Civil Engineering School Research Articles

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 67• Number of submissions sent for review: 67• Number of submissions accepted: 64• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 95.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 13• Contact person for queries: Name: Dr. Karan Singh Email: Karan.28450@lpu.co.in Affiliation: Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India

Perface: Proceedings of the first International Conference on ‘Sustainable Experimentation and Modeling in Civil Engineering (SEMCE-2023)

The current volume comprised the proceedings of the first International Conference on ‘Sustainable Experimentation and Modeling in Civil Engineering (SEMCE-2023)’ which was organized by the School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India in association with Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar and Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Jalandhar Chapter in a hybrid mode during 10th-11th August 2023.Research articles were invited covering six themes Green and Sustainable Construction Materials, Innovation, Infrastructure and Management, Material Recycling and Reuse, Modelling, Simulation and Analysis, Energy and Climate and Water and Sanitation. The two-day event attracted 188 abstracts of research articles, out of which only 125 were selected for conference presentation after peer review. The event witnessed 145 participants including a few ‘attendees only’ also. The primary goal of SEMCE-2023 was to provide a common platform to bridge the gap between researchers, engineers, scientists and industry professionals to initiate an innovative dialogue on academic and technical exchange related to Civil Engineering. Deep-dive deliberations on diverse topics in physical inventions and engineering were also part of the agenda of SEMCE-2023.The success of SEMCE-2023 is attributed to all those who have contributed to the event. The organizers sincerely express their gratitude to all.List of Committee is available in this Pdf.

Interlocking concrete paving blocks made with treated wastewater

Saving water of better quality for more important uses is critical in the context of preventing water scarcity. Prominent in this sense is the need to study not only the technical aspects involving environmentally conscious consumption, but also the acceptance of users, since appropriate technologies are of little value if they are not assimilated. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate how well users accepted interlocking concrete paving blocks produced with treated wastewater rather than drinking water. To this end, questionnaires were administered to members of the faculty, student body and staff of a school of civil engineering, architecture and urban design in the city of Campinas (SP/Brazil), resulting in 238 answers. It was found that 79% of participants identified no visual differences between conventional paving blocks and those produced with treated wastewater, and that 96.6% were willing to use such blocks in outdoor areas of future construction work. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the acceptance of the paving blocks for use in indoor areas and the respondents’ own homes. Hence, even though its results were largely positive, this survey raised a few points of attention regarding the acceptance of the technology in question.

