Residential Areas Of City Research Articles

Utilization Driven Diversity of Public Space in Rusunawa Makassar, Indonesia

Affordable urban homes for low-income residents were built in forms of Rusunawa, where functions of public spaces in such place have been distorted from their initial functions. Study identifies the underlying reasons of the changes through observations, structured and unstructured interviews, combination of both interview, and person-centered mapping. Public spaces in Rusunawa can be categorized into eight locations (corridor, main stair, emergency stair, common room, building entrance, parking area, open space, and mosque). Variety of residents’ activities (private, social, trading, supporting, and worshiping) in the spaces was identified for analysis and data enrichments. Residents’ social background understanding should give a better planning on public spaces integration in city residential areas.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Suame Industrial Area, Kumasi, Ghana.

Heavy metal pollution in industrial and residential areas in cities has become a public health issue in Ghana. Anecdotal evidence suggests that most industrial areas have elevated levels of heavy metals in soil. As a result of poor zoning and unregulated activities, large sections of seemingly industrial areas are also used as residential areas. There have been no studies on the levels of heavy metal contamination in such mixed activity locations. The study was undertaken to identify possible heavy metals and their concentrations in soil samples collected from the Suame Industrial Area, Kumasi, Ghana. Soil samples were collected, processed and the concentration of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The concentration of all metals exceeded the threshold limit values (TLV). They also exceeded the European Soil Bureau Network (ESBN) maximum allowable limits (MAL), and are therefore considered to be pollutants. The results, expressed as mean concentration±standard deviation mg/kg (percent above TLV) were Pb: 414.83±159.38 mg/kg (418.9%), Cr: 264.84±189.15 mg/kg (353.1%), Co: 68.15±34.12 mg/kg (227.2%), Cu: 265.82±80.53 mg/kg (354.4%) and Zn: 3,215.84±4,074.54 mg/kg (1,607.9%). Furthermore, the concentrations of Pb and Co exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) residential soil regional screening levels (RSLs). The elevated metal concentrations found in the present study demonstrate that the site is heavily polluted with Pb, Co and Cr. This is attributed to unregulated activities at the site; therefore, measures should be put in place to ameliorate the effects of potential heavy metal toxicity to workers, local residents and the environment. Re-zoning of activities and clear demarcation of residential and industrial areas is advocated.

Alison & Peter Smithson의 골든레인 공동주택단지 계획안의 커뮤니티 구현 특성에 관한 연구

When the world entered the industrial age, new modern residential models were attempted to prevent dense rundown residential areas in cities from turning into slum areas. An excessive emphasis on sanitation and mass production resulted in creating a residential environment replete with 'psychological slum', lacking history and culture. To do that, This study focuses on Alison and Peter Smithson's design proposal for the Golden Lane Housing project, which was presented at the Golden Lane Housing Competition held in London. As their proposal served as an important turning point in modern architecture, this study analyzed the characteristics of architecture and communities realized in the proposal of Golden Lane Housing project, which reflected the Smithsons' architectural philosophy. This study reviewed the history of England's housing and analyzed the characteristics of community space, which was realized in Golden Lane Housing project. It also analyzed the architectural features of Golden Lane according to the Smithsons' architectural vision. It also attempted to derive the characteristics of community which were realized by the Golden Lane housing project through an architectural analysis. this study analyzed the formational system of community, which was envisioned by the Smithsons. The findings of this study will serve as valuable data in resolving problems of Korea's housing. They will also provide a clue for realizing housing from a modern perspective in a more concrete, broad way.

Festivals sparked first Maya cities

The great Central American jungle civilization of the Maya is renowned for its stepped pyramids, temples and great urban plazas, where human sacrifice may have been routine. But a surprising story is emerging from detailed examination of archaeological remains. One of the Maya's oldest known great cities, at Ceibal in Guatemala, began as a multicultural love-in. For the past decade, Takeshi Inomata of the University of Arizona in Tucson has been excavating the Ceibal site on the banks of the Pasion river, which once had some 10,000 inhabitants and sprawled over tens of square kilometers. His team's latest investigations reveal that the city's residential areas are much more recent than the first ceremonial pyramids and temples

What attracts people to inner city areas? The cases of two post-socialist cities in Estonia and the Czech Republic

