Oxford Research Articles

Corrigendum to “Heterologous Two-dose Vaccination with Simian Adenovirus and Poxvirus Vectors Elicits Long-lasting Cellular Immunity to Influenza Virus A in Healthy Adults” [EBioMedicine 29 (2018) 146–154] (S2352396418300653) (10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.011))

The authors wish to point out that L. Coughlan and S. Sridhar were both at the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK, when the work for the paper was completed.

Electrical latency predicts the optimal left ventricular endocardial pacing site: results from a multicentre international registry

The optimal site for biventricular endocardial (BIVENDO) pacing remains undefined. Acute haemodynamic response (AHR) is reproducible marker of left ventricular (LV) contractility, best expressed as the change in the maximum rate of LV pressure (LV-dp/dtmax), from a baseline state. We examined the relationship between factors known to impact LV contractility, whilst delivering BIVENDO pacing at a variety of LV endocardial (LVENDO) locations. We compiled a registry of acute LVENDO pacing studies from five international centres: Johns Hopkins-USA, Bordeaux-France, Eindhoven-The Netherlands, Oxford-United Kingdom, and Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London-UK. In all, 104 patients incorporating 687 endocardial and 93 epicardial pacing locations were studied. Mean age was 66 ± 11 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 24.6 ± 7.7% and mean QRS duration of 163 ± 30 ms. In all, 50% were ischaemic [ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM)]. Scarred segments were associated with worse haemodynamics (dp/dtmax; 890 mmHg/s vs. 982 mmHg/s, P < 0.01). Delivering BiVENDO pacing in areas of electrical latency was associated with greater improvements in AHR (P < 0.01). Stimulating late activating tissue (LVLED >50%) achieved greater increases in AHR than non-late activating tissue (LVLED < 50%) (8.6 ± 9.6% vs. 16.1 ± 16.2%, P = 0.002). However, the LVENDO pacing location with the latest Q-LV, was associated with the optimal AHR in just 62% of cases. Identifying viable LVENDO tissue which displays late electrical activation is crucial to identifying the optimal BiVENDO pacing site. Stimulating late activating tissue (LVLED >50%) yields greater improvements in AHR however, the optimal location is frequently not the site of latest activation.

The mediating relationship between internet addiction with happiness and personality traits in students

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a mediating model of internet addiction disorder, the amount of happiness and personality characteristics. Materials and Methods: This study is a correlational and the statistical population included all students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year of 2015-2016. 384 students were selected using stratified random sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan Table. They completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the NEO personality questionnaires (NEO) and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) as well as a demographic information checklist. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: Findings indicated that the first model was not sufficiently fitted, so the modified model showed a better fit with the data (CFI=0.99, AGFI=0.97, GFI =0.99, RSMEA= 0.02, I�2/df= 1.15). In this model, it was found that among NEO Five-Factor personality traits, neuroticism had a significant correlation with the Internet addiction (R=0.18). In addition, among personality traits, neuroticism had a significant correlation with the Internet addiction, and a significant negative relationship between conscientiousness and the internet addiction was obtained (R= -13, P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, a structural analysis of personality variables, and happiness showed a clearer picture of the relationship between psychological structures and addiction to the Internet.

Fifty Voices of Disbelief: Why We Are Atheists. Edited by Russell Blackford and Udo Schüklenk. Pp. ix, 346, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. £16.99.

Fifty Voices of Disbelief: Why We Are Atheists. Edited by Russell Blackford and Udo Schüklenk. Pp. ix, 346, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. £16.99.

Balancing Water Demand Needs with Protection of River Water Quality by Minimising Stream Residence Time: an Example from the Thames, UK

Freshwater resources in the River Thames basin in southern UK are faced with combined pressures of future population growth and climate change. River basin managers are seeking increasingly innovative methods to meet water demand whilst at the same time maintaining ecological status. Using a river network hydrochemical model modified to account for possible future climate and population, the paper assesses the impact on downstream water quality of changing the location of a major point of abstraction serving the city of Oxford. The rationale behind the hypothetical change, although entailing an increase in energy costs and capital expenditure, was that flows would be maintained along a sensitive stretch of river. Model results at a location a further 23 km downstream suggested that better water quality would arise from this change. The predicted improvements included a decrease in the annual frequency of low DO concentrations (<6 mg L−1) from 8–9 days to 2–3 days and a decrease in 90th percentile (summer) temperatures of 0.6 °C. It is believed these improvements would primarily be attributable to shortening of river residence time which curtails accelerated phytoplankton growth. The overall conclusion, of relevance both for the Thames basin and elsewhere, is that water quality in a river network can be surprisingly sensitive to the location of abstractions. Changing the location of abstractions should be considered as part of a suite of measures available to river basin managers when making plans to meet future water demand.

