City Of Medina Research Articles

Perception of Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance Among Hospital Physicians in Medina City, Saudi Arabia.

Background Overuse or misuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics appeared to be a major cause of increased antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to explore awareness and knowledge of antibiotic prescribing and resistance among hospital physicians in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 physicians in seven public hospitals in Medina, Saudi Arabia.A validated self-administered questionnaire was used, including questions on sociodemographics, awareness about the current scope of antibiotic resistance, knowledge and frequency of antibiotic prescribing, confidence and input seeking, factors influencing antibiotic prescribing, and attitude toward antibiotic use.t-Test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to compare total knowledge scores across the sociodemographic variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results Most participants were aware that antibiotic resistance is a problem in Saudi Arabia (87.4%) and worldwide (93.3%).The majority of physicians (77.6%) were classified as having moderate knowledge, the mean knowledge score on antibiotics was 4.41, and 26.5% of the respondents prescribed antibiotics more than once daily. Most physicians (91.4%) were confident in antibiotic prescribing, and 94.1% of them consulted (at least sometimes) colleagues before prescribing. Factors associated with knowledge were age (P= 0.001), educational level (P= 0.002), working years (P= 0.004), current position (P= 0.003), specialty (P= 0.023), duration since graduation from medical school (P= 0.002), and duration since the last qualification (P= 0.022). Conclusions The majority of physicians had a moderate knowledge level of antibiotics, and most of them were prescribing antibiotics more than two times per week. Most respondents agreed that antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide concern and that it is a problem in Saudi Arabia. This study recommends training and courses on the fact that appropriate antibiotic prescribing should be ensured to have the best practice in antibiotic prescription among physicians.

Katagorisasi Ayat Makki Dan Madani: Pengertian, Ciri, Hikmah Dan Cara Mengetahui Makkiyah Dan Madaniyah

The Qur'an revealed to this world is a guide and a mercy to humans in this world, because the Qur'an is solely to help mankind as a guide for their life. People who read the Qur'anul Karim are expected not only to know how to read it but are also expected to be able to understand the contents of the content, therefore, the methodology of understanding the Qur'an needs to be known and studied in order to have more faith in the Qur'an. 'an is getting stronger. In terms of verse division, the scholars classify the verses in the Qur'an, there are differences in determining the verses and letters that were revealed in the city of Mecca and the verses that were revealed in the city of Medina so that they the scholars define Makkiyah and Madaniyah. Makkiyah is what was revealed in Mecca, even though it was revealed after the hijrah, Madaniyah is what was revealed in the city of Medina so that from this definition the word contains three elements, namely 1) Time, 2) Location and 3) The target of the verses and letters that were revealed. Place criteria as the basis for classification without considering its effect on the text in terms of content and form. In addition to the criteria above, there are other criteria that are used to distinguish between makki and civil.
 Keywords: Makki, Madani

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Among Saudi Resident Doctors: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Burnout is a prevalent psychological state among resident doctors. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among resident medical doctors in Medina, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 426 resident doctors in Medina city, Saudi Arabia. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to measure this phenomenon. Of the participants, 81.22% scored high on at least one subscale of burnout and 18.31% scored high on all the subscales of burnout. Burnout was related to lack of physical exercise (P < .001), level of training (P < .001), number of on-call shifts per month (P = .020), number of weekends on-call per month (P < .050), number of patients seen per day (P = .002), number of clinics per week (P < .001), satisfaction with work-life balance (P < .001), and sources of stress in the workplace (P < .050). Burnout is present among resident doctors at a relatively high rate. Numerous factors associated with burnout were evident, particularly work-related factors and sources of stress in the workplace. Therefore, the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties and the residency program directors should act to improve working conditions and work-life balance, and minimize the impact of stressors in the workplace, to minimize the consequences of burnout among resident doctors. Provisions could be enacted to implement early comprehensive assessments of burnout syndrome among medical residents for early detection to curb the burnout phenomenon within healthcare systems.

MAKNA DAN KARAKTERISTIK AYAT AL-MAKKY DAN ALMADANY SERTA URGENSI MEMPELAJARINYA

The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. Some of the verses of the Qur'an were revealed in the city of Mecca and some were revealed in the city of Medina, some were revealed in the summer, and some were revealed in the winter, some were sent down while traveling, and some were revealed at night. as well as during the day. This condition aroused the attention of scholars and commentators to conduct further research on the Qur'an, especially with regard to the place where the verse was revealed, thus giving rise to a new knowledge of the Qur'an in order to gain a complete understanding of understanding and interpreting the verses of the Qur'an, namely Makki and Madani Science. According to the commentators, Makkiyah and Madaniyah include issues of space, time, subject and content. And the benefits of studying this knowledge include being able to distinguish between Nasikh and Mansukh verses, knowing the characteristics of Makki and Madani language styles in the Qur'an, and this knowledge is very useful for the Mufassir, namely as a tool in the interpretation of the verses. Al-Qur'an.