Since the 1990s the inner city residential areas of CEE post-socialist cities have experienced substantial physical and social transformation. Previous studies have recorded a gradual rehabilitation of inner city housing stock and the displacement of lower status groups by middle and higher social status residents, but they have also shown that diverse social groups continue to live in the inner city. The scholarly emphasis on identifying the macro-scale factors that influence inner city change has resulted in a lack of studies considering micro-scale processes. We therefore herein attempt to address this gap in the literature by providing qualitative insight into the drivers of inner city dynamics at the level of the individual actors concerned. Our study is based on an investigation of two second-tier cities: Tartu in Estonia and České Budějovice in the Czech Republic. We found that, besides supply side factors which emphasise the conditions of urban spatial fabric, relocations to inner cities can best be explained by a combination of household socio-economic, life course and lifestyle factors. We also provide a typology of relocators to post-socialist inner cities, based on our findings.

Species Composition and Seasonal Pattern of Vespa Hornets(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Youngju Residential Area, Gyoungbuk

There is an increasing threat from Vespa wasps in agricultural and socioeconomic level as well. To determine the species composition and seasonal pattern of Vespa hornets in the small city residential area, whole year monitoring activity was conducted with help of citizen scientists involved. In Youngju residential area of Gyoungbuk province in Korea, V. crabro and V. ducalis were dominant followed by V. analis and V. mandarinia. Overwintered queens emerged and were traped from early May until mid June followed by the workers from mid July with the peak activities in the late September in 2014. Population of an invasive alien species of V. velutina seemed low in the study area but the relative abundance increased late of the season. Landscape features such as the size of woodland and green area are positively correlated with the number of Vespa caught in the traps. Seasonal patterns of 119 call for removing vespa hornets from the fire station reflected the phenology of the vespa populations in the urban area. Higher frequencies of 119 call from the house and school where young children would be densely populated imply that special care program should be adopted to mitigate the possible human health risks, supported by the longterm educational efforts of biodiversity appreciation. Further challenges exist in the climate change era with the favored condition for the IAS such as V. velutina.

Influence of neighborhood types on trip distances: Spatial error models for Central Ohio

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationships between land-use, transportation infrastructure, household, and individual characteristics and the resulting average and daily trip distances using data from the 1999 Mid-Ohio Area Household Travel Survey. Spatial error models are developed to analyze the determinants of average and daily trip distances at the person level. First, new neighborhood categories are created using K-means cluster analysis and several land-use and built-environment variables. Then, these new neighborhood categories (such as central city residential areas, medium-density suburbs, low-density suburbs, etc.) are used as independent variables to explain the resulting average and total trip distances, while controlling for sociodemographics, access to transit and bicycle facilities, and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that the residential location characteristics are a significant factor in explaining trip distances; people who live in areas that are away from urban centers and with a low mix of employment and population travel longer distances. For the Central Ohio Region, residing in lowest-density suburbs may add up to 44% to average trip distances and 33% to daily trip distances.

Research on the Traffic Pattern in City Residential Area in View of "Compact City" Concept

This paper takes the concept of Compact City as a way to solve the housing and environmental issues. Based on the analysis of the current problems of road system in Chinas residential areas, this paper discusses the road system from the aspects of foundation of design, main body direction, content and space form from the angle of design of road system in the residential area. Four basic characteristics of road system have been summarized and an ideal model of traffic pattern in city residential area has been set up.

A Research on the Development of Large-Scale Residential Districts of Tianjin

This paper analyzed the three large-scale residential districts by comparing their natural environments, residential types, supporting facilities and economic developments. It concluded that the city residential areas in modern time should follow the requirement of sustainable development of environment, economy as well as society so as to minimize the drawbacks of suburbanization.

Research of Artificial Sites Green Roof for Energy-Saving Efficiency in Taiwan Taichung

In this study, set the empirical plane pilot area planting the groove (long 425cm × width 300cm × Height 20cm ) in the Taichung City residential area on the second floor roof, planting the groove bottom-up sequence laying frame high-rise, water proof layer, drainage layer,filter layer (non-woven, water-pottery-stone), the medium layer and planting of layer, planting the groove around the hollow brick interval income side to lighten the load. Noon hours exposed roof temperature of 25.49-37.56°C, green roofs surface only at 16.45-24.69°C, 17.74-24.79°C indoor temperature on the second floor, effectively prevent the roof surface temperature rise, and thus reduce the interior roof of the second temperature7.75-12.77°C. Building green roofs to cooling, mainly to reduce the building temperature, reducing air conditioning electricity consumption , accomplish cooling and energy-saving benefits.Compare different annual electricity consumption in the same period, extensive green roof to total electricity consumption of 860 K.Watts/hours , exposed roof to total electricity consumption in 1767 K.Watts/hours, 48.67% of the electricity consumption savings, to achieve energy efficiency.

