Civil Engineering School Research Articles

EDITORIAL: Fostering Creativity in the Conceptual Design of Structures

This issue of Structural Concrete is partially dedicated to the conceptual design of structures and gathers extended versions of some papers presented at the International fib Symposium on Conceptual Design of Structures held in Madrid, Spain, from 26th to 28th September 2019 and some additional related papers as well. The symposium, jointly organized by the fib and the Spanish Association of Structural Engineering (ACHE), represented a great opportunity for young engineers and architects to meet more experienced designers and to discuss and share thoughts about the conceptual stage of the design process. The main mission of the Symposium was to promote, communicate and teach the value of creativity in structural engineering. This is quite challenging: rather than being the result of a sudden moment of inspiration, creativity appears to be the fruit of a serious, systematic and ambitious work in the search for the most adequate solution to a given question. Although conceptual design plays a leading role in defining the end-performance of structures, it is actually rarely taught in civil engineering schools. Commonly to other creative fields (e.g. architecture, literature, culinary arts, painting, etc), successful processes are context-dependent, experience-based and principle-driven. New training modes, deeper understanding of history, and the advent of new tools and technologies sets forth new possibilities for creative endeavours. Conceptual design also plays a leading role in defining the performance of structures. Facing new global challenges and embracing new technological opportunities, structural designers are encouraged to develop more creativity in their projects. Each project, even the simplest one, is always an opportunity to create! The contributions included in this Special Issues offer a very interesting exchange of expertise on creative processes in structural engineering; they cover a wide spectrum of topics ranging from the development of new materials (e.g. textile RC, UHRC) to the application of tools and methods (e.g. graphic statics) for the conceptual design of structures. The heterogeneity of subjects demonstrates the wide spectrum of topics that can be considered as relevant for the conceptual design stage. We hope you enjoy reading this issue and wish you new insights and inspirations for a more creative approach to the Conceptual Design of Structures!Hugo Corres Peiretti,Universidad Politécnica de MadridFHECOR Ingenieros ConsultoresLeonardo TordiscoUniversidad Politécnica de MadridCorentin FivetStructural Xploration Lab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

PREFACE

This publication consists of the peer-reviewed papers from the National Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (NCSET 2020), which was organized by the School of Electrical Engineering at Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai during the period from May 11-12, 2020. However, due to the COVID 19 pandemic the conference was held Online. The main objective of NCSET 2020 is to provide an opportunity for our research scholars to exchange their research outputs and innovative ideas in different domains of Science, Engineering and Technology, ably guided by our faculty members. This proceeding will include presentations on the niche research areas in the above disciplines.The inaugural session of the conference had the felicitation address by Dr.V.S.Kanchana Bhaaskaran, Pro-Vice Chancellor, VIT Chennai. The conference was inaugurated virtually through the zoom platform on May 11, 2020 by the Chief Guest of the event Mr.Balaji Selvaraju, Founder and Managing director Prominds Global Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad. The chief guest elaborated in detail on the long term skills to be acquired by post graduate engineers and research scholars especially under the prevailing Covid 19 pandemic situations. The conference had two keynote Speakers. The first keynote address was delivered by Mr.Karnam Sathiskumar, Managing Director, Engineering Par Formulations, Chennai. He shared about his experiences at VIT Vellore as an undergraduate student of Mechanical Engineering. The second keynote speech was by Mr.V.K.Arunshankar, who is a Trainee Engineer at Danfoss Electric Drives Division, Orgadam Chennai.This year NCSET 2020, had more than 175 participants from VIT Chennai. A total of 171 research articles were submitted and based on the double-blind peer review process 75 full length papers were accepted to be published with Journal of Physics IOP Conference Series. The evaluation of all the papers was performed based on the reports from anonymous reviewers.We would like to take this opportunity to deeply express our heartfelt appreciation to Dr. G. Viswanathan, Founder and Chancellor, Vellore Institute of Technology; Dr. Sekar Viswanathan, Vice President, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus; Dr. Sandhya Pentareddy, Executive Director, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus; Dr. Anand A. Samuel, Vice Chancellor, Vellore Institute of Technology; Dr. V. S. Kanchana Bhaaskaran, Pro-Vice Chancellor, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus; Dr.A.Peer Fathima, Professor and Dean, School of Electrical Engineering; Our special thanks to all our Keynote Speakers, Session Chairs, all the Committee Members and Reviewers involved in the technical evaluation of conference papers.VIRTUAL DISCLAIMER FOR NCSET 2020:• As it was uncertain about when COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions across the globe would end, the conference was conducted in virtual mode considering the safety of the participants.• The conference was not postponed to a later period because the scientific community cannot share their research findings and there would have been a delay in publishing their research work.• The virtual conference was organized by Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai during May 11& 12, 2020 using video conferencing platforms like Microsoft Teams and Zoom.• The conference had 2 keynote speakers; each delivered their talk related to the theme of the conference.• The School of Computer Science and Engineering had a total of 22 Tracks, School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering - 6 Tracks, School of Electronics Engineering - 8 Tracks, Business and Management - 4 Tracks.• At the end of the keynote session, audiences were provided time to clarify their doubts with the speaker and a member from the organizing committee summarized and thanked the speaker.• With regard to the paper presentation, the panel members (session chairs) and audience were given the opportunity to ask questions to the authors regarding their research findings for a duration of 5 minutes.• NCSET2020 had 175 participants from VIT Chennai Campus and Eminent Keynotespeakers from India.• All the submitted papers were initially screened for plagiarism using TURNITIN software and only those papers which had less than 10% plagiarism were selected for presentation in the conference. Moreover, all the presented papers were double blind peer reviewed by two reviewers and the authors were instructed to submit the revised manuscript based on the reviewers comments.• NCSET2020 has been conducted successfully during May 11 & 12, 2020. The next edition of the NCSET2020 is planned on November 2020.Best Regards,Editors, Dr.A.Peer Fathima Dr.L.Premalatha Dr.N.Senthil Kumar

