Civil Market Research Articles

Liquid Hydrogen Production, Transportation and Economic Analysis

With rapid development of hydrogen energy industry in China, liquid hydrogen transportation mode with high energy storage density has great advantages over the current high-pressure gaseous transportation mode, and will become an important and efficient carrier to realize the large-scale development of hydrogen energy. The high economic efficiency of liquid hydrogen can be better applied to civil market with cost sensitivity. This paper describes the current global liquid hydrogen production capacity and distribution, summarizes the liquefaction methods and transportation technical characteristics of liquid mode, and analyzes the economic cost composition of the liquid hydrogen technology route. It is concluded that liquid mode as hydrogen carrier of large-scale development of hydrogen energy will be suitable for the development route of civil hydrogen energy in China. Suggestions are also put forward for the future development of hydrogen energy in China.

An integrated model of sustainable consumption promotion based on the tripod of the democratic-participatory ideal - civil society, government, and market

An integrated model of sustainable consumption promotion based on the tripod of the democratic-participatory ideal - civil society, government, and market

An integrated model of sustainable consumption promotion based on the tripod of the democratic-participatory ideal – civil society, government, and market

An integrated model of sustainable consumption promotion based on the tripod of the democratic-participatory ideal – civil society, government, and market

Evaluation methodology for the civilian market orders of engineering products at defense industry enterprises to ensure additional loading of free production capacities

The work directions of the defense industry enterprises in the civilian products market are highlighted in order to reload existing production capacities. The types of orders for the civil products market are proposed and the features of technological preparation for their production are considered. An evaluation methodology for the civil market orders of machine-building products in order to make a decision on the expediency of their fulfillment to ensure additional loading of free production capacities is developed. Keywords military-industrial complex enterprises, civilian products, evaluation of civil market orders, additional loading of production capacities

The Start and Growth of China’s Semiconductor Industry Technology (1949—1978)

The period from 1949 to 1978 was the initial growth stage of semiconductor technology in New China, and its development context can be combed from four dimensions: politics, enterprises, education and research. From the Telecommunications Industry Bureau to the Fourth Ministry of Machinery Industry, "156 project" to the third line construction, college education to staff education, the birth of the first domestic germanium transistor to the formation of the "south germanium and north silicon" route, we can find that national support is the key to the growth of science and technology, and independent innovation is the only way for the growth of a national industry. Civil market is a source of vitality for technological innovation, and self-organization mechanisms are the key to the iteration of industrial technology advancements.

Preparing Logistics Managers to Manage Modern Military Supply Chains

Purpose: The aim of conducted research was to identify a set of competencies required of a logistics manager, in managerial positions in the armed forces, necessary to manage contemporary military supply chains. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research process consisted of theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part included the analysis of current scientific studies on the problem of logistics managers' education, requirements set by employers in the military and civilian labour market, as well as the applicable legal acts on the subject in question. The empirical part of the study was based on a diagnostic survey with the use of an interview questionnaire. The study involved 26 experts holding managerial positions in military and civilian logistics entities and persons responsible for logistics education at universities, 7 managers from logistics companies, 11 officers from military logistics units, 8 university teachers responsible for developing study programs. The research was conducted in 2020-2021. Practical Implications: The research results may be helpful in the process of developing curricula dedicated to logistics managers, both in the armed forces and in the civil market. Originality/Value: This study is an original study of experts involved in the education of logistics managers.

Conceptual design of an unmanned aerial vehicle for fast container transport

The rapid development of technologies in the area of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) combined with its wide spread in the civil market, indicates the possibility of creating a relatively large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for cargo transportation (maximum take-off weight more than 18 tons). The concept of unmanned flight will improve the efficiency of an airplane with conventional layout. The removal of the crew compartment and associated systems makes it possible to apply advanced layout solutions that refine aerodynamics, reduce the airframe weight, direct operating costs, etc. This paper presents the conceptual design of a Civil Transport UAS (CITRUS). The CITRUS is intended for fast transportation of commercial containerized loads up to 7 tons with speed 830-850 km/h. The article provides the basic premises and principles of the new concept. The features of the aerodynamic layout of the CITRUS are described. Estimates of the aerodynamic and performance characteristics are given.

