Residential Areas Of City Research Articles

The influence of the wind regime on the methanol concentration change in the atmospheric air of the city residential area

The influence of the wind regime on the methanol concentration in the city residential area, which is released into the atmosphere as a result of the petrochemical enterprise, is analyzed. The initial data are the data obtained by the automatic atmospheric air control station (AAACS). There are the time series of the methanol concentration changes, the speed and angle of the wind direction for 3 years. The analysis of methanol concentration changes in the air of a settlement depending on the wind regime was carried out. It was revealed that the quality of atmospheric air in the residential area deteriorates with the north, east and south-west wind directions. Three-dimensional diagrams were built. They display the change in the methanol concentration in the atmospheric air depending on two parameters: wind direction and speed. It was found that at a wind speed of 1-2 m /s increase the air methanol concentration in the zone of population compact residence. The ways of methanol intake into the atmospheric air at dangerous wind directions have been determined. It has been established that an increase of the atmospheric air methanol concentration is due to the following reasons: the emission of a polluted gas mixture by a petrochemical enterprise, mechanical turbulence due to the high roughness of the underlying surface, the accumulation of pollutants over a reduced pressure area, in particular, over water bodies.

Would customers be willing to use an alternative (chargeable) delivery concept for the last mile?

B2C e-commerce is still one of the fastest growing marketing channels in almost all product categories yielding to less bundled direct-to-consumer deliveries. Last mile deliveries cause costs and emissions especially in urban areas with a high density of e-customers. Therefore, stakeholders in the context of last mile parcel deliveries are interested in implementing efficient, innovative and ecological last mile concepts. Additionally, such concepts must fulfill the requirements and expectations of online customers as parcel recipients because last mile delivery is the critical link between an online purchase and the delivery to the address stated by the customer. In our customer-driven central last mile micro depot (CMD) project a potential analysis was carried out for the implementation of a CMD with the aim of environmentally-friendly and bundled last mile delivery. Our paper tries to close a research gap by examining acceptance and willingness-to-pay for an alternative last mile delivery concept from the perspective of the customer. Our empirical results based on a survey among German major city residents indicate that city residential areas are potentially more suitable for the realization of a CMD-project than other areas. Furthermore, younger and employed inhabitants are most willing to use the CMD. Based on our statistical model we are able to predict values for the willingness to pay per parcel for a specific population of urban inhabitants. A high proportion of the population in cities (60%) would be interested in participating. However, only 36% are willing to pay in addition to the usual parcel delivery charges. 26% are willing to pay €1.00 or more.

Ectoparasites burden of House mouse (Mus musculus linnaeus, 1758) from Hai'l region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The House mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758), play an important role in the transmission of diseases, both in humans and livestock, through ectoparasite carried on their feces, urine and hair remnants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ectoparasites infestation, as well as their quantitative and qualitative abundance and, prevalence in the house mice captured from Hai’l region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Parasitological investigations were performed on 70 house mice trapped during 2012–2013 from two localities (Hai’l City residential area and Al-Khitah agricultural farm habitats in Hai’l region). Captured mice were identified as males (34.3% and 48.6%) and females (65.7% and 51.4%) from the residential and agricultural farm habitats, respectively. The findings of the study showed that the sex ratio of the mice found in different habitats did not influence the level of ectoparasite infestation (P > 0.05). Therefore, we combined only sex-wise samples for each habitat and isolated habitats treated separately for our subsequent analyses. A total of 514 ectoparasites individuals belong to four species were recovered from the mice, which included 339 of flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild, 1903), 39 of sucking lice (Polyplax spinulosa Burmeister, 1835), 37 of sucking lice Polyplax serrata Burmeister, 1839), and 99 of mite species (Laelaps echidninus Berlese, 1887).The presence of zoonotic parasites indicates that Mus musculus as a reservoir, might represent a danger to the public health particularly in the two sampled areas. Results also suggest an increasingly need for further studies to assess the role of the ectoparasites of house mice and their possible involvment in transmission of diseases among these areas.