Possibilities of BIM-FM for the Management of COVID in Public Buildings

The COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 49.7 million reported cases and over 1.2 million deaths globally confirmed deaths at the time of writing, demands global action to counteract this virus. It is widely accepted that COVID-19 is a long-term pandemic that will require a constant and innovative range of mitigation approaches to protect public health. This paper provides infrastructure facility management (FM) systems based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) to reduce the likelihood of COVID-19 infections indoors. Although there are several factors for dealing with COVID-19, the sole focus of this project is to reduce crowding and facilitate social distancing between occupants. The significance of this research relies on the use of mathematical methods, BIM, programming as well as FM tools and databases to achieve safer management of large and populated public buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The infrastructure management example refers to the Civil Engineering School at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. It is based on mathematical applications to find the paths of people paths inside the infrastructure and is synchronized with in-house developed software and the Internet domain as source and input data.

Developing theory from practice: A case study in civil engineering airport design problem‐based learning

AbstractIn Spain, the students of the Master of Sciences (MSc) level in Civil Engineering have competencies in airport design, construction, conservation, and exploitation. Considering the need for improving the knowledge of these students in this area, the School of Civil Engineering of A Coruña implemented in the subject of Infrastructure of Roads and Airports (ICA) a brief workshop on airport design. This paper presents a case study in which problem‐based learning techniques were applied in this airport design workshop. To promote the students' interaction and improve their social skills, the workshop activities were conducted as onsite tasks. The workshop starting point was an individual real case of airport runway design. Master classes, practical lessons, private tutoring, specific software, audio‐visual material, and supporting documentation posted on the ICA Moodle site were used as teaching and learning resources. In particular, an analysis of the basic International Civil Aviation Organization standards on airport design was used by the students to solve their problem. In addition, for the design of the runway orientation, the ICA students used both the Federal Aviation Administration's WindRose computer online application and the traditional manual method. The results of both methods were critically compared. The high level of satisfaction indicated by the survey conducted at the end of the subject indicated the success of this teaching and learning methodology.

BIM-Based Educational and Facility Management of Large University Venues

The aim of this paper was to provide a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based management system for the Civil Engineering School (ETSICCP) at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid with a long-term development perspective. A Building Information Modeling (BIM) management system for complex infrastructure facilities demands a detailed 3-Dimensional model according to future management requirements. In this study, the infrastructure of the ETSICCP was modeled on various phases and synchronized with not only external educational information but also with facility management (FM) parameters. The methodology followed in this study ranges from the blank paper to a BIM-based detailed FM system oriented to educational scheduling throughout the infrastructure providing real time information synchronized with spreadsheets and a 3-D model. The result of this paper provides multiples future management lines, like COVID-19 BIM-management or synchronization with local public transports’ applications (mainly metro and bus transport systems), through a public accessible Application Programming Interface (API). The significance of this research relies on the generation of an information and management system, based on a BIM model of a university campus. This project was designed for all the agents involved in its operation, students, lecturers, and managers. All these agents have a level of access appropriate to their needs and functions within the institution.