Haym Soloveitchik, Collected Essays

Haym Soloveitchik est certainement le meilleur historien contemporain de la Halakhah, le droit juif. Il s’interesse particulierement aux juifs d’Achkenaz au Moyen Âge. Grâce a sa remarquable maitrise des sources talmudiques et rabbiniques, il parvient a suivre les etapes de leur developpement ainsi que les modes de leur integration dans l’economie contemporaine. Nous lui devons deux publications importantes sur leur activite dans le domaine des prets sur gage et leur commerce du Yeyn Nessekh,...

Romano-Celtic Mask Puzzle Locks: A Study of their Origin, Design, Technology and Security. By J. Slocum and D. Sonneveld. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2017. Pp. 144, illus. Price: £45.00. isbn9781784915643.

Romano-Celtic Mask Puzzle Locks: A Study of their Origin, Design, Technology and Security. By J. Slocum and D. Sonneveld. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2017. Pp. 144, illus. Price: £45.00. <scp>isbn</scp>9781784915643.

Application of individualized navigation template in the location of femoral and tibial prosthesis in Oxford single condylar replacement

Objective To investigate the accuracy of the positioning of the prosthesis of the femur and tibia by the individual navigation template assisted Oxford unicompartmental arthroplasty and to evaluate of the value of navigation template in unicompartmental arthroplasty. Methods Twenty cadaveric legs were randomly divided into two groups (n=10), group 1 for navigation template and 2 for conventional method. A CT scan was performed preoperatively on the lower limb for navigational group. Geomagic software was used to process the CT data. A navigational template was constructed as the inverse of the distal femur and proximal tibia surface with an osteotomy gap. Two drills were used to define the rotational alignment of the femur in the computer. The navigational templates were produced using a rapid prototyping (RP) technique to assist UKA. The traditional method group was guided by the tibial extramedullary localization and the femoral intramedullary localization for the osteotomy and prosthesis placement. Both groups were performed according to the same standard. The position of the single condyle was evaluated by the anteroposterior X-ray films of the knee joint. The vertical relationship between the osteotomy surface and its mechanical axis was evaluated by CT. The parallel relationship between the central placement of femoral prosthesis and the posterior femoral cortex was also evaluated. Results The navigation template was close to the femoral condyle and tibial plateau without obvious movement. The mean operative duration of the navigation template group were 50.75±2.3 min and the traditional method group were 58.57±1.5 min (P>0.05). The postoperative femoral prosthesis flip angles of the navigation template group and the traditional group were 2.5°±-0.65° and -7.8°±3.26° respectively (P<0.05). The femoral prosthesis flexion angles were -2.9°±4.18° and-6.5°±4.25° (P<0.05), and the tibial prosthesis varus and valgus angles were -1.5°±0.50° and -5.8°±3.15° respectively (P<0.05). The tibial implant posterior inclination angles were 4.50°±1.55°and 3.05°±3.63° respectively (P<0.05). The average angles between navigational group distal femoral osteotomy surface and mechanical shaft were 89.5°±2.3° (range 87.5°-91.8°). The average angle between the proximal tibial resected surface and the mechanical axis was 90.3°±0.5° (range 89.4°-90.7°). There were 17 specimens of central column of femoral prosthesis parallel with the posterior femoral cortex. However, the angle of remaining 3 samples were less than 5°. In the traditional method group, the osteotomy surface and its mechanical axis were all angled. The deviation of distal femur distal surface in 7 specimens from the mechanical axis was larger than 10°, while that in 5 specimens was larger than 5°. Conclusion The navigation template can improve the accuracy of the femoral prosthesis localization, orientation and tibial prosthesis implants in the direction of valgus and valgus. However, there was no significant effect on the tibial prosthesis in the direction of posterior inclination. Key words: Arthroplasty, replacement, knee; Computer-aided design; Imaging, three-dimensional

Yaacov Yadgar at Oxford

We extend a warm welcome to Professor Yaacov Yadgar who has recently arrived in Oxford after being appointed to the Stanley Lewis Chair of Israel Studies. He is only the second holder of the post, ...

