quickly to the problems of environmental protection and human health, and have an active civil position. In the leading countries of the world professional training of experts in circular economy is already carried out. It is absent in Ukraine today. Thus, in the conditions of growing consumption, accumulation of mass of waste, which cannot be quickly processed in the natural environment and have a harmful impact on the environment, the problem of professionals training in the circular economy in Ukraine needs an immediate solution.

Formation of an the Active Civil Position of the Future Personality in the Process of National Education in Modern Ukranian

Formation of an the Active Civil Position of the Future Personality in the Process of National Education in Modern Ukranian

РАЗВИТИЕ ДУХОВНО-НРАВСТВЕННЫХ КАЧЕСТВ ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК ОСНОВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ПОЗИЦИИ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ

The problem of development of spiritual and moral qualities of modern students is discussed. It is noted that the orientation of young people to spiritual and moral values and the formation of personal qualities in accordance with this orientation develops in a complex conditions. In this regard, the task set by our state and society becomes urgent – to educate a spiritual and moral citizen of the country, able to solve complex problems not only personal, but also social. The program of formation of a civil position of student youth is presented. It is noted that it promotes formation of development of spiritual and moral qualities of the personality of student youth.

CIVIC AND UNIVERSAL VALUES IN THE CREATIVE WORK OF LESYA UKRAINKA AND OLENA TELIGA

The article examines the work of extraordinary poets, who are noted for their strength of character, women who consciously renounced their own interests for the sake of serving the country and society, had a clear goal, so they did not lose the strength to carry out their creative plans. Lesya Ukrainka and Olena Teliha are real fighters with high morals, a clear civil position and national self-respect. Their poems are a significant contribution to the treasury of socio-political lyrics of Ukrainian literature 2021 is a jubilee year, and the Ukrainian community will celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Lesya Ukrainka, an uncompromising person, citizen, and writer who has faced significant trials: the thirty years' fight with sickness, the persecution of family members, their imprisonment and death. However, this is a personality that more than one generation of real Ukrainians will look up to – those Ukrainians who will love Ukraine to the depths of their souls and "the depths of their pockets," as the famous philanthropist Yevhen Chykalenko said. Modernity has brought up very tolerant people, but sometimes it borders on weak will. What is the motto of her life: “Kill me – I will not give up!”, and the pseudonym, consonant with the middle name of Mikhail Drahomanov - clearly emphasizes the national affiliation of a person who is not ready to compromise with the enemy. The position of Olena Teliha is similar, she was not afraid to defend the honour of the native language, because the language is a marker of national identity, because anyone can wear a folk costume, but wearing an Indian sari Ukrainian will not become a Hindu, and a Chinese in embroidered clothes will remain Chinese. Olena could have been abroad and served Ukraine from there, but in times of danger the woman returned to Kyiv, headed the literary elite, and attended meetings without any fear of being arrested by the invaders. Her behaviour inspired her husband, Mikhailo Teliha, who was able to escape during the arrest of the literary association, and died, supporting his wife's political position. Ukrainians, and especially Ukrainian youth, should know such facts from the lives of famous (and not very famous) real citizens. National self-sacrifice, the desire to serve the native state must be conscious, and they can be brought up through the life's feat and poetic creativity of caring representatives of Ukraine.

FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TEACHER CIVILІАN POSITION: THEORETICAL APPROACHES

The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical aspects of the formation of the civil position of the future teacher as a topical scientific problem. The requirement of the civil orientation of the educational process as the most important institution of formation of the citizen’s values is updated. The article substantiates the importance of forming the civil position of the future teacher, ready and able to combine education, spirituality, intelligence, moral education as a worthy example for their pupils in their civil formation and formation of the civil personality. Research methods used in the article: theoretical (analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological literature); interpretative-analytical method, generalization. The theoretical foundations of forming the civil position of the future teacher through definitive analysis of meaningful categories “citizen”, “citizenship” are determined. The legitimacy of considering citizenship as a quality of personality in social-legal, socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical aspects, as a holistic socio-personal education, which includes a system of ideological and moral qualities and is implemented, for the most part, in labor and social activity, moral, as the concept of integrative and quite complex in the structural sense, which attests to the formation of a civil position in the personality and the readiness for its expression in professional activity. Generally, it is education that aims to form a personality characterized by a high level of civil consciousness, national dignity and civil activism, patriotism, developed critical thinking, awareness of their rights, responsible fulfillment of their duties, is the bearer of the former civil position.