新形势下电气工程研究生教育改革探索——以山西大学电力与建筑学院为例

新形势下电气工程研究生教育改革探索——以山西大学电力与建筑学院为例

Preface

As a university located in the South Borneo region, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) has academic and moral responsibilities to conserve Borneo’s “lungs of the World”. Especially for the Graduate School of Civil Engineering ULM, a series of national seminars has been held annually. The Graduate school of Civil Engineering has already organized the Annual National Seminar since 2014 on several themes and sub-themes regarding sustainable development. Furthermore, since 2021, the Graduate School of Civil Engineering has been organizing the International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research (ISCEER) to improve the quality of the seminars and reach a broader range of speakers and participants also planned to be held annually. In 2022 we already held the 2nd ISCEER. The theme for the 2nd ISCEER is “Research and Technology Updates in Civil and Environmental Engineering to Support Sustainable Development”. The symposium was held on October 24 - 25, 2022.In the symposium, we discussed the latest findings regarding Research and Technology Updates in Civil and Environmental Engineering to Support Sustainable Development, including but not limited to the following:a. Structural and material engineeringb. Water engineeringc. Environmental engineeringd. Geotechnical engineeringe. Transportation management, andf. Construction managementThis symposium aims to produce documents on points of view and ideas generated by cross-disciplinary speakers who have great concern for Civil Engineering and Environmental Research in terms of sustainable development in general and specifically in green construction. This activity is expected to encourage the passion for researching green technology for sustainable development. As a result, this is moving towards sustainable development publications published in national and international journals. It becomes suggestions for policy-makers in the context of sustainable development, which are always close to people’s lives and their environments.Apart from that, in the current pandemic situation, the condition of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid -19) pandemic has implications for many aspects of life. Therefore, same as the 1st ISCEER, the 2nd ISCEER was held online using Zoom Platform. All of the Keynote speakers, Invited Speakers, and Regular Speakers from different countries presented their latest research finding through video conference. In addition to the speakers, participants followed the event online through Zoom Platform or watched live streaming of the activities through YouTube.The committee organizes online activities in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Even though it was held online, it was carefully prepared using suitable multimedia devices so that the impression of an offline event was still felt, especially during the opening ceremony. This symposium was attended by more than 200 people consisting of academics, activists, researchers, and relevant stakeholders related to green technology for sustainable development from all over the world. The conference was divided into several sessions. The presentation is held on a panel (consisting of 3 presenters) with 10 presentation times for each presenter, followed by 15 minutes of Q & A.On this occasion, the committee of the 2nd ISCEER would like to express our deep appreciation to our co-host the Cebu Technological University, Philippines, and our sponsors, Public Works and Construction Development Offices of South Kalimantan Province and others, for their supports and participation in realizing this event through enormous contributions from their sponsorships. Finally, we hope this special event can contribute many benefits to developing knowledge, especially for sustainable development in Civil and Environmental Engineering.List of Advisory Board, Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Analyzing Sustainability Awareness and Professional Ethics of Civil Engineering Bachelor’s Degree Students

Teaching sustainability and ethics to engineering students is a challenging but necessary task that has been increasingly investigated during the last few years. In this research, a systematic method to identify the level of awareness in students about sustainability and ethics is developed. Here, it is applied to students studying the Civil Engineering bachelor’s degree at the School of Civil Engineering of Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), though this method is potentially applicable to equivalent ABET and EUR-ACE accredited bachelor’s degrees. A survey was performed, and data was analyzed using Analytical hierarchical process technique; this technique determines the relative importance of each criterion, as well as the consistency of the emitted judgements, in an objective manner. These results allowed to discover that students do not have a robust opinion related to sustainability and ethics, except those students with previous experience in the construction sector. Environmental and social dimensions of sustainability and ethics were identified as the main focuses to emphasize in the civil engineering curriculum. Finally, actions to boot these principles are also proposed; potential courses where sustainability and ethics concepts could be explicitly included were selected and the inclusion of an environmental budget in the bachelor thesis was recommended, among others suggestions.