Determination of first flush criteria from an urban residential area and a transportation land-use area

Abstract This study was conducted to identify the magnitude of first flush in a city residential area and a transportation land-use area and to provide basic information related to the criteria of stormwater runoff management. Stormwater runoff was monitored at two separate urban watersheds, which were chosen to represent the distinct types of a residential area and a transportation land-use area. 25 storm events were monitored to investigate the first flush phenomena. The first flush criterion was determined by dynamic EMC and mass-first-flush ratio (MFF n ) methods. It was assessed to be 5.5 mm in the residential area and 2.8 mm in the transportation land-use area according to the MFF n method (median value). The magnitude of the first flush phenomenon was assessed to be 6.5 mm in the residential area and 6.8 m min the transportation land-use area according to dynamic EMC.

Study on Resident's Change for Sustainability at Suburban Residential Area in Local City

Study on Resident's Change for Sustainability at Suburban Residential Area in Local City

Study on Resident's Change for Sustainability at Suburban Residential Area in Local City

Study on Resident's Change for Sustainability at Suburban Residential Area in Local City

Demand response in the UK's domestic sector

The purpose of this paper is to assess the current level of demand responsiveness among domestic loads. The paper first studies different load profiles of domestic consumers which are composed of power consumption of end-use appliances. Afterwards, it differentiates those loads which could become responsive and evaluates the aggregated effect of these loads and the margin which could be derived from them. The area which has been considered is a residential area; consists of results have been demonstrated on a real residential network in southwest of the UK; small residential area in city of Bath.

Neural network forecasting of air pollutants hourly concentrations using optimised temporal averages of meteorological variables and pollutant concentrations

The new method for the forecasting hourly concentrations of air pollutants is presented in the paper. The method was developed for a site in urban residential area in city of Zagreb, Croatia, for four air pollutants (NO 2, O 3, CO and PM 10). Meteorological variables and concentrations of the respective pollutant were taken as predictors. A novel approach, based on families of univariate regression models, was employed in selecting the averaging intervals for input variables. For each variable and each averaging period between 1 and 97 h, a separate model was built. By inspecting values of the coefficient of correlation between measured and modelled concentrations, optimal averaging periods for each variable were selected. A new dataset for building the forecasting model was then calculated as temporal moving averages (running means) of former variables. A multi-layer perceptron type of neural networks is used as the forecasting model. Index of agreement, calculated for the entire dataset including the data for model building, ranged from 0.91 to 0.97 for the respective pollutants. As suggested by the analysis of the relative importance of the input variables, different agreements for different pollutants are likely due to different sources and production mechanisms of investigated pollutants. A comparison of the new method with more traditional method, which takes hourly averages of the forecast hour as input variables, showed similar or better performance. The model was developed for the purpose of public-health-oriented air quality forecasting, aiming to use a numerical weather forecast model for the prediction of the part of input data yet unknown at the forecasting time. It is to expect that longer term averages used as inputs in the proposed method will contribute to smaller input errors and the greater accuracy of the model.

Fluxes and Loading of Heavy Metals, Benzo[a]pyrene and Oil Products in Vilnius City

The concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Hg, benzo[a]pyrene and oil products (C15–C28) in bulk (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition in Vilnius city in 2005–2006 were analysed. The highest flux to the ground surface of the city residential area, reaching 1,680 mg m−2 year−1, was determined for oil products, which in atmospheric bulk deposition was estimated to be mainly in the form of solid sediments. Among heavy metals, the highest flux was determined for Zn (113.5 mg m−2 year−1), while the lowest flux was determined for Hg (0.06 mg m−2 year−1). The flux of investigated pollutants ranges from a few times, or for some pollutants, up to one order of magnitude higher at the urban sampling site in comparison to residential or background sites. Some hundred tons of oil products, approximately 52 tons of zinc and a considerably lower amount of mercury, benzo[a]pyrene and cadmium deposit yearly to the ground and water surface of Vilnius city. Metallic constructions related to transport and buildings, automobile exhausts, spills of fuel and lubricants are suggested to be the factors which result in the accumulation of high amounts of heavy metals, oil products and other pollutants on the ground surface of the city.