Barton’s coins: eighteenth-century numismatics in New College, Oxford

Barton’s coins: eighteenth-century numismatics in New College, Oxford

Harry Freedman, The Murderous History of Bible Translations: Power, Conflict and the Quest for Meaning (London – Oxford – New York – New Delhi – Sydney: Bloomsbury 2016)

Book review: Harry Freedman, The Murderous History of Bible Translations: Power, Conflict and the Quest for Meaning (London – Oxford – New York – New Delhi – Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2016). Pp. 248, £ 20. ISBN 978-1-4729-2167-3DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/ba.2018.8.1.07

Biodiversity of the Sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo

We thank the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (RISTEK) and UPT LLG CIMTROP UPR for research permissions in the NLPSF. Collection of the species records described here has been made possible through financial support from a large number of sources over the years, among which we are particularly indebted to The Orangutan Project, Arcus Foundation, US Fish & Wildlife Service Great Apes Conservation Fund, the StOLT fund of SaveTheOrangutan and the Orangutan Land Trust, Orangutan Appeal UK, EAZA, Bioparcs Foundation, Orangutan Outreach, Orangutan Conservancy, Taronga Zoo, Riverbanks Zoo, Wallace Global Fund, Ocean Parks Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Wildlife Conservation Society, Primate Conservation Inc., IFAW, Karen Hanssen Trust, the Rufford Foundation, Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Clouded Leopard Project, Fresno Chafee Zoo, and Panthera and Robertson Foundation (through WildCRU, University of Oxford). A large number of staff, students, volunteers and other visitors from Borneo Nature Foundation and other organisations have contributed to this work, both generally and byWe thank the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (RISTEK) and UPT LLG CIMTROP UPR for research permissions in the NLPSF. Collection of the species records described here has been made possible through financial support from a large number of sources over the years, among which we are particularly indebted to The Orangutan Project, Arcus Foundation, US Fish & Wildlife Service Great Apes Conservation Fund, the StOLT fund of SaveTheOrangutan and the Orangutan Land Trust, Orangutan Appeal UK, EAZA, Bioparcs Foundation, Orangutan Outreach, Orangutan Conservancy, Taronga Zoo, Riverbanks Zoo, Wallace Global Fund, Ocean Parks Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Wildlife Conservation Society, Primate Conservation Inc., IFAW, Karen Hanssen Trust, the Rufford Foundation, Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Clouded Leopard Project, Fresno Chafee Zoo, and Panthera and Robertson Foundation (through WildCRU, University of Oxford). A large number of staff, students, volunteers and other visitors from Borneo Nature Foundation and other organisations have contributed to this work, both generally and byWe thank the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology (RISTEK) and UPT LLG CIMTROP UPR for research permissions in the NLPSF. Collection of the species records described here has been made possible through financial support from a large number of sources over the years, among which we are particularly indebted to The Orangutan Project, Arcus Foundation, US Fish & Wildlife Service Great Apes Conservation Fund, the StOLT fund of SaveTheOrangutan and the Orangutan Land Trust, Orangutan Appeal UK, EAZA, Bioparcs Foundation, Orangutan Outreach, Orangutan Conservancy, Taronga Zoo, Riverbanks Zoo, Wallace Global Fund, Ocean Parks Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Wildlife Conservation Society, Primate Conservation Inc., IFAW, Karen Hanssen Trust, the Rufford Foundation, Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Clouded Leopard Project, Fresno Chafee Zoo, and Panthera and Robertson Foundation (through WildCRU, University of Oxford). A large number of staff, students, volunteers and other visitors from Borneo Nature Foundation and other organisations have contributed to this work, both generally and by contributing records; we express our sincere gratitude to all of them.

An Interview with Sanjay Subrahmanyam

Sanjay Subrahmanyam is Distinguished Professor and Irving and Jean Stone Endowed Chair in Social Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he teaches comparative history of early modern empires, the history of European expansion, and South Asian history. He is also Professor at the College de France in Paris, where he teaches the global history of the early modern period. His work addresses the economic, political, cultural, and intellectual entanglements of Europe and South-East Asia in the early modern world. Subrahmanyam was trained in Economic History at the Dehli School of Economics (PhD 1987), where he became a professor, before joining the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in 1995, and Oxford University in 2002. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Science and a member of the British Academy. His most important publications include: Europe’s India: Words, People, Empires, 1500-1800 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017); Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia (Mary Flexner Lectures) (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012); The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), and The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700: A Political and Economic History (London and New York: Longman, 1993; 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012).