Microbial recycling of lithium-ion batteries: Challenges and outlook

Joseph Jegan Roy started his research career at the National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR–NIIST) in Trivandrum, India, and received his PhD from the University of Kerala, India. Currently, he is a senior researcher in the SCARCE program at the Energy Research Institute @ NTU ([email protected]), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. His current research centers on recycling spent lithium-ion batteries through biological, direct recycling techniques and waste-for-waste strategies. In addition, he is exploring the possibility of reutilizing recovered materials in novel applications of new electrochemical energy storage. Norazean Zaiden is a graduate of the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE, NTU, Singapore). Her interest in applied microbiology leads to biofilm matrix development for bioremediation and resource recovery applications through synthetic biology. In addition, she continues her journey in SCELSE as a research fellow under an industry collaboration studying anti-biofouling agents' effects on biofilms. Minh Phuong Do is a research fellow (materials science) with years-long experience in lithium/sodium ion batteries at Energy Research Institute at NTU, Singapore. She received her PhD from NTU in 2020, specializing in electrochemistry. Phuong uses this expertise in developing and optimizing a safe and stable battery system. Her current research focus is on the green closed-loop hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries using biomass and regeneration of high-quality battery materials. Bin Cao is an associate professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and a principal investigator at the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, NTU, Singapore. He received his PhD from the National University of Singapore and later worked as a postdoctoral research associate at Washington State University and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. His research interest centers on biofilm-mediated microbial processes, with the goals of understanding environmental biofilm processes and applying the knowledge and insights to harness the power of beneficial biofilms and combat detrimental biofilms. Madhavi Srinivasan is a professor and executive director of the Energy Research Institute @ NTU ([email protected]) and NTU Sustainability office. Her research focuses on synthesis, fabrication, and application of nanoscale materials/architectures in improving the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices such as advanced lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, sodium ion batteries, multivalent aqueous Zn/Al batteries and recycling of e-waste. She is the co-director of SCARCE (Singapore-CEA alliance for research in circular economy), a joint lab, in collaboration with French Alternative energies and atomic energy commission (CEA, France), focusing on recycling of e-waste. Joseph Jegan Roy started his research career at the National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR–NIIST) in Trivandrum, India, and received his PhD from the University of Kerala, India. Currently, he is a senior researcher in the SCARCE program at the Energy Research Institute @ NTU ([email protected]), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. His current research centers on recycling spent lithium-ion batteries through biological, direct recycling techniques and waste-for-waste strategies. In addition, he is exploring the possibility of reutilizing recovered materials in novel applications of new electrochemical energy storage. Norazean Zaiden is a graduate of the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE, NTU, Singapore). Her interest in applied microbiology leads to biofilm matrix development for bioremediation and resource recovery applications through synthetic biology. In addition, she continues her journey in SCELSE as a research fellow under an industry collaboration studying anti-biofouling agents' effects on biofilms. Minh Phuong Do is a research fellow (materials science) with years-long experience in lithium/sodium ion batteries at Energy Research Institute at NTU, Singapore. She received her PhD from NTU in 2020, specializing in electrochemistry. Phuong uses this expertise in developing and optimizing a safe and stable battery system. Her current research focus is on the green closed-loop hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries using biomass and regeneration of high-quality battery materials. Bin Cao is an associate professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and a principal investigator at the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, NTU, Singapore. He received his PhD from the National University of Singapore and later worked as a postdoctoral research associate at Washington State University and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. His research interest centers on biofilm-mediated microbial processes, with the goals of understanding environmental biofilm processes and applying the knowledge and insights to harness the power of beneficial biofilms and combat detrimental biofilms. Madhavi Srinivasan is a professor and executive director of the Energy Research Institute @ NTU ([email protected]) and NTU Sustainability office. Her research focuses on synthesis, fabrication, and application of nanoscale materials/architectures in improving the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices such as advanced lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, sodium ion batteries, multivalent aqueous Zn/Al batteries and recycling of e-waste. She is the co-director of SCARCE (Singapore-CEA alliance for research in circular economy), a joint lab, in collaboration with French Alternative energies and atomic energy commission (CEA, France), focusing on recycling of e-waste.

Development of Experimental and Collaborative Work Skills in the Students of Mechanics of Solids by Implementing a Low-Cost Torsiometer and Digital Image Correlation

The theoretical and experimental components in the mechanics of solids course at the Civil Engineering School at Universidad Industrial de Santander in Colombia are not integrated. This hinders the students’ understanding of the relationships between the loads applied to structural elements and the effects. An experimental and theoretical learning experience for pure torsion in elastic beams is proposed to address this issue. The experiment was also intended to contribute to the students’ team skills and the capacity to conduct experiments and draw conclusions based on the results. A total of 81 students organized in 23 teams used a low-cost torsiometer designed by the authors and applied the digital image correlation technique to measure deformations on specimens. The results from a virtual survey applied to the students after the tests showed the effectiveness of the proposed learning experience to enhance the comprehension of the physical phenomena studied and a positive impact on the students’ learning.

