City Of Valparaiso Research Articles

Design and Implementation of a Cloud-IoT-Based Home Energy Management System

The advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing opened new opportunities for developing various smart grid applications and services. The rapidly increasing adoption of IoT devices has enabled the development of applications and solutions to manage energy consumption efficiently. This work presents the design and implementation of a home energy management system (HEMS), which allows collecting and storing energy consumption data from appliances and the main load of the home. Two scenarios are designed and implemented: a local HEMS isolated from the Internet and relies on its processing and storage duties using an edge device and a Cloud HEMS using AWS IoT Core to manage incoming data messages and provide data-driven services and applications. A testbed was carried out in a real house in the city of Valparaiso, Chile, over a one-year period, where four appliances were used to collect energy consumption using smart plugs, as well as collecting the main energy load of the house through a data logger acting as a smart meter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first electrical energy dataset with a 10-second sampling rate from a real household in Valparaiso, Chile. Results show that both implementations perform the baseline tasks (collecting, storing, and controlling) for a HEMS. This work contributes by providing a detailed technical implementation of HEMS that enables researchers and engineers to develop and implement HEMS solutions to support different smart home applications.

636. De protagonistas a denegados: el doble trauma en un caso de relocalización post-incendio en Valparaíso, Chile

En el presente artículo, se analiza el proceso de relocalización, realizado por el Estado, de un grupo de damnificados por el mega-incendio de la ciudad de Valparaíso de Chile el año 2014. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo (relatos de vida y observación participante), se busca demostrar cómo este desastre constituye, para las familias afectadas, un doble trauma: por una parte, el incendio desestabiliza formas de vida consolidadas por años en los cerros de Valparaíso; por otra parte, el Estado, mediante el proceso de relocalización, genera un segundo trauma en los afectados, en la medida que reduce la experiencia vivida a la entrega de viviendas sociales, lo que es percibido por la comunidad como un abandono. A este proceso, lo caracterizamos como el paso del protagonismo- personas pobres que viven en precarias condiciones pasan a ser relevantes para el Estado en tanto damnificados- a la denegación, es decir, a la negación de la validez y veracidad de la experiencia a través de la relocalización postdesastre.

The Rearticulation of the Territory. The Role of Exposed Writings in the Reconstruction of Valparaiso

The aim of this paper is to characterize the relevance of exposed writings in the process of reconstruction after a catastrophic event, with special emphasis on two fundamental dimensions in the production of the territory: i) its incidence in the material and symbolic delimitation of space; ii) and its relevance in the demarcation of social relations with other inhabitants. A typology of four kinds of exposed writings is proposed to account for its impact on both dimensions (delimitation of space and demarcation of social relations): Marking and delimitation writings, organization writings, contestation writings, and restitution writings. Without pretending to be exhaustive, this typology seeks to provide analytical guidelines to understand the role played by exposed writings in post-disaster reconstruction processes. This paper relies on the theoretical perspective of catastrophe writings in a corpus of field notes generated during more than a year of observation in the field, interviews, walking interviews, and photographic record of different forms of exposed writings between April 2015 and November 2016 in the city of Valparaiso.

El acceso al agua en asentamientos informales. El caso de Valparaíso, Chile

En el Sur Global, el hábitat informal se ha vuelto un modo de desarrollo urbano que se enfrenta en diversas dimensiones a los modelos de desarrollo de los gobiernos locales. El presente artículo analiza los problemas asociados a la inexistencia de cobertura de agua potable, alcantarillado, red seca y colectores de aguas lluvias en los asentamientos informales de la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile, carencia infraestructural generada, en parte, por la privatización del agua dentro del modelo neoliberal chileno a partir de la década de 1980. Para ello, se realizó un análisis espacial que contrastó información obtenida de diversos relevamientos ortofotogramétricos mediante un dispositivo R.P.A.S (dron), con datos censal de propiedad de suelo y cifras de la cobertura de agua de las empresas privadas. Los resultados revelaron que la ausencia de infraestructura hídrica de la Zona de Interfaz Urbano Forestal (ZIUF) en la que se localizan la mayoría de los asentamientos informales de Valparaíso genera un acceso desigual al agua que mantiene y refuerza las condiciones de exclusión y segregación socioespacial de los mismos.

Transformaciones urbanas post desastre en Valparaíso. Estado y planes de reconstrucción

Valparaíso ha experimentado transformaciones urbanas a partir de los desastres naturales. Ejemplo de esto es lo ocurrido después del terremoto de 1906, que llevó a la implementación de un plan urbano en el marco de la reconstrucción de la zona de El Almendral y del Plan de Reconstrucción y Rehabilitación, ideado para dar respuesta al incendio de 2014. El artículo compara los lineamientos del Estado chileno que fundamentan las transformaciones para dar cuenta de sus impactos en la ciudad y en sus habitantes.