A low-cost lightweight microwave absorber: Silicon carbide synthesized from tissue

Recently, microwave absorbing materials have been widely used with the development of electromagnetic wave technology such as 5G communication. It is urgent to develop low-cost electromagnetic wave absorbing materials to meet the increasing civil market demand. Herein, we report a novel and simple strategy to synthesize lightweight silicon carbide microwave absorber by calcining tissue and glass microspheres at high temperature. The results show that higher synthesis temperature can improve the crystallinity of SiC, generate more whiskers and reduce the impurity content. This in turn increases the dielectric loss of the material. The products synthesized at 1600 °C have excellent microwave absorption properties. At the thickness of 1.3 mm, it achieves a reflection loss of −32.5 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz. This study broadens the way for the potential reuse of waste paper and glass, and provides a useful reference for the preparation of low-cost microwave absorbing materials.

Improving the Food Supply Chain in Military Units

Purpose: The aim of the research was to analyse and evaluate logistic processes implemented in the food supply chain in the military system in peace conditions and to propose possibilities for improving these processes. Design/Approach: The research was conducted using qualitative methods. As part of the research procedure, process analysis was carried out using the method of modelling logistics processes in the food supply chain implemented in a selected object of study (a military university from Poland). To analyse and evaluate the examined processes they have been presented in the form of graphical maps developed using the iGrafx software. Findings: The results of the study indicate that innovative solutions (technological and organisational) have a significant impact on the efficiency of the food supply chain. It is necessary to support logistic processes with traceability and RFID technology as well as adaptation to EU requirements in the field of short supply chains and building partnerships under civil-military cooperation. Practical Implications: The results can be used to improve the operation of the food supply chain for military units in peacetime by improving logistics processes using innovative methods of traceability to identify and track the flows of goods (food). Conducted analyses have significant practical implications for the design of new or modernising agility supply chains in military units in peacetime. Originality/Value: Due to the importance of these issues for the effective implementation of logistics processes in the military system, it is necessary to understand and promote the aspect of improving the food supply chain in a scientific and practical dimension. The specificity of the system of military supply chains, high level of rigidity and multi-faceted risk analysis limits the possibility of using common solutions on the civil market.

The organization of club football in Denmark – a contemporary profile

ABSTRACT This article provides an understanding of the organization of Danish club football, including both grassroots and professional activities. We do this by analysing how it has developed and how it relates to four basic social orders viewed as ideal types; civil society, market, state and associations. Our study is grounded in document analysis, a questionnaire survey and existing knowledge of sports clubs and, in particular, football clubs. Our findings show how Danish football is a game that operates between these social orders. We highlight four unique traits: firstly, the existence of an overall formal, bureaucratic, non-profit, rather autonomous associative decentral democratic structure; secondly, a high number of non-profit, democratically organized grassroots clubs of different sizes spread around the country; thirdly, late professionalism; and fourthly, the creation of a certain business model of professional Danish football.

The Use of Instrumental Methods to Identify Liquid Fuels Applied in the Polish Armed Forces

Abstract The publication topic is to present the research results on the identification methodology of liquid fuels used in the Polish Armed Forces and beyond them. The part related to the use of non-standard instrumental methods to recognise the differences between various types of products was presented. The results of testing the samples of diesel fuels and fuels for aircraft turbine engines both from the civil market and from the stock of the armed forces were described. The usefulness of chromatography, infrared (IR) spectrometry and UV-VIS spectroscopy as instruments being an element of the procedure of the fuel type and origin identification was presented.