Corrigendum: Thermal performance experiment and numerical simulation of micro-PCM cement mortar composite wall

Simeon Oka, Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of the journal Thermal Science request that it is, due to request of the authors, necessary to correct affiliations of the author THERMAL PERFORMANCE EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MICRO-PCM CEMENT MORTAR COMPOSITE WALL by Mei Liang* School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI2304013L published in the journal Thermal Science, Year 2023, Vol. 27, No. 4A, pp. 3013-3028 since by the request of the author, AFFILIATION of the author must be changed. Instead of: School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China has to be written: School of Economics and Management, Hebi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Hebi, China <br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/TSCI2304013L">10.2298/TSCI2304013L</a></b></u>

Experimental Study on Steel‒Concrete Composite Beams Strengthened by Externally Prestressed CFRP Strips

PDF HTML XML Export Cite reminder Experimental Study on Steel‒Concrete Composite Beams Strengthened by Externally Prestressed CFRP Strips DOI: 10.59238/j.pt.2023.01.004 Author: Affiliation: (Department of Construction Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, shanghai 200092, China) Clc Number: Fund Project: Article | Figures | Metrics | Reference | Related | Cited by | Materials | Comments Abstract:This paper mainly studies the mechanical properties of simply supported bridges of steel?concrete composite structures strengthened with externally prestressed CFRP plates. The introduction of the prestress of the CFRP plate from the support rods can not only apply prestress to the main beam but also provide an upward lifting force at the bottom end of the main beam to reduce the deflection of the original structure. Therefore, the CFRP board is prestressed by the support rods, which can improve the speed and efficiency of rein-forcement construction. The effects of the CFRP amount, prestress size, support rods amount and other parameters on the stiffness and bearing capacity of composite beams were studied by a static test of the scaled model. In the flexural test of the tensioned combination beam, by increasing the prestressing level and the number of CFRP plates, the flexural moment of inertia of the combination beam section was effectively improved, the reinforcement effect on the yield bearing capacity and ultimate flexural bearing capacity of the combination beam was obvious, and the reinforced specimens still had good ductility. For the third com-bination beam, a CFRP plate with a 15% prestressing level and 3 mm thickness was used for reinforcement. The ultimate load carrying capacity of the combined beam was increased by 47.9%; the yield load of the lower flange was increased by 39.8%; and the stiffness in the elastic phase was increased by 21.66%. Reference Related Cited by

Virtual support platform for teaching the civil engineering school’s hydraulics laboratories at uis

El laboratorio de Hidráulica del programa de Ingeniería Civil ofreció un espacio para proponer una estrategia de integración, dentro de un espacio virtual de aprendizaje (EVA), de un conjunto de recursos que soportan los procesos de preparación, ejecución y evaluación de las experiencias de aprendizaje formuladas para el cumplimiento del programa. La implementación del EVA para este curso mediante la plataforma Moodle busca involucrar activamente a instructores y estudiantes en una experiencia de mejoramiento continuo, enmarcada en el nuevo contexto global.

Employability skills for civil engineers in Peru. Case study: San Antonio Abad del Cusco National University

Recent modifications to the higher education system aim to ensure an education with high levels of employability; nevertheless, given the current economic climate, it is difficult for young professionals to launch their careers. In light of this circumstance, the authors of this research intend to identify and compare the talents that senior students, graduates, and professionals in civil engineering consider essential for entering the workforce. This study's data were gathered using a questionnaire survey completed by 243 individuals, and descriptive statistics were employed to characterize their perceptions. The results indicate that there are clear disparities in perception; also, it was shown that graduates have negative perceptions of their skills, which generates doubts about their ability to integrate into the market. This research is intriguing since it serves as a decision-making tool for the skills taught at the Professional School of Civil Engineering.

Roads and Bridges Engineering School and Its First Regulation (1862)

Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda kurulan ilk sivil mühendislik okuludur. Okulun açılmasında başlıca etken ülkede yeni yol ve köprülerin inşası ve eskilerinin ıslah edilmesi için ihtiyaç duyulan mühendislerin yetiştirilmesi düşüncesidir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak Tanzimat döneminde ülkenin mühendis ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla Ticaret Nezaretine bağlı bir sivil mühendislik okulunun açılması tasarlanmış hatta Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebi adıyla açılması tasarlanan bu okul için 1862’de bir de nizamname kaleme alınmıştır. Ancak sivil mühendislik mektebinin bu tarihte açılıp açılmadığı bilinmemektedir. Ne var ki yaygın görüş Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebinin 1874’te açıldığı yönündedir hatta 1874 yılı Türkiye’de sivil mühendislik eğitiminin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak kaynaklardan 1868’den itibaren Mülkiye Mühendis Mektebi adıyla bir sivil mühendislik okulunun faaliyet gösterdiği anlaşılmaktadır. 1868 ila 1871 arasında faaliyet gösteren ilk sivil mühendislik okulu sadece dört yıl eğitim-öğretime devam ettikten sonra kapatılmış 1874 yılında yeniden açılmıştır. Bu çalışmada arşiv kaynaklarından da yararlanılarak Türkiye’de sivil mühendislik eğitiminin başlangıç tarihine ve ilk sivil mühendislik okuluna dair yeni bazı tespitler yapılmaktadır. Turuk ve Maâbir Mektebinin 1862 tarihli söz konusu nizamnamesi de ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınacak okulla ilgili daha önce hiç temas edilmeyen kaynaklara dayanılarak yeni bilgiler verilecektir.

Cross-cultural Education Model for Foreign Students in China Integrating Ideological and Political Education

With the deepening the “One Belt and One Road” construction, the exchanges between China and other countries in the world are increasingly frequent, the number of foreign students in China is rising, and there are cross-cultural adaptability problems of foreign students in China. The education of foreign students in China undertakes the mission of serving the national external development strategy. In order to better serve the “One Belt and One Road” construction, relying on tradition industry advantage of the School of Civil Engineering, Central South University in civil engineering and railway engineering, a set of cross-cultural education model for foreign students in China integrating ideological and political education is explored and practiced in the foreign student education management of the curriculum system, daily management, cross-cultural counseling, social practice and cultural exchanges, which can be summarized as “one goal, two combinations, three approaches, four abilities and five management measures”. This management model can effectively enhance the cross-cultural adaptability of foreign students, cultivate the emotion of knowing and being friendly to China, improve the education quality of foreign students in China, enhance the international education influence of the Central South University, and promote the spread of Chinese culture.

Academic Advising in Civil Engineering: Design and Evaluation of a Hybrid Model

A project to formalise and expand Academic Advising has been implemented at the UCD Civil Engineering School. The goals of this project were twofold: on the one hand, it aimed at training faculty members in Academic Advising roles and providing them with the necessary resources. On the other hand, the project sought to expand student interaction, in particular by engaging students informally in order to build a rapport between them and the academic advisors that we expect will bring long term benefits. The resulting model combines elements of both the prescriptive, e.g., formal training, informative talks on key topics, and developmental approaches, e.g., coffee mornings for students and faculty members. The evaluation of the project was carried out through questionnaires and focus groups. It highlighted very positive feedback from the students, who find these new lines of communication with the academic staff to be useful and productive.

CORRIGENDUM: EMBEDDED REMOTE GROUP ENVIRONMENT THROUGH MODIFICATION IN MACBETH - AN APPLICATION OF CONTRACTOR’S SELECTION IN CONSTRUCTION

Ali Raza Khoso, Aminah Md Yusof, Zhen-Song Chen, Xian-Jia Wang, Mirosław J. Skibniewski, Nafees Ahmed Memon, authors of the article “Embedded remote group environment through modification in MACBETH – an application of contractor’s selection in construction”, published in Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(8), 595–616, https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.15763 inform that several errors occur in affiliations. The correct affiliation of the first author Ali Raza Khoso should be 1) Department of Structure and Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia and 2) Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan. The correct affiliation of the second author Aminah Md Yusof should be 1) Department of Structure and Materials, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Quantifying brown carbon light absorption in real-world biofuel combustion emissions

Mohammad Maksimul Islama , Soroush E. Neyestanib , Rawad Salehb & Andrew P. Grieshopa* a Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USAb School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