Investigation of the airflow conditions at the city residential areas

There are the computerised simulation results of the airflow around Krasnoyarsk residential areas (“Tikhiye Zori” and “Beliye Rosi”) and the impact assessment of these estates on particular areas of the city.

The Effect of Loading Type on the Amount of Effect of Loading on the Surface Settlement During Forepoling Tunnel Excavation in Different Geotechnical Conditions

Abstract Among the important phenomena caused by tunnel excavations, the settlements on the ground surface can be mentioned, which are particularly important for shallow tunnels excavated in urban areas, and especially when passing under residential areas of cities. Numerous methods such as mathematical (numerical and analytical) ones can be used to predict surface settlement. This study was conducted aimed at using modern techniques such as artificial neural networks to analyze the parameters affecting the occurrence of surface settlement during forepoling tunnel excavation. Tabriz Subway project is a good opportunity to examine the effect of forepoling tunnel excavation the surface settlement in a granular soil with average groundwater level offers. None of the performance parameters (such as the features of the forepoling protective umbrella) and the environmental features (such as the geological effects and tunnel geology) establish a unique relationship with the surface settlement, but several factors together do so. In this study, the forpolling tunnel was modeled using Plaxis software and analyzed in various geotechnical conditions (drained, partially saturated and saturated) under static and dynamic loading. Finally, the values of the surface settlements were examined.

Period of Blooming in the Plant Community as an Indicator of Human Impact (by Example of Komsomolsk-on-Amur)

Currently, phenology is actively used to display and study the effects of climate factors and human impacts on ecosystems. Researchers described phenological responses of plants to climatic and anthropogenic changes, as well as phenological features of alien species, as a factor determining the success of the invasion. In Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk region, The Far East of Russia) a database on the blooming of plants for the city residential areas and Silinsky forest was compiled on the basis of photo archive of plants. Silinsky forest is undisturbed woodland in the city. The flora of the Silinsky forest consists of 378 species of blooming plants, of which 329 plants are native species, 49 ones are alien species. The flowering plants flora of the residential areas of Komsomolsk-on-Amur consists of 518 species: 264 species are native, 254 ones are alien. Blooming was counted for decades. Comparative assessment of blooming periods was conducted for native and alien species taking into account their range and eco-phytocenotic preferences. There is a smoothing of typical features for the region in the more disturbed residential area. The alien fraction contributes to this. The June peak of blooming is disappearing, there is a shift of blooming to the end of summer. Thus, the phenological characteristics of the community can be used as an indicator of anthropogenic pressures.

The Process of Urbanization, the Restructuring of Urban Spaces, and the Formation of Suburban Residential Areas in China's Cities under the Economic Transition

The Process of Urbanization, the Restructuring of Urban Spaces, and the Formation of Suburban Residential Areas in China's Cities under the Economic Transition

Typo- Morphological Analysis as a Method for Physical Revitalization: The Case of Famagusta’s Residential District

Spatial configuration of residential districts of several cities due to changes in social structure and subsequently social needs, become incompatible with the new lifestyle. Subsequently these districts became abounded due to its function or redevelop in order to satisfying the needs. In case of being abounded, the building fall into not only functional but also physical deterioration and in case of redevelopment in most cases the entire district lose its characteristic. Professional practices on revitalizing these districts significantly needs an integrated approach for typo- morphological analysis as a diagnostic tool to interpret the evolutionary process of physical changes. This research aims to analyse a declined residential area in city of Famagusta city based on typo- morphological approaches on Conzen who is the pioneer of English morphological analysis and Caniggia who is the pioneer of Italian typo-morphological analysis in urban context. This area faced with both decline and in some part inappropriate development, which influenced the transformation of urban fabric and eventually lead to fragmented urban landscape. Accordingly, this research firstly, tries to highlight the importance of typo-morphological analysis in these particular areas. In addition, attempts to represent the methods of interpretation based on typo-morphological analysis.