New Perspectives for BIM Usage in Transportation Infrastructure Projects

Although there is already a great amount of scientific literature dealing with the use of building information modeling (BIM) in engineering activities, the majority refer to successful case studies using the usual methods and technology of building construction but rarely bring up the real problems for implementing BIM methodology to the field of transportation infrastructure. It must be also considered that the construction activity is only a part of the infrastructure life and the stakeholder must consider the works of enlargement, renewal, and maintenance of the infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is not only to show a mere review of the existing literature but also present a rational analysis for the use of BIM in different areas of civil engineering. For that purpose, the gathered experience in the use of BIM in civil engineering projects in the final course of Civil Engineering Master Studies in the Civil Engineering School (ETSICCP) at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid were compared with the reported literature. This way, a complete and updated information regarding tendencies, applications, and practice along with limitations and benefits can be presented. The significance of this research relies on the original insight of BIM for civil engineering applications through four case studies. Two of them were focused on construction possibilities and the other two on the possibilities in the exploitation, rehabilitation, and maintenance. The results showed that despite the lack of previous experiences, the use of BIM methodology is possible for activities such as maintenance, managing, or expansion of infrastructure by applying different specific software packages. Among the main problems needing to be addressed are the following: handling of big data files, the integration of new data non-related with the modeled object, and interchange of data without losing information. That proves the need of new more efficient techniques to overcome the challenge of the full use of BIM in the civil engineering field and obtain the mutual advantage of the co-operation of the academic and industrial worlds.

DIGITAL TWINNING OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT – AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPIC FOR INNOVATION IN DIDACTICS

Abstract. The concept of a Digital Twin (DT) takes an increasingly important role in the construction industry and related research fields. It is a concept associated with Industry 4.0; however, the scientific literature does not provide a unique and clear definition of this concept. This paper aims to analyse the definitions of the digital twin to clarify this concept in the related fields of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). Moreover, this work proposes and employs the concept of a Digital Twin as an objective for a project-based learning approach in a didactical setting. As an interdisciplinary approach, this work demonstrates the potential impact on the traditional didactical frameworks in the educational domain of construction and its value as an opportunity to introduce interdisciplinary expertise to all students in these fields. This work presents a use case applying the concept at the School of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geomatics of FHNW.

Preface

2019 2nd International Symposium on Traffic Transportation and Civil Architecture (ISTTCA 2019), organized by Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Co., Ltd. of CCCC, was successfully held on December 13-15, 2019 in Chengdu, China. We are now pleased to present you the proceedings of ISTTCA 2019 and share the latest research achievements with the experts and scholars around the world.ISTTCA 2019 is an international forum for presentation of the technological advances and research results in the fields of traffic transportation and civil architecture, with the aim of bringing experts and practitioners around the world to share scientific knowledge, discuss the existing problems and challenges, and explore the research frontiers in these fields.We are honored to have Prof. Aimin Liu and Prof. Jinfang Hou from Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Co., Ltd. of CCCC to co-chair this conference, who also gave marvelous keynote speeches on site. We also have two more distinguished keynote speakers to share their insightful talks. Prof. Yuhang Wang form School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China, presented a speech on High Performance Wind Power Structures base on Steel-Concrete Composite Technology. A. Prof. Dr. Law Teik Hua from Universiti Putra Malaysia shared his research on A High Engagement Training Method for Hazard Detection at Construction Site in Malaysia.ISTTCA 2019 aims to present the latest research and results of scientists related to traffic transportation and civil architecture. Therefore, we compiled a lot of excellent papers featuring the latest advanced studies on the following topics: Traffic Engineering, Transportation System, Civil Engineering, Architecture, Building Materials and Engineering Management, and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We would like to thank all the participants, who have made this conference a great success. Our special thanks go to our keynote speakers as well as all the authors for sharing their latest research results. We hope all the participants have had a wonderful time at the conference. We hope that those volumes will not only provide the readers a broad overview of the latest advances but also provide the researchers a valuable summary and reference in this field.The Organizing Committee of ISTTCA 2019List of Committee members are available in this pdf.