DIAGNOSIS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF AMBATO

Introduction: In general, university laboratories can be characterized as a polluting source, as they use several chemical substances that are potentially harmful to the environment and human health in the development of their academic activities. Therefore, proper handling of chemical products and management of waste generated are necessary for environmental safety. Objective: make a diagnosis respect to the management of hazardous waste at the Technical University of Ambato. Methods: it’s a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which 41 laboratories generating hazardous waste were selected. A survey was applied based on the current technical regulations of the Ministry of the Environment of Peru, with 3 sections, and the results were analyzed in the SPSS 24.0 program. Results: at the laboratories of the university predominates the generation of infectious residues in the School of Health Sciences and construction in the School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, the number of containers is insufficient for generation demand or does not meet the needs (80.50%), sharps are segregated in rigid containers (75.60%), waste is not disposed of according its class (68.30%), central storage is far from medical and food services (61.00%), no treatment or final disposal is carried out by specialized companies (80.50%). Conclusions: the laboratories have an appropriate internal waste management, they have covered containers, the sharps are appropriately segregated, there is a correct middle storage. However, in the external management of hazardous waste, there aren’t routes or timetables for transport, no treatment or collect is carried out through an specialized company.
 KEYWORDS: hazardous waste, diagnosis, laboratories, waste management, universities, environment.

Preface

As a university located in the South Borneo region, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) has academic and moral responsibilities to conserve Borneo’s “lungs of the world”. Especially for the Graduate School of Civil Engineering ULM, national seminar regarding this matter has been held every year. The Graduate school of Civil Engineering has already organized the Annual National Seminar since 2014 on several themes and sub-themes regarding sustainable development. This year, to improve the quality of the seminars and to reach a wider range of speakers and participants, the Graduate School of Civil Engineering will organize the First International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research (ISCEER), which is also planned to be held annually. Theme for the First ISCEER is “Green technology for sustainable development in Civil and Environmental Engineering”. The symposium was held on November 1-2, 2021.In the symposium, we discussed the latest findings regarding Green Technology and Sustainable Development to achieve environmentally friendly development, including but not limited to:a. Structural and material engineeringb. Water engineeringc. Environmental engineering, andd. Geotechnical engineeringThis symposium aims to produce documents on points of view and ideas generated bycross-disciplinary speakers who have high concern on the Civil Engineering and Environmental Research, in terms of sustainable development in general and specifically in green construction. This activity is expected to encourage the passion for researching the green technology for sustainable development. As a result, this is moving towards sustainable development publications published in national and international journals. It becomes suggestions for policy-makers in the context of sustainable development, which are always close to people’s lives and their environments.List of Advisory Board, Organizing Committees, Secretary are available in this pdf.

Open‐source terrestrial laser scanner for the virtualization of geometrical entities in AEC classrooms

AbstractThis paper depicts a case study that shows an open‐source Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) for use on the virtualization of simple yet precise geometrical entities in AEC classrooms. For bringing this technology to AEC classrooms, an open‐source TLS was developed. The physical model was built using digital fabrication, its connectivity was established using accessible, affordable, open‐source sensors and actuators and its digital representation was developed using generative design tools. All elements together are synchronized in real‐time and the TLS becomes live, digitally twinned, geometry generator. The points that are generated by the TLS are gathered in a 3D virtual space in the form of virtual points. The present digitally twinned vision of laser scanning has thus three identified educational uses: (i) illustration of the measuring principle using open‐source hardware together with mathematics and statistics, (ii) illustration of the generation and visualization of point clouds in real‐time within a CAD environment, and (iii) perhaps with a vaster scope in AEC classrooms, illustration of the usage, analysis and identification of these point clouds. The development of this tool belongs to a vaster project for infusing Construction 4.0 technologies in AEC classrooms under development at the School of Civil Engineering of UPC‐BarcelonaTech. The illustration to students of all these concepts with accessible technological tools is expected to enlarge their vision of more advanced constructional technologies such as cyber‐physical systems for monitoring and surveying as well as digital technologies for reproducing “As‐Built” models.