The Gujun Site of the Eastern Zhou Period in Xingtang County, Hebei

Abstract In the years 2015 through 2017, archaeological excavations were conducted to the Gujun Site in Xingtang County, which recovered burials, chariot-and-horse pits and sacrificial pits, house foundations, water wells, ash pits, kilns, ash ditches and other features, from which artifacts made of gold, bronze, jade, stone, bone, horn and antler, shell and cowry, pottery, etc. were unearthed. The date of this site was from the late Spring-and-Autumn Period to the mid and late Warring-States Period, in which the city site, burials and residential areas were existing together; their dates, locations and cultural connotations are all closely related to the Xianyu tribe and Zhongshan State, especially the chariot-and-horse and animal victim pits with unique form were the first archaeologically discovered remains of this type. The discovery of the Gujun Site reflected the convergence and evolutions of the cultures of the ethnic groups in the Northern Frontier Zone and the Huaxia System, and provided important materials for the researches on the processes of the Sinicization of the northern ethnic groups such as Rong and Di and the configuration of the Chinese nation as a pluralistic integration.

Stigmergic behaviour and nodal places in residential areas: Case of post-socialist city Kharkiv in Ukraine

The study of urban development and regeneration of residential areas in the cities are mainly focused on the separate infrastructural systems and less how networks of infrastructural systems and their elements, as nodal places, interact with the existing living environment and its urban tissue. The central goal of the paper is to examine contemporary residential areas of low liveability with nodal places of logistics and services infrastructural networks, with an eye on existing urban policies and application of transdisciplinary concept of stigmergy in contemporary urban environment. Research objectives: (a) conceptualisation of stigmergic process in urban planning; (b) overview of socialist and post-socialist urban policies for residential areas; (c) stigmergic behaviour in the development of nodal places in residential areas. Methodology: Use of Earth Time Observation Systems for identification of urban changes of nodal places under the stigmergic behaviour in the case study residential area in post-socialist city in Ukraine; contextualization of the case study with the categories: Ideology, Institutional level, Politics, Economics, Mobile Infrastructures. Discussion and conclusion: (a) as concept, stigmergic behaviours are efficient, but work as a self-organization form; (b) urban policies should, under the stigmergic behaviours, contextualize changes, continue or prevent the process.

Appraisal of public park accessibility in South African cities

Underutilisation of public parks in the residential areas of South African cities is a challenge. Although accessibility, environmental and social factors are argued to be some of the challenges for the utilisation of parks, the challenges of accessibility – particularly in the residential areas of cities are least explored. This study examined the most important accessibility factors that influence the use of public parks and how the utilisation of public parks can be improved in the residential areas of South African cities. For this purpose, a case study was performed by using Bloemfontein city of South Africa. Findings suggest that the ratio of road network to pedestrian facilities network, the number of access streets to the parks, size (in area) of parks and the level of illumination in the parks during evening periods are the major variables, which to a varied extent influence the utilisation of parks. An optimal level of number of access streets to the parks, proportionate pedestrian facilities on the roads providing access to parks and appreciable illumination will enable significant improvement in the utilisation of parks in the residential areas of South African cities.

Wind Catcher and Solar Chimney Integrated As An Alternative Ventilation For Urban Dense Settlements In Tropical Climate

The high energy use for building operations in humid tropical climates is mostly used for operational mechanical ventilation such as air conditioning (AC) and fans. The use of large amounts of energy, especially fossil energy can reduce the quality of the environment, causing an increase in the temperature of the earth. Need more efforts for management of energy use by reducing fossil energy consumption. One effort that can be done is to replace mechanical production and utilize passive ventilation in buildings. this study is a literature review regarding the use of passive ventilation using a windcatcher integrated with solarc himneys. The use of windcatcher and the solar chimney is still very rare in Indonesia, but has the potential to solve thermal problems, especially in densely populated residential areas in cities that have the character of a humid tropical climate. The results of this study recommend criteria from windcatchers and soler chimney that might be applicable and adapt to the character of the urban humid tropical climate.
 