Preface

The IAECST-International Conference on Architecture, Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (ACHE 2019), jointly organized by Hohai University and Southeast University, was held in Guangzhou, China on December 20-22, 2019. With the aim of enhancing the academic exchange between China and other foreign countries and boosting the development of Architecture, Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, ACHE 2019 was held to bring experts and scholars around the word together to share the latest research, discuss the existing problems and challenges, and explore the frontier technologies in the fields of Architecture, Civil and Hydraulic Engineering.During the conference, Prof. Liaojun Zhang from Hohai University served as our conference Chairman, who also gave a marvelous speech on site. Then we had Prof. Wang Jingquan, Dean of School of Civil Engineering at Southeast University to share his insightful speech on Bridge and Tunnel Engineering. Followed by them, Prof. Zou Degao, representing Dalian University, gave a speech on anti-seismic design of underground structure engineering, and Prof. Wu Chengqing, representing University of Technology Sydney, talked about his analysis and design of structures under blast loading.We are happy to present the proceedings of ACHE 2019 covered a wide variety of topics including geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, disaster prevention & reduction and protection engineering, water resources and hydrological research, and other related areas. All paper have been through rigid review process to comply with the requirements of international publication.The Committee of ACHE 2019List of Committee members are available in this pdf.

Preface

PREFACE NCWE & ISSCE 2019After the success of the 1st and the 2nd NCWE in 2017 and 2018 respectively, once again we have organized the 3rd NCWE from 12th to 13th July 2019. But time we have paired up with seminar entitled ISCCE (International Seminar of Sustainable Construction Engineering) that is co-organised with our international partner (Beijing Jiaotong University, China).Just like the previous conferences we have co-organized with the School of Civil Engineering of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and also proud to team up for the first time with another university from Indonesia which is Universitas Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH). Co-organizing with not one but two universities would certainly add more values and symbionts like mutual benefits.All the four speakers are well known for their tremendous contributions in terms of knowledge and research outputs. Prof Yukio Tamura and Prof Shuyang Cao will be sharing on their expertise in wind engineering, Dr Ade Faisal in earthquake disaster meanwhile Associate Prof Guoqing Jing on his innovation related with railway engineering.In line with the theme of the conference, ‘Built to last’, we have upgraded and emerged from colloquium to a conference status. This time around we have received quite a number of papers hitting the record from around the globe. This number has given the right momentum for this conference and the organizing team to give the best to all the participants. I believe from the selection of highly prominent key note speakers to the first class conference venue in Kuala Lumpur will certainly leave each participants with full satisfaction.Last but not least I would like to thank all the support from the presenters and participants. Special gratitude goes to our International Advisory committee members and reviewers whom have spent their valuable time and effort in making this conference a success. Not to forget our sponsors main sponsors Doshin Rubber Engineering and SOH Wind Engineering too.Chairman, NCWE & ISSCE 2019Dr. Mohamad Idris Ali

Preface

The 2019 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials (CCESEM 2019), hosted by school of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, has been held on September 20-22, 2019 in Beijing, China. The conference was strongly supported by North China University of Technology, Yantai University, Nanning Normal University, National Donghua University, National Union University and Universiti Teknologi MARA. Thanks for their Support and the active participation of experts and scholars at home and abroad, the conference has been a success.The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials and related areas.The conference was focus on building technology science and structural engineering, building environment and public safety, energy, chemical and environmental coordination materials, power engineering and control systems and other fields. At the conference, the speaker’s professional speech was unanimously recognized by the audience. During the meeting, participants actively participated in the interaction. The students who attended the meeting also had a wonderful discussion on the theme of the meeting. The meeting was unanimously praised.List of Organizing Committees are avilable in the pdf.

Introducing Excel spreadsheet calculations and numerical simulations with professional software into an undergraduate hydraulic engineering course

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive set of computer tools for implementing an active teaching–learning strategy on an undergraduate hydraulic engineering course, within the subject blocks of pressure flow and free surface flow. The tools comprise a number of simple Excel‐based applications, to enhance students’ understanding of basic concepts, plus a series of practical exercises using the free professional models EPANET and IBER, aimed at familiarizing students with the tools used in real practice. The application of the new methodology to a hydraulics course at the Civil Engineering School of the University of A Coruña (Spain) resulted in increased student satisfaction and engagement, as well as greater interaction with instructors and classmates. The applications and practical exercises are easily adaptable and freely available to the community to facilitate their application to other courses and/or degrees.

Correction: Zhu, S., et al. A New Digital Lake Bathymetry Model Using the Step-Wise Water Recession Method to Generate 3D Lake Bathymetric Maps Based on DEMs. Water 2019, 11, 1151

In the published article [1], the authors realized some errors in the affiliation and email address of Yang Hong, and thus wish to make the following revisions: Add the Affiliation 5 “School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA” for Yang Hong Change the email address of Yang Hong to yanghong@ou [...]