Calculation and position optimization on vapor cooled shield for liquid hydrogen storage

The ZBO (zero boil off) storage of liquid hydrogen (LH2) has broad prospects in aerospace and civil market. Because of low critical temperature and volatility, LH2 tank poses severe requirements to the insulation system (multilayer insulation (MLI) is considered to be the most promising). In order to reduce heat leak into tank, vapor cooled shield (VCS) was set up to cool the MLI by retrieving the cold energy of discharged low temperature GH2. In this study, a simplified physical model is established to investigate the optimal position of VCS in MLI, and the influence of various factors on the performance of VCS has been analysed. Taking the minimum heat leak as the target, the best installation position is around 50% in MLI (inside looking outward) for the given condition. The heat leak of the tank can be reduced by 48.03% at most.

Thermodynamic modelling and optimization of self-evaporation vapor cooled shield for liquid hydrogen storage tank

This paper presents an optimization study on self-evaporation vapor cooled shield (VCS) in liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage tank with multilayer insulation (MLI). Production from other clean energy sources (such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy) and combustion without pollution make H2 a promising renewable energy source to reduce air pollution and greenhouse effect. Due to the advantages of low pressure and high energy density, LH2 storage has broad prospects in aerospace and civil market. Because of low critical temperature and volatility, LH2 tank poses severe requirements to MLI. In order to reduce heat leak into tank, VCS was set up to cool MLI by retrieving the sensible heat of discharged cryogenic gas hydrogen (GH2). In this study, a simplified thermodynamic model is established to investigate the optimal position of VCS in MLI, and the effect of VCS on heat leak into tank and temperature profile through MLI has been studied. Compared with heat leak without VCS, the maximum decrease with Single-VCS is 50.16% and Double-VCS by 59.44%. VCS can also play a positive role under the condition of vacuum failure, and its inhibiting the sharp increase of heat leak is of great significance in emergencies.

Responsible Design of Drones and Drone Services - A Synthetic Report

The term “drone” is the common language of all types of aircraft without a pilot on board and their ancillary components, such as a control station, if applicable. In addition to the common term “drone”, other terms and acronyms, among others, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Unmanned Aircraft (UA), Pilotless Aircraft and Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) are also widely used in publications. In the past 5 years, drones have demonstrated significant growth in civil market as not only a leisure product but also a tool which can provide professional services. Professional uses of drones include, among others, agricultural services, surveillance, search and rescue, monitoring and inspection, parcel delivery and picturing and filming. Compared to conducting those services above by manpower, drones provide services in higher efficiency and accuracy, decrease the cost of actions, and expand the accessibility. The deployment of drones has impacts on individuals, the society and the environment. The potential threat to aviation safety as well as the safety of persons and properties on the ground is a central issue. In addition, given that drones are very often equipped with cameras and sensors, the potential violation to personal privacy and data protection by drone users is the major barrier that hinders the public acceptance of drone applications.

Traces of civil economy in early modern Franciscan economic thought: an education essay for civilisation and integral human development

After a brief historical reconstruction of the emergence of the market economy as a model of social order in Europe, dating back to the eleventh century – the century of the commercial revolution – the paper focuses on the decisive contribution of the Franciscan school of thought to furnish the theoretical infrastructure of the new mode of organizing the economic sphere. The argument proceeds discussing the reasons why already at the end of the sixteenth century the civil market economy progressively gave way to the capitalist conception of the market that became dominant at the time of the Industrial Revolution. The exposition closes, suggesting the main reasons why in the last two decades the civil economy perspective is gaining new ground, in particular, why the category of the common good is attracting more and more attention among both economists and policy-makers.

Ratarska proizvodnja u vojnoj ustanovi 'Morović'

The subject of the research in this paper is crop production in the military institution 'Morović', which is carried out in three plants: 'Karađorđevo', 'Grabovci' and 'Morović'. Enforcing the Public Procurement Law, the defense system procures primary food products in the civil market, and not from its own production, which made the military institution 'Morović' to place its entire crop production in the civil market. In the period from 2010 to 2013, the military institution 'Morović' farmed 2,494 ha whereas in 2014 agricultural area for farming increased to 5,134 ha. In 2015 the military institution 'Morović', as the subject of the state contract for business and technical cooperation with the company 'Al Rawafed Serbia' Belgrade, has handed over 3,534 ha of agricultural land in the plant 'Karađorđevo' to the joint company of the Republic of Serbia and the United Arab Emirates. In the period from 2013 to 2015, the profit of the military institution 'Morović' decreased by 62.2%, and the result of crop production in the same period decreased by 85.0%. During 2014, due to adverse weather conditions, crops were destroyed at 106 ha in the plant 'Karađorđevo', which decreased inflow of money into this institution.