 Keyword: Wind Catcher, Solar chimney, Passive Ventilation, Urban Dense Settlements

Urban space recovery. Landscape-beneficial solutions in new estates built in post-industrial and post-military areas in Bristol, Poznań and Gdańsk

Abstract The limitation of territorial expansion and the implementation of the idea of a compact city are generally accepted paradigms of spatial development of contemporary cities. In consequence, actions are taken to improve the quality of city landscape and revitalise vacant areas. This study approaches the process of city regeneration as transformation and supplementation of the existing urban structure as well as creation of multifunctional, structurally, socially and ecologically sustainable spaces. The article presents the problem of creation of new-inner city residential areas. The study was conducted on three housing estates located in post-industrial and post-military areas: Harbourside Development in Bristol (UK), City Park and Ułańskie Estate in Poznań (Poland) and Browar Gdański in Gdańsk (Poland). The article includes analyses of relations between the estates and their surroundings, spatial structure parameters and architectural, urban and scenic characteristics. It includes assessment of the legibility, consistency, diversity and quality of the urban landscape.

Estimating infiltration increase and runoff reduction due to green infrastructure

Abstract To aid urban entities desiring to reduce runoff from precipitation while increasing aquifer recharge, we present an approach for simultaneously quantifying runoff and infiltration. Developing the approach involved using: (1) the Windows version of the Source Loading and Management Model (WINSLAMM) to estimate runoff from precipitation in areas with green infrastructure (GI); and (2) the SCS runoff curve method to estimate infiltration. Computed infiltration and runoff values enable the estimation of the runoff reduction and infiltration increase due to alternative GI construction modes. We relate infiltration ratios to land use for a range of event rainfall depths in southwestern USA. These ratios can aid estimation of aquifer recharge while improving storm water management. We apply the approach to a Salt Lake City residential area for current land use and three assumed runoff control practices. Although currently applicable for a wide range of precipitation and urban land use situations in southwestern USA, the approach is extensible to guide urban development elsewhere.

시애틀 공동묘지의 공간적 구조와 역사적 변화 양상

Cemeteries in the United States are frequently observed near residential areas in cities even though they are spaces for the dead. However, it has not been fully studied when and how cemeteries were formed in the process of urbanization. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the spatial structure and historical change of cemeteries in Seattle due to urbanization, focusing on the contextual relationship between cemeteries and the surroundings according to two time periods: the early formation period of cemeteries in Seattle and the current period. For this, a mixed method was taken in this paper that combined historical analysis based on old references and historic maps with cluster analysis using GIS. In conclusion, the research found that early cemeteries of Seattle in downtown areas were introduced as by-products of urban formation, but the cemeteries in the suburbs were established ahead of urban growth and neighborhood development. In addition, Seattle

A Review of Thermal Environmental Quality in Residential Areas in Tropical Cities

The development of residential areas in big cities is characterized by a vertical-horizontal growth in the center of the city and horizontal growth in the edge of the city. The growth of the city has changed Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and significantly altered the thermal environmental quality and urban heat island (UHI). This paper discusses the effects of the change LULC in several cities to their thermal environmental quality due to the development of residential area. We compare the effects of the change of LULC that occurred in residential areas in tropical cities. This study involves some factors such as the character building of residential, land cover, sun, and wind orientation. The results of this study present a map of various issues on the change of LULC in residential areas in tropical cities.