Zhu Jian’er’s life creativity: the historiography of the composer’s personality

Zhu Jian’er’s life creativity: the historiography of the composer’s personality

Humor as a tool of political discourse: from media personalities to candidates for the presidency

The research is concentrated on the increasing popularity of political context in humour if we take into account the state fragility, identified the manipulative properties of humorous content in general, as well in the research we have tried to evaluate the contribution that ridiculous things in speech make while shaping public opinion. Considering the changes in the sense of joke formation and formats of presenting content on TV by the leading production-company of Ukraine Studio “Quarter 95”, the authors concluded that both satirical and serious stand-ups or politically colored TV-series have a deep influence on the formation of civil position - the attitude towards the media person gains the nature of politically painted trust thanks to sharpness of reflection of real problems which disturb the population. By means of popular culture and television Vladimir Zelensky together with the group have opportunity to recite their citizenship. Above all, the result of the formation of public sentiments by the creative elite serves as a platform for electoral trust. The mentioned idea allows us to state that humor as a tool of political discourse is a weapon that gives visible results in the electoral campaign.

Pedagogical model of curator activity for formation of student civil position at higher educational institution

The article shows that the education system should prepare people who can live in civil society and constitutional state and also create them. Literature theoretical analysis allowed us to determine the activities of the curator for the formation of student civic position as a focused and consciously carried out pedagogical process for the organization of socially significant activities of students and the development of self-government, necessary for self-realization of a person in society. In the course of the experimental work, a pedagogical model of the curator’s activity on the formation of the civic position of students was developed and implemented. It includes a number of components such as goals, objectives, content of the activities of curators and students at each stage of the formation of a civil position, methods, forms, means, criteria and indicators of the formation of a civil position. The implementation of this pedagogical model promotes the involvement of students in socially significant work, their active participation in various areas of interest, allows students to develop organizational skills, gain experience in participating in self- government and show a civil position. On the basis of developed the criteria and indicators we measured the level of formation of the civic position of students based on their introspection and expert assessments. The experts were individual group students, lecturers and curators. The study allowed us to conclude that the focused activities of the curators contribute to the activation of extracurricular activities of students, the development of student self-government of the group as a real form of student democracy with the corresponding rights, opportunities and responsibilities.