Correction: Li, Z., et al. Study on the Applicability of the Hargreaves Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Method in CREST-Distributed Hydrological Model (Version 3.0) Applications. Water 2018, 10, 1882

In the published article [1], the authors realized some errors in the affiliation of Yang Hong and thus wish to make the revisions as below: Add the missed Affiliation 3 “School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA” for Yang Hong; Correct the email address of Yang Hong into yanghong@ou [...]

An Experience Of Hydraulic Physical Model Study In Malaysia.

Water Resources Section at School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia have involved more than 20 projects in pump sump physical modeling, 4 projects in hydraulic spillway study and more than 20 projects related to hydraulic physical model. The total cost of overall projects involved is more than 1 million USD. Hydraulic physical modeling has proven to be important and efficient tool in conceptual as well as detailed hydraulic design. Pump sump model provide effective solution to complex hydraulic problems with unmatched reliability. Meanwhile spillway study is often necessary to determine the possible occurrences of hydraulic jumps, splashing over the site walls and undesired flow vortices. This research can be done accurately because the equipment is complete and sophisticated. Problems related to hydraulic physical model can be solved wisely and accurately with aid of accurate design, data collection and data analyses.

Time dependent deflection of RC beams allowing for partial interaction and non-linear shrinkage

Existing analysis and design techniques to quantify serviceability member deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) beams are generally built on two major premises: (1) full interaction through the use of moment curvature approaches; and (2) a uniform longitudinal shrinkage strain esh within the member to simplify the analysis. Both premises are gross approximations. With regard to the first premise, RC beams are subject to flexural cracking and the associated partial interaction (PI) behaviour of slip between the reinforcement and adjacent concrete. Furthermore with regard to the second premise, numerous tests have shown that esh varies along both the width and depth of the beam that is, it is far from uniform. Hence the quantification of the serviceability deflections of RC beams for design is subjected to two major sources of error: that due to the PI mechanisms which occur in practice; and that due to the time dependent material properties of shrinkage and creep. This paper deals with the development of PI numerical mechanics models with non-linear shrinkage strain variations required to simulate the PI behaviour of RC beams in order to considerably reduce the source of error due to the mechanics model. This new mechanics model will allow: the development of appropriate design mechanics rules for serviceability deflection; and also assist in the better quantification of creep and shrinkage by removing the existing mechanics source of error. Specifically, this paper describes a numerical approach for quantifying the deflection of RC beams that not only allows for the PI behaviours of flexural cracking, crack spacing and reinforcement slip but also allows for the variation in the longitudinal shrinkage strains along both the depth and width of the member. The analysis is also compared with time dependent test results of six RC beams tested by Gilbert and Nejadi (An experimental study of flexural cracking in reinforced concrete members under sustained loads. UNICIV Report No. R-435, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2004) under sustained loading conditions for the period of 400 days and the predicted deflection of RC beams have shown conservative estimates with the measured deflections.

Avaliação das habilidades sociais de universitários ingressantes e concluintes

O processo de ingresso e permanencia ao ensino superior exige do universitario o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais que promovam uma melhor adaptacao e preparo para o mercado de trabalho. Objetivou-se caracterizar e comparar o repertorio de habilidades sociais de universitarios iniciantes (segundo periodo) e concluintes (decimo periodo) de diferentes cursos de graduacao, e identificar fatores sociodemograficos e ocupacionais associados as habilidades sociais. Participaram 165 universitarios, matriculados nos cursos de Psicologia, Direito e Engenharia Civil de uma instituicao particular de Minas Gerais, que responderam o Inventario de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del-Prette) e um Questionario Sociodemografico e Ocupacional. Com excecao da Engenharia Civil, foi verificado que os alunos concluintes apresentaram um repertorio de habilidades sociais mais desenvolvido quando comparados aos iniciantes. Alem disso, estudantes que concluiram o ensino medio em instituicoes publicas e possuiam renda propria mostraram-se mais habilidosos. Quanto ao genero, homens e mulheres apresentaram um repertorio mais desenvolvido em habilidades sociais distintas. Recomenda-se novas pesquisas que tenham como objetivo avaliar as mudancas no repertorio de habilidades sociais dos universitarios durante o periodo da graduacao, possibilitando, desta forma, o planejamento de intervencoes que promovam uma melhor adaptacao e preparo para o mercado de trabalho por meio da aquisicao e aperfeicoamento dessas habilidades. Palavras-chave: habilidades sociais; universitarios; formacao profissional.