CHILEAN LEGENDS: PLATAFORMA EDUCATIVA PARA EL APRENDIZAJE DEL INGLÉS A TRAVÉS DE LEYENDAS DE PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS

Esta investigación analizó los resultados de una experiencia que busca desarrollar las habilidades de la lengua inglesa mediante la metodología basada en tareas y el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en un grupo de estudiantes de un segundo medio pertenecientes a una escuela pública de la ciudad de Valparaíso de Chile. Se recogieron datos sobre la experiencia a través de pruebas en donde se desarrollaban las habilidades de lectura y auditiva y a través de la observación del trabajo de los educandos. El análisis de los datos género un hallazgo principal: el aprendizaje basado en tareas con herramientas TIC ayudó a los estudiantes a tener un mejor desarrollo de sus habilidades receptivas en el idioma.

Personas mayores y sexualidad. Relatos y experiencias del taller “Con la sexualidad nunca se baja el telón”, Valparaíso

Sexuality is linked to older people as an emerging topic from social gerontology. The association between the decline of sexual activity as we age, as well as the loss of sexual desire are beliefs rooted in the imaginary that are not conditioned by scientific evidence, which indicates that older people can be sexually active, experiencing and valuing various practices around sexuality. However, the approach to sexuality is complex. Both, in content and methodological level, the cinema is constituted as a facilitating tool for the awareness and exploration of the subject. The article presents the results around an applied investigation, carried out during the year 2018 in the city of Valparaiso, Chile. The participants were elderly people, convened by the senior citizen communal office of Valparaiso’s City Hall, who participated in three meetings of the workshop; with sexuality never lowers the curtain. The techniques of production and analysis of information were the collective interview and the workshop, and the analysis of categorical content. The results demonstrate different meanings about sexuality for men and women. While women recognize their sexuality from their life trajectories, where the expression of affection is the center of the intercourse; men refer to a need for transition, aimed at breaking barriers to freely exercise sexuality, related to performance. The gender distinctions associated with the trajectories of life, the projection of the approach to sexuality in public policy matters and the value of cinema, as a tool that challenges and sensitizes the approach to poorly explored topics are discussed in this article.

Valoración sociocultural del patrimonio construido: análisis de conjuntos habitacionales colectivos de la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile

Este artículo busca contribuir a la comprensión de algunos conceptos clave en los procesos de declaratoria patrimonial, sobre todo cuando se trata de inmuebles correspondientes a conjuntos modernos de vivienda colectiva, y más específicamente desde las coordenadas de la valoración sociocultural, es decir, poniendo énfasis en la perspectiva de las comunidades que habitan en dichos conjuntos. El tema se aborda a través del caso de la vivienda colectiva en la ciudad de Valparaíso. El enfoque metodológico integró una doble perspectiva: en una primera fase se trabajó cualitativamente mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas con el objeto de explorar e identificar aquellos atributos patrimoniales que son reconocidos por los habitantes de los conjuntos de vivienda colectiva y, en una segunda fase, se desplegó un diseño de corte cuantitativo a través de la aplicación de un instrumento estandarizado que permitió un tratamiento descriptivo de tales atributos. Sobre la base de esto, se identificaron aquellos que son más valorados por la comunidad, tales como el diseño, calidad, particularidad y localización de las viviendas. El artículo plantea algunas conclusiones en torno a la pertinencia de relevar la percepción y prácticas de los habitantes en el abordaje, desde una perspectiva patrimonial, de los conjuntos de vivienda colectiva. En este sentido, se evidencia una tensión importante entre las dimensiones materiales e inmateriales del patrimonio, estableciéndose la pertinencia de considerar mecanismos —como los que este trabajo propone— de evaluación del patrimonio que incorporen la perspectiva de los habitantes.