Geotechnical mapping for alluvial fan deposits controlled by active faults: a case study in the Erzurum, NE Turkey

Erzurum, the biggest city of Eastern Anatolia Region in the Turkey, is located in Karasu Plain. Karasu Plain, located on the central segment of the Erzurum Fault Zone, is an intermountain sedimentary basin with a Miocene-Quaternary volcanic basement, andesitic-basaltic lava flows and fissure eruptions of basaltic lava. It was filled in the early Quaternary by lacustrine fan-delta deposits. The basin is characterized by NNE-SSW trending sinistral wrench faults on its eastern margin and ENE-WSW trending reverse faults on its southern margin. Both systems of active faults intersect very near to Erzurum, which is considered to be the most likely site for the epicenter of a probable future large earthquake. Historical records of destructive earthquakes, morphotectonic features formed by paleo-seismic events and instrument seismic data of region indicate to a very high regional seismicity. The residential areas of Erzurum are located on thick alluvial fan deposits forming under the control of faults on the central segment of the Erzurum Fault Zone, which is one of the most active fault belts of the East Anatolian Region. Over time, the housing estates of city such as Yenisehir and Yildizkent have been expanded toward to the west and southwest part of Erzurum as a consequence of rapid and massive construction during the last 30 years. Geotechnical investigation has therefore been undertaken the residential areas of city in order to characterize geotechnical properties over the varied lithologies examine the potential for geotechnical mapping and assess the foundation conditions of the present and future settlement areas. The geological field observations and operations have been performed to make the soil sampling and characterize the lateral and vertical changes in thickness of the alluvial deposits in trenches, excavations and deep holes with 6–12 m sections. The soil samples have been subjected to a series of tests under laboratory conditions to obtain physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the standard penetration tests have been applied to the soils under field conditions. The geological field observations, geotechnical data and distribution of bearing capacity have been considered for the geotechnical mapping. Based on the geotechnical map, there are five geotechnical zones distinguished in the study area.

The Cottages in Suburban Moscow: A New Lifestyle for the Wealthy

The success of the Russian economy since 1998 has led to the development of a strong market in homes on the periphery of Moscow, alongside a dilapidated housing stock in the city's residential areas. The new middle class, including migrants from the energy-rich regions, is sufficiently wealthy to own a car, which gives access to newly developed residential settlements close to the main arteries from the city and in the vicinity of the main ring road (beltway), the MKAD. Despite high prices, a trend towards ‘suburbanization’ is evident, embracing ‘cottages’, townhouses and individual houses, with particularly popular districts commanding premium prices, especially in the west, south-west and north-west, where prestigious mansions also form part of the housing stock. Amenities such as the availability of forests and other recreational facilities and the existence of upgraded transport infrastructure, plus a tendency towards the use of superior building materials and fitments, are leading to a distinct lifestyle in these wealthy suburbs.

EVALUATING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF VILNIUS CITY RESIDENTIAL AREAS

The objective of this article is to propose a methodology that would enable to rank residential areas according to the indices of sustainable development and to establish the rank of their priorities. The task was framed basing on the survey performed by RAIT (Market analysis and group of survey) for evaluation of the most desirable residential area in Vilnius city. Vilnius residents took part in this survey. Only Vilnius city residential areas and their characteristic indices were sorted out from the survey performed by RAIT. A system of 22 indices defining the sustainability aspects was compiled. Residential areas were evaluated for their facilities, residential and business environment. On the basis of the surveys performed by experts, the significances of indices were determined. Application of multipurpose evaluation method COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) led to establishment of the rank of priorities of residential areas in respect of their sustainability.

Evaluating the sustainability of vilnius city residential areas

Abstract The objective of this article is to propose a methodology that would enable to rank residential areas according to the indices of sustainable development and to establish the rank of their priorities. The task was framed basing on the survey performed by RAIT (Market analysis and group of survey) for evaluation of the most desirable residential area in Vilnius city. Vilnius residents took part in this survey. Only Vilnius city residential areas and their characteristic indices were sorted out from the survey performed by RAIT. A system of 22 indices defining the sustainability aspects was compiled. Residential areas were evaluated for their facilities, residential and business environment. On the basis of the surveys performed by experts, the significances of indices were determined. Application of multipurpose evaluation method COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) led to establishment of the rank of priorities of residential areas in respect of their sustainability.