10th Asia Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference 2018

PrefaceThe construction industry has accepted innovation and safeguarded great extent of sustainability by creative applications in design and construction practices. A sustainable structure or construction practice implicates that it is judiciously deployed to challenges faced by modern construction industry. As a matter of fact, the innovation in this field has kept developing or evolving to meet the expectation of ever more demanding design requirements in addition to persistent needs for change and improvement in performance. The problems faced contemporarily by the construction industry may not necessarily identical as in the future. Nevertheless, innovation and developments should not be ceased in order to offer cost effective sustainable solution that can change these challenges into opportunities.The School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), organised this International Conference to discuss the challenges as well as innovations in regards to sustainable construction industry, which including new materials, technologies, environmental concerns and economic factors to enhance its excellence. This is done by gathering Engineers, designers, researchers, scientists and scholars from different countries all around the world to celebrate the excellence in sustainable structure and construction practices. This conference dealt with key technical under the theme of “Sustaining the world with better structures and construction practice”. Over 65 papers were presented by authors during this Conference and these are compiled in a single volume conference proceeding.The event was co-organized with Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM). The organisation is gratefully acknowledged for their indispensable support. Organising a Conference is immense and substantial. Assistances and helps from all those involved are gratefully acknowledged, particularly the members of Technical and Supporting Committee for their supports from start to finish; the Authors and the Session Chairs for their invaluable contributions.This Proceeding has been completed via camera-ready copy printed from the digital manuscripts submitted by the authors and editing has been limited to the least, where it was considered unavoidable.Tan Sri. Datuk. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ts. Tr. Ar. Noor Nabilah Sarbini

National Colloquium on Wind & Earthquake Engineering

PREFACE NCWE 2018It is a great privilege for us to organise the 2nd National Colloquium on Wind and Earthquake Engineering (NCWE) in 2018 which was held in Swiss Garden, Kuantan, Malaysia from 17 until 18 August 2018.Once again the NCWE in 2018 was successfully organized by the Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources (FKASA) of the Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) with the support from the Disaster Research Nexus, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). NCWE’18 aims to provide a platform for discussing issues, challenges, opportunities and findings relating with the wind and earthquakes in the Asian region, with an overarching colloquium theme of “Disasters in Malaysia: Tomorrow is a Mystery”.This volume of proceedings from the colloquium provides an opportunity for readers to engage with a selection of refereed papers that were presented during the 2nd NCWE 2018. Divided into few sections, the papers published here were picked up on the multi disciplines including seismology, geodesy, geology, civil engineering and environment. The papers selected depended on the quality and the relevancy to the aim of colloquium and in the interest of participants in general.There were also two key note lectures within the colloquium; Professor Dr. Yukio Tamura- a prominent professor at the Chongqing University, China, presented his lecture on the Mathematical Model for Understanding Phenomena: Physical View and Mind View, and the second keynote speaker is the well-known “Bapa Gempa” in Indonesia, Professor Ir. H. Sarwidi from the Islamic Univesity Indonesia, with a lecture on the Lesson to Learn from Recent Earthquakes.The National Colloquium on Wind and Earthquake Engineering (NCWE) in 2018 also served as a forum to researchers and scholars from different disciplines that have an interest in natural disasters and geo-hazard mitigation to share and discuss their research activities. There were some 50 participants including students, engineers, researchers and academicians whom had many fruitful discussions and exchanges which contributed to the success of the colloquium. Finally on behalf of the organizing committee of NCWE 18, I would like to thank all the presenters and participants for their unduly support. This is something that we will strive to do again in the conferences that will follow next.Chairman, NCWE 2018Dr. Mohamad Idris Ali

2018 International Conference on Construction, Aviation and Environmental Engineering

ICCAE 2018 PrefaceThe 2018 International Conference on Construction, Aerotropolis and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE 2018) has been successfully held in the beautiful island, Taiwan during November 23-25, 2018. It was organized by Vanung University, Taiwan Society of Construction Engineers and Guangdong Academy of International Academic Exchange, and co-organized by School of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Wuhan University of Technology.Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoyed a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes. Besides, professors from various prestigious universities in China and abroad were invited to deliver keynote talks describing the latest information in their respective areas of expertise. The conference helped those that are of interest to the topics to interact with the experts to get their advice and consult on technical matters, and collaboration opportunities and strategies.List of Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.