Comparative Aspects Regarding The Regulation Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract The technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has constantly developed in the last decade, becoming a key feature of the military programs and operations in Europe and the US, and the industry market has considerably grown. The vast majority of this growth is at the US level, whose military budget is bigger than of any other state in the world. On the other hand, with respect to the civil market, the sale of these kinds of aircrafts is in its initial stages, even though there are lots of fields in which it can be applied. In general, the states have begun to take legislative measures so that the unmanned flight of such an aircraft in areas open to civil aircrafts is controlled, so that any danger to the civil aircrafts should be avoided. The countries of the European Union that have not legislated this field are subject to Regulation 216/2008/EC regarding common norms in the civil aviation field and the Chicago Convention. Furthermore, all EU states are NATO members and thus apply in principle the norms established by the North-Atlantic Organization.

Automation of 3D Building Model Generation Using Quadrotor

Recently, in course of the last development in information technology, control algorithms, models and simulators of buildings management, an essential role in given to 3D information modeling BIM in order to facilitate, improve and expand structure related services. A building model is generated combining images taken from different angles. The share of aerial photo acquisition is noticeably augmenting. Chronologically, this has started since the migration of the unmanned vehicle technologies to the civil market. As a result, a generation of sophisticated aerial machines equipped with high-resolution cameras can provide photographs of a surface taken from different angles allowing generating fairly accurate 3D models. The risk analysis shows that the human factor represents the biggest probable technical disturbance in the image acquisition process. Hence companies dealing with such projects try to minimize the role of the human-operator by automating the workflow. Automated aerial photo acquisition can be a solution. The quality of 3D building model, that we are trying to present in this paper, is directly related to the optimized usage, flight stability and the efficiency of the electronics. From a robotic point of view, reliable positioning of unmanned machine is an up-to-date technical task. In this paper, we will be identifying the quadrotor as an unmanned aerial vehicle performing photogrammetry. Such model was chosen because of its size, cost, maintenance-friendly and most important its maneuverability. On the other hand, the quadrotor does not offer long flight range and it is not stable. In order to improve the stability we suggest to identify and eliminate the noises acquired by sensors readings, and, on the other hand, to develop adaptive fuzzy logic position controllers to deal with the external wind factor. The effectiveness of the stabilization systems is endorsed with simulation and experimental results.

The Role of Organized Labor in Civil Society

AbstractOrganized labor has served as a valuable element of civil society. The focus of this inquiry is how the decline of organized labor contributes to the weakening of the civil sphere. I first assess how unions have historically contributed to the positive functions of civil society. I then review the various factors that have led to the deterioration of organized labor and comment on the current state of the labor movement. I conclude with a discussion of the implications in terms of civil society and market culture.

Logit and principal component analyses of the management of marine protected areas in North-Eastern Iloilo, Philippines

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered a common tool for the protection of coastal, marine and fishery resources. Recently, literature on fishery management has been paying attention to the importance of the social dimensions of MPAs and their impacts on MPA success. This paper presents an overview of the management of MPAs in the region of North-Eastern Iloilo, Philippines, and examines the interaction between the civil society and market forces of different institutional arrangements. Using the logit and principal component analyses, the paper shows that the conflicts between economic actors are still in existence today, and knowledge appears as a key factor for evaluating MPA success. Moreover, having MPAs does not seem to bring the communities any other benefit than the stated objectives, such as food security and marine conservation. The paper also discusses how contrasting objectives and expectations from various stakeholders could exacerbate conflict in the management of MPAs.