Evaluation of operative results of displaced tibial plateau fractures

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate knee function in patients with displaced tibial plateau fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis techniques. Background Proximal tibial fracture is a common injury; these fractures represent surgical challenge because of the variety of fracture patterns and the associated soft tissue injuries. If not adequately treated, these fractures often cause persistent knee pain, arthritis, stiffness, and angular deformity. Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted on 30 tibial plateau fractures in 30 patients who were functionally and radiologically evaluated according to the knee scoring system. The cases were managed with open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws and using minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. The entire limb (except the foot) and the ipsilateral iliac crest were prepped and draped into the surgical field under complete aseptic technique. Results In this study, the majority of fractures occurred between the ages of 26 and 44 years with a mean ± SD of 37.6 ± 4.7 years, and the majority of fractures were found to be of type V (23.3%) and type VI (23.3%) according to the Schatzeker classification. In this study, we had 27 (90%) patients with no complications and three (10%) patients with infection who were treated with open reduction internal fixation. In this study according to Oxford and International Knee Documentation Committee knee scores, there was a highly significant difference between results after 1, 3, and 6 months. The end results were as follows: 59.3%, excellent; 37%, good; and 3.7%, fair. Conclusion Tibial plateau fractures occur due to high-energy trauma. The minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique is a good method for the treatment of tibial plateau fractures and it results in good clinical and functional outcome. The functional results of this fracture improve with time, reaching the maximum by 6 months. Despite anatomical joint reconstruction, development of osteoarthritis may still occur secondary to the initial articular cartilage and meniscal injury.

A review of the diagnosis and management of vertebral basilar (posterior) circulation disease.

A review of the diagnosis and management of vertebral basilar (posterior) circulation disease.

Empirical validation of a novel operationalization of the expression of emotion: A case of synchronization of relative pitch height and evaluative language across elements of discourse structure in a narrator with Broca’s aphasia

Empirical validation of a novel operationalization of the expression of emotion: A case of synchronization of relative pitch height and evaluative language across elements of discourse structure in a narrator with Broca’s aphasia

Barton’s coins: eighteenth-century numismatics in New College, Oxford

Barton’s coins: eighteenth-century numismatics in New College, Oxford

Humour Based Intervention Program (HBIP):A Pilot Study

Depression is a common problem among older adults. It affects primarily those with medical illnesses in old age. Depression not only makes a person feel physically ill, but also deteriorates psychological wellness and upsurges mortality. Elderly depression averts a person from enjoying things he or she used to find pleasure in and affects his/her memory and concentration. The depressive condition of the person leads to neurological imbalances and obstructs normal functioning of the human brain and the nervous system. Hence, this research sought to assist the elderly to alleviate depression and enhance happiness through 'Humor Based Intervention Program' that is developed by the researchers and to pilot test its practicability and usability in the clinical practice. Making use of a 'Mixed-methods' research design for the development of the program. Geriatric Depression Scale and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were administrated to measure the level of depression and happiness among the older adults. In order to have a better understanding of the current scenario and prevalence of depression among the older adults, the researchers carried out need-assessment survey, semi-structured interviews and focused-group discussions. Basing on these, researchers developed a twelve-modular intervention program, Humor Based Intervention Program (HBIP), incorporating the Humor Theory and PERMA model happiness theory. The program was subjected to expert validation by seven inter-disciplinary experts and pilot tested with ten older adults. The intervention was positively received by the participants and the results of the pilot test showed a decreased level of depression and increased level of happiness.

The Relationship between Parental Happiness with Preschool Mental Health

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and parents' happiness with mental health of preschool children. The research method is descriptive correlational and the statistical population is the parents whose children are studying in preschools. In this research, the sample size was estimated using the formula of 118 people. Finally, using a simple random sampling, 118 individuals were selected as the sample. Bamrind parenting styles, Oxford Happiness Inventory and Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to measure variables. Analysis of the results by Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and mental health components. Also, correlation test, ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of happiness and mental health of children and if happiness is a type of life satisfaction, the mental health of children will also be good.

Some Unnoted Sources in Oscar Wilde’s Oxford Notebook

Some Unnoted Sources in Oscar Wilde’s Oxford Notebook