Women on Walls: The Female Subject in Modern Graffiti Art

Modern day wall art featuring women as subjects is usually painted by male artists, although women graffiti artists are challenging that male dominance and there are ample examples of their work on social media. The choice of women as subjects dates back to ancient Rome and Greece where idealized female images provided a template for desire, sexuality and goddess status. In modern times, wall artists present women as iconic subjects of power, renewal, and social commentary. Feminine graffiti appears to be idiosyncratic in its subject matter—the product of history, geography, culture and political discourse based on feminine power and influence. Although it is impossible to generalize stylistically about street artists, who are sui generis by their very nature–and wall art defies easy labelling–there are some patterns that are apparent when wandering city streets and encountering women subjects on walls. This photo-essay explores women who feature in wall art in open air galleries in Western Europe, South America and tropical Cuba and seeks to define female archetypes found in these examples. The historical antecedents to modern wall art are presented followed by specific examples of wall art featuring women; succinct interpretations are presented with each example. The journey takes us to Paris, Berlin and Venice, with a stopover in the small fishing town of Huanchaco, Peru, the colourful artistic hill city of Valparaiso, Chile and ends on the worn and tattered streets of tropical Havana, Cuba. In crossing the equator and cultural divide between Western Europe, South America and the Caribbean some surprising trends are suggested in this exploration of women on walls.

Calles sucias y cuerpos indecentes: el temor al otro en la ciudad de Valparaíso, 1876-1906

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Opinion that parents of 15 to 19-year-old teenagers from public schools in the city of valparaiso have, regarding sexual education

Opinion that parents of 15 to 19-year-old teenagers from public schools in the city of valparaiso have, regarding sexual education

Políticas estatales y transformación urbana: ¿hacia un proceso de gentrificación en Valparaíso, Chile?

This study analyses the transformation of the city of Valparaiso (Chile) from the 2000's, through a mixed methodological approach, linking the characteristics of urban renewal process, agents and policies to the effects in urban morphology resulting from the unesco heritage designation. The analysis identifies the Chilean State as a key player in urban renewal through its leadership role in promoting heritage, tourism, and the ex- pansion of the university market. These growth strategies point to an emerging process of gentrification.

Ciudad e inseguridad. El discurso de la prensa sobre el delito urbano en Valparaíso, Chile, 1940-1960

This paper seeks to understand and explain the construction of a discourse on insecurity in relation to crime (against life and property) in the port city of Valparaiso in the middle decades of the twentieth century. It discusses some of the historical and structural variables of that discourse, the stories that the local press built around it ( La Estrella, El Mercurio and La Union ), as well as a particular legislative response given by the authorities of the period. Keywords: insecurity, crime, discourse, city, state, press.

Being a Woman in The World of Physics Education: Female Physics Student Teachers’ Beliefs About Gender Issues, in the City of Valparaiso, Chile, from a Qualitative Perspective

Gender Equality is undoubtedly one of the crucial discussions we are having as a society, since the past century. Science Educators can’t stay aside due to the relationship between STEM and women: In OECD countries, only 30% of degrees in the aforementioned area go to women. Education plays a fundamental role in changing the deeply ingrained social conceptions and unresolved issues regards Gender Equality and, in a broader perspective, Human Rights. Therefore, teachers must be aware of their role and beliefs on the matter. The present manuscript address in an exploratory, qualitative level, the views of a group of Chilean female physics student teachers regards their own educational experience and projections as science educators, unraveling their understandings, doubts, hopes and concerns. We performed in deep interviews, analyzed their discourse, and provided a group of ten categories of findings. The main domains of study were: parity, stereotyping, gender equality definition, and gender equality perspective in education; meanwhile the emergent categories were: naïve view of gender issues, selfsabotage, sexist behavior, parity, working environment, self-learning processes, informed view of gender issues, access, futurestudents’ learning processes, and expectations, of which the last was the most frequently addressed by our subjects. Each category is fully explained and supported by examples. Our findings are coherent with the current literature. We were able to define a clear profile of this particular group of our society: female students that are aware of gender issues in education, although with a lack of theoretical framework. Finally, it was interesting to find evidence about how females perceive gender issues regard their male classmates as well. The relationship between their experiences and the prolongation of gender issues is discussed.

Development of 3D VGA tools: an application in a case of weak heritage in Valparaiso, Chile

In the last ten years, isovist analysis has emerged as a fundamental method for reflecting a person’s visual experience in cities and buildings. However, until now, most studies have used a two-dimensional planar perspective, neglecting the three-dimensional nature of vision. This paper presents a method to construct 3D isovists that give a more realistic account of a person’s visual experience in hilly urban scenarios where a person can see places that are not directly accessible. The paper aims to contribute to the construction of objective methods to represent the environment in a more ecological way. The method was tested in the city of Valparaiso, a heritage city that spreads across thirty hills forming a natural amphitheater and whose charm comes largely from the visual experience that arises from observing distant parts of the city that are not directly accessible. The results show that three-dimensional isovists are capable of capturing the underlying visual properties of ravines and urban viewpoints in Valparaiso.