КИЇВСЬКІ СТОРІНКИ ТВОРЧОЇ БІОГРАФІЇ Є. МУСАТОВОЇ-КУЛЬЖЕНКО

An active participant in the musical life of Kyiv at the end of the 19th - early 20th centuries was E. Musatovа - Kulzhenko - a talented singer (soprano), a pedagogue, a popular activist of modern music and organizer of a number of bright, remarkable artistic events. Unfortunately, the Kyiv period of the performer's biography has not yet received a detailed coverage of musicology literature, this explains the relevance and novelty of this work. Study of Kyiv's biography pages Musatova-Kulzhenko will contribute not only to a more complete reflection of the artist's creative path, as detailed as possible the reproduction of the musical panorama of Kyiv, but also to the reconstruction of the biography of the famous Kulzhenko family, to which the singer belonged. The archival materials of the newspaper periodicals department of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernadsky, materials of the Central State Archives - theMuseum ofLiterature and Art of Ukraine, the Museum of theatrical, musical and cinema of Ukraine, the House of theMuseum ofM. Lysenko became the main source for the study.Participation of E. Musatova- Kulzhenko in the musical life of Kyiv was quite diverse: she performed with solo programs, consisting of symphonic, chamber assemblies, «polygenre» and spiritual concerts, as organizer and participant of charity concert events. The activity of performer had a clear educational orientation, as evidenced by her participation in lectures – concerts, themed concerts, literary musical evenings. About the active civil position of Mysatova - Kulzhenko, her indifferent attitude towards Ukrainian culture testifies to the participation of the singer in the work of the societies «Boyan», «Literary and Artistic Society». Kyiv artists' concerts were accompanied by a stable success, constant attention and interest from the side of music professionals, reviewers of local periodicals and ordinary listeners. All critics unanimously acknowledged the presence of excellent voice and a solid vocal school, natural musicality and sophisticated artistic taste in the performer. The repertoire of the singer was diverse and quite numerous, covering vocal literature of different eras and national schools. But in the history of musical culture of the city Е. Musatovа - Kulzhenko entered first of all as a tireless «pioneer» in the field of contemporary art. The artist launched «Evenings of a Modern Song» in Kyiv, organized the «Evening of the Children's Song» for the first time. She was an indefatigable proponent of the vocal work of O. Grechaninov, L. Nikolayev; the first performer of vocal opuses of some Western European authors.Sophisticated and versatile activity of E. Musatova - Kulzhenko greatly enriched the cultural space of Kyiv, contributed to the «modernization» of concert life, the diversification of his genre and repertoire components. Performances of the singer had an important not only artistic - aesthetic, but also educational, cognitive value. After all, the residents of Kievhave the opportunity to get acquainted with the latest samples of vocal literature and to join in the processes that took place at the time in the Western European music world. The great activity of Musatova - Kulzhenko contributed to the development of Ukrainian chamber vocal performances, the formation of a national vocal pedagogical school.Since 1921, the singer has lived abroad, and about this period of her biography, which lasted almost thirty years, information is not enough. One of the sources of information about staying E Musatova - Kulzhenko in a foreign country can be the materials of the Croatian State Archives inZagrebso this research direction should be a priority in the future in order to thoroughly recreate the life and creative path of the prominent Ukrainian performer.The article is devoted to the coverage of the Kyiv period of the creative biography of the outstanding Ukrainian singer E. Musatova- Kulzhenko. The role of the artist in the development of the cultural space of Kyiv, the enrichment and «upgrading» of its concert life, in the formation of domestic chamber vocal performances and vocal pedagogical school is determined.

On the occasion of the 90th birthday of Leonid Antonovich Serafimov

The article is dedicated to the 90th birthday of Leonid Antonovich Serafimov, an outstanding scientist, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, professor at the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies. Serafimov made an invaluable contribution to the development of the theoretical foundations of chemical technology. The article briefly describes the research conducted by the scientific school "Theoretical Foundations and Technological Principles of Mass-Transfer and Combined Processes of Organic Synthesis" founded and led by him. Special attention is given to the ideological component of his scientific and pedagogical activity; and his active civil position, encyclopedic knowledge and remarkable personal qualities are also duly noted.

Herbert’s Postcolonial Antiquity and Defensive Nationalism

The Polish version of this article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 65, issue 1 (2017).
 This paper proposes a postcolonial reading of antiquity motifs from Zbigniew Herbert’s po-ems from the times of socialism. References to ancient history, mythology, and biblical allusions are interpreted as allegories of the political culture in the Polish People’s Republic. While in his poems written between 1956 and 1990 Herbert depicts communism as an attempt at Russian colonization of Poland, in seminal texts the focus lies mainly on the internal effects for the Polish colonized mind.
 Linking communist Moscow to ancient Rome, Herbert accomplishes a peculiar anti-imperial translatio imperii. It is this trans-chronic perspective of Herbert’s poems which allows for rounding off the paper with connecting Herbert’s anti-imperial attitude with defensive nationalism and proposing recent right-wing tendencies in the Polish appropriation of post-colonial theory (Ewa Thompson et al.) as a heuristic model for understanding Herbert’s civil position during communism.