Correlation analysis between speed bump dimensions and motorcycle speed in residential areas

Speed bumps have been installed by the community on the streets of the Surakarta city residential area in various sizes to reduce the speed of vehicles passing through the street in order to protect citizens. This paper will analyse the correlation between speed bump dimensions and the observed speed of vehicles in the field. This research was conducted by taking samples from streets in residential areas in Surakarta by observing the decrease of effective speed at a distance of 8 meters before the speed bumps. The independent variables of this study are the width and height of speed bumps (cm) and the dependent variable is speed (km/h). Data were analysed using a regression equation. The results showed that the height of speed bumps is the most influential factor to decrease speed in the area before the speed bumps.

Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in City Residential Areas Based on the Receptor Model and Geostatistics

The soils from residential areas of Xi'an city were selected as a case area. The absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression (APCS-MLR) model and the ordinary kriging interpolation were combined to identify and apportion the pollution sources of soil heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn,V), the percentage of contribution of every source for every element, and the spatial distribution characteristics of contribution rates. Compared with the background values of cinnamon, which is the main soil type in Xi 'an, the accumulation levels of Pb, Cu, Sr, Co, Zn, Ba, Ni, As, Mn, V in soil of urban residential areas in Xi'an city decreased in turn. The standard-exceeding ratios of Ba, Co, Cu, Pb, Sr, Zn were higher than those of other studied elements. Three main pollution sources of soil heavy metals in residential areas were natural source, traffic sources, and fossil fuel combustion source, respectively. Natural source was the main source of As, Mn, Ni, V in studied residential areas. The average contribution rate of natural source for As, Mn, Ni, V was 69.63%, 74.28%, 68.65%, 77.09%, respectively. The fossil fuel combustion was the second largest contributor for their accumulation in these studied residential areas. Its contribution rate for As, Mn, Ni was 23.07%, 19.09%, 23.13%, respectively. The contribution of traffic emissions was lower. Their spatial distribution characteristics tended to be lower in west and higher in east. The average contribution rates of fossil fuel combustion source for Co, Pb, Sr, Zn were 59.84%, 42.22%, 44.50%, 44.44%, respectively. The performance of spatial distribution was increased gradually from the city center to the outside. The sources of Ba were given priority to natural source and fossil fuel combustion source, and the average contribution rates were 41.67% and 48.27%, respectively. The contribution rate of fossil fuel combustion source for Ba gradually decreased from the center of the city. The contribution rates of natural source, traffic source, and fossil fuel combustion source for Cu were 37.00%, 20.47% and 26.50%, respectively.

Urban Communities Electronic Information Monitoring System Design and Analysis

In recent years, with the accelerated process of urbanization, economic development at the same time, but also to the community has brought tremendous pressure on the city's residential area has been raised to a new height. The construction of the security system of the residential district of urban residents and the standard of the quality of people's life. And the establishment of an intelligent community is the key to how to establish a stable and secure security monitoring system. Intelligent system is in this premise, with the rise of residential construction and put forward the new concept. Housing construction industry is increasingly becoming a new growth point of China's national economy, this concept will also be widely discussed, become more and more clear, more and more specific.

Form & Structure of urban Housing in Duhok City

This Research is an attempt to describe the existing urban form and structure of the residential area in Duhok city as an example for other cities in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The research will study and analyze the spatial characteristic and typologies of urban housing and the transformation of its form and structure. The aim of the research is to identity the main urban form elements and livability of city neighborhoods to provide guidelines related to the future housing development. To achieve research objectives the research used “Qualitative” Methods to study and analyze the urban patterns of Duhoks neighborhoods, identify their typologies, layouts and design concepts. The Residential area in the city will be studied and analyzed by assessing settlements that represent the different residential typologies in Duhok City based on the rate and date of the development. On the other hand, the analysis of the urban patterns: the alignment and types of housing building, streets and open spaces, provide overlooking in the very detailed physical pattern of urban housing on higher scale. The main means for collecting the Data are: Observing and reviewing the maps, plans and documents from local government institutions. The results of the research identify challenges and opportunities facing future neighborhood development and provide guidelines for improving the efficiency of housing environment in the city.