Parietaria pollen a new aeroallergen in the city of Valparaiso, Chile

Parietaria pollen has never been considered as a significant cause of pollinosis in Chile; therefore, the sensitization to Parietaria study has never been included in the study of patients with clinical suspicion of pollinosis in this region. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of pollinosis caused by Parietaria in the Valparaiso region, related to air concentrations of this kind of pollen. A cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Valparaiso. It consisted of two stages: In the first, pollen grains were counted between 1999 and 2001. In the second, a sensitization profile on a patient population diagnosed with ARC (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) was evaluated. Parietaria judaica (P. judiaca) presented pollination all year long, with aggravation in the spring and summer, and with values reaching 80 grains/m 3 (weekly average). These findings determined the transience of the symptoms in this population, which is mainly perennial with seasonal aggravations. A total of 72 atopic subjects were obtained during the whole sample recollection period. P. judaica was the second most frequent cause of sensitization (60 %) after Dermatophagoides in the sample overall. Also, in monosensitized subjects, it was the first cause of pollen sensitization. P. judaica represents the second cause of allergy in Valparai ´so and the first cause of pollinosis. These findings suggest the importance of

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an elderly population in the city of Valparaiso, Chile

Chilean population is ageing, which means an increase in the prevalence of multiple pathologies, including those located in the oral cavity. To measure the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions and to identify associated risk factors in elderly patients in the city of Valparaiso. This study includes 126 patients over 60 years. The sample was calculated with a sampling error of 3.7% from a population size of 6000 file cards. Frequency and contingency tables were made together with odds ratios, with a confidence interval of 95%. Finally, we built a predictive model based on a binary logistic regression. From the whole sample, 85 patients (67.5%) had some oral mucosal lesion. The most frequent lesions were denture-induced stomatitis (37.1%). It was noted that there is a statistically significant association between the use of denture and the presence of oral candidiasis. The consumption of drugs and the use of denture increase the likelihood of having oral mucosal lesions. There is a high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly patients of Valparaiso. The use of drugs and /or denture increases significantly the likelihood that a person over 60 years presents lesions in the oral mucosa.

Valparaíso: la ciudad-puerto más importante de Chile y la vulnerabilidad de su patrimonio arquitectónico a los riesgos sísmicos

Historical processes, Geographical conditions and seismical conditions are the prime factors that have directly determined the permanence of the architectural heritage in the City of Valparaiso, whose Foundational Area has been included by UNESCO in the World Heritage Roster. Cyclical and frequent natural phenomena (seismic activity and tsunamis) have configured a Geography that exhibits the vulnerability of its natural landscape and the risks of its cultural heritage together with the lives of its population.

Brote de queratoconjuntivitis epidémica en un Servicio de Oftalmología

We describe a nosocomial outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis at the Ophthalmology Clinic in Hospital Carlos Van Buren, that affected 150 patients, during August and September of 2006. This outbreak was concomitant with a community outbreak produced by the same agent in the city of Valparaiso that affected 681 other patients. Although adenovirus was not isolated in the nosocomial cases, positive cultures were obtained from community cases, so the diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological criteria. The infection rate within the Clinic patients was 5.2% considering the population that attended the Clinic in this period. The evaluation of patient care practices showed that common risk factors among affected cases were measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer in the Ophthalmology Clinic (without disinfection of the tonometer between patients), contamination of work surfaces (equipment, furniture), and poor compliance of hand hygiene. Control measures adopted were cleaning, disinfection of tonometer, equipment and work surfaces, and reinforcement of hand hygiene measures. With these measures, it was possible to control the nosocomial outbreak, despite the continued outpatient care of community-acquired cases.

A nosocomial outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

We describe a nosocomial outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis at the Ophthalmology Clinic in Hospital Carlos Van Buren, that affected 150 patients, during August and September of 2006. This outbreak was concomitant with a community outbreak produced by the same agent in the city of Valparaiso that affected 681 other patients. Although adenovirus was not isolated in the nosocomial cases, positive cultures were obtained from community cases, so the diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological criteria. The infection rate within the Clinic patients was 5.2% considering the population that attended the Clinic in this period. The evaluation of patient care practices showed that common risk factors among affected cases were measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer in the Ophthalmology Clinic (without disinfection of the tonometer between patients), contamination of work surfaces (equipment, furniture), and poor compliance of hand hygiene. Control measures adopted were cleaning, disinfection of tonometer, equipment and work surfaces, and reinforcement of hand hygiene measures. With these measures, it was possible to control the nosocomial outbreak, despite the continued outpatient care of community-acquired cases.