STUDENT VIEWS ON DOWNSHIFTER LIFESTYLE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Purpose of the study: The relevance of the article is due to the rethinking of employment by students and the emergence of new forms of income, due to the emergence of Internet resources. Today, more and more people are revising their work schedules, switching to freelancing or so-called free employment, reducing working hours. In this regard, this article is aimed at studying students' ideas about the lifestyle of downshifters in an urban environment.
 Methodology: As a research methodology, a qualitative approach was applied using ethnographic strategies to dive into the world of everyday practices of informants and better understand how their daily lives are structured, which is especially important when studying ideas about lifestyle. A detailed description of the ideas about individual everyday practices allows us to identify the type in a social phenomenon. Method of information gathering - in-depth interview, which allows determining the main motives and beliefs of informants.
 Results: The article revealed that in the view of the majority of students, downshifters are satisfied with their lifestyle; travel a lot; have a low civil position, mainly carry out their household activities in solitude and are not married. It is shown that work for downshifters, in the view of students, should be enjoyable, and if this is not possible for any reason, it is fair for them to do work that does not lead to emotional and physical exhaustion. In the students' views, five groups of downshifters were identified: those who left well paid but stressful work; having the ability to work remotely; devoting more time to personal development; peaked careers and decided to change the profile of activity; transformed their hobby into a profession.
 Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in the field of labor and employment of young people, social psychology, the psychology of education, age psychology, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: Because the phenomenon of downshifting is not sufficiently studied, and the concept has no clear definition, many people in the society can call themselves downshifters who are not really downshifters indeed, and Vice versa, many people do not realize themselves downshifters, being downshifters in fact. This seems to be a certain problem for studying this social group.

ЕКОЛОГІЯ ТА СЕРЕДОВИЩЕЗНАВСТВО ЯК НАУКИ І СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ

The tendencies in the development of the scientific-methodological and educational-methodical sphere related to the problems of deepening ecological knowledge, the ecologization of the spheres of productive and non-productive activities and education in particular, are analyzed. The world tendencies and main features of the current situation in environmental education in Ukraine are outlined. The necessity of entering the world standards of studying and assessing the state of the natural environment and the human environment is emphasized. The scheme of methodological structuring and improvement of the new in Ukraine, but well-established in European countries, the field of research and practical knowledge - environmental science – is presented.
 The environmental science is concerned with the study of all levels of the natural environment, from the cosmic to the intracellular, as well as all levels of the anthropic environment, from the technogenic to the productive, from the socio-cultural to the spiritual-aesthetic. A unique phenomenon of nature is the recognition of multi-level biotic – intra-ecosystem and intra-organismal environments.
 The subject matter of environmental science is constituted by the scientific foundations of the balanced coexistence of the medium-forming animate and inanimate natural systems and the human community, the methods of rational use of real-energy natural resources for the benefit of mankind without the destruction of the environment.
 The environmental science aims at the development and promotion of reasonable principles of coexistence of natural and social medium-forming systems in the environment in order to preserve the possibility of satisfying present and future generations of their material and non-material needs.
 As a system of knowledge, the science of the environment is filled with new information about the evolutionary unity of the material inanimate and living world, the role of science and spirituality in its understanding and preservation. Based on modern scientific and philosophical principles, the perception and importance of the biotic systems, biodiversity and eco-means of all levels is grounded. 
 The environmental science studies the history of the emergence of the human population, its transformation into planetary geological force. Various spheres of human activity are considered, such as urbanization, social hygiene and health, agricultural production, food supply and threats typical of these activities. An inseparable part of education in environmental science is the knowledge of physical real-energy resources and the values of stability of inanimate medium-forming systems. Here, it is necessary to obtain geological knowledge, to study atmospheric phenomena, climate, water resources, natural disasters, as well as ways to control and protect them from pollution, destabilization or depletion.
 The current section of environmental science deals with the problems of civilization development and the latest achievements in such areas as renewable and safe energy, minimization and neutralization of solid and toxic waste, sustainable urbanization, non-destructive for environment and resources economics, balanced policies and legislation. Nonetheless important is active and optimistic promotion of the necessity to introduce principles of sustainable (eco-safety) development in all spheres of human activity, the formation of the mindset on the inevitability of transition to an economical way of life of an individual and civilization, the need to take an active civil position in society to preserve the environment.
 The list of priority disciplines for obtaining an education in the specialty of Environmental Protection Technologies is given. It is emphasized that the differentiation of the spheres of research and the study of general ecology and environmental science will allow us to streamline and improve the quality and pace of the ecologization of public consciousness. The implementation of above mentioned ideas will improve the results of environmental and nature protection activities, and will also contribute to the ongoing ecological research.