Spatial Analysis of Traffic Accidents in the City of Medina Using GIS

The general objective of this research is to determine how to use the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in Medina Menorah City through geographic information systems. This research aimed to identify, locate and define the sites where traffic accidents are concentrated and determine the need to apply specific safety standards to reduce accidents and identify their causes thereof. This current research applied the analytical descriptive approach for its relevance with this specific research. This research collected traffic accidents data from the Ministry of the Interior, Department of General Traffic. That data captured the hotspots accidents in Medina Menorah City. Some of the most important results of the study are as follows: many roads were selected as High Accident Location HAL, such as Central Ring Roads, King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Road, Prince Abdul Majid bin Abdul-Aziz Road, and King Abdulla bin Abdel-Aziz Road. The high-speed roads are heavily linked to the massive increase of traffic accident rates, and the increase in the street section length led to the soaring number of total accidents. The study recommended performing more studies and different highway safety studies to identify and locate accident patterns on road networks. Due to the fact that the accidents concentration is intensely focused on Medina City center and Prophet’s Mosque, it is a must to increase the number of public transportations to and from Prophet’s Mosque, particularly during the Hajj period, because of the fact that the visitors of Prophet’s Mosque is on the increase during the said period. This study can be applied in other cities because knowing the locations of traffic crash hotspots can provide us with valuable insights into the causes of accidents and this knowledge helps decision-makers to better assess the risk associated with accidents.

PEMBANGUNAN PEMERINTAHAN MADINAH MELALUI PEMIKIRAN DAN USAHA INTELEKTUAL PERSPEKTIF PERADABAN ISLAM MASA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW

Civilization can only be built through a strong and mature leadership process. The Prophet Muhammad SAW as a leader was able to show evidence that he was able to build a pluralistic, heterogeneous and pluralistic social order of society, especially in the city of Medina where basically the people of the city highly uphold these values. Driven by the spirit of Islam, Prophet Muhammad SAW moved and fought as a revolutionary who succeeded in bringing Islam into a perfect religion to be accepted by the people of Medina. This can be seen from a major event which became known as the Medina Charter. The Hijrah agenda is a benchmark for the existence of Islam in conveying messages of peace starting from the city of Medina. This research was conducted with a Library Research approach and searches from journals and scientific articles with the aim of producing accurate and scientifically accountable research.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction from The Nurses' Perspective

research in Saudi Arabia has been published investigating organizational citizenship behavior among nurses. In addition, job satisfaction has been identified as the main solution to the high turnover rate among nurses in Saudi Arabia and one of the factors that could affect organizational citizenship behavior.&#x0D; Aim: The current study aimed to determine the level of organizational citizenship behavior, assess the level of job satisfaction, and identify the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors and job satisfaction from the nurses’ perspective.&#x0D; Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted at the two largest government hospitals in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 315 nurses. The study used an electronic self-reporting questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, an organizational citizenship behavior scale, and a nurse job satisfaction scale.&#x0D; Results: In this study, the overall level of organizational citizenship behavior among nurses was high (3.86±0.35). The overall level of nurses' job satisfaction was medium (2.88±0.76). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between overall organizational citizenship behavior and overall job satisfaction among nurses (r = 0.354, p-value &lt;0.01).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study provides evidence that increasing the level of job satisfaction among nurses will increase their levels of organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, healthcare organizations must focus on certain interventions that could increase nurses' jobs satisfaction, such as providing adequate remuneration, increasing the capacity of nursing schools, emphasizing psychological support and participative leadership, and improving the community’s perception of the nursing profession.

Civil Society Principles of Prophetic Era (622-632 AD): A Solution for Creating Harmonious Society in Indonesia

In the 13th years of prophecy, Prophet Muhammad PBUH along with 75 followers of him went to Yastrib, later turned to Medina City. The people of Yastrib who yearned for wise leader than asked Prophet Muhammad SAW to became their leader. Later, Prophet Muhammad PBUH established The Medina Charter which became the legal foundation for the governance in Yastrib. The Medina Charter confirmed the principles of the community such as tolerance, brotherhood, amr ma’ruf nahi munkar, equality, discussion, justice and balance. These principles became basic foundation in term of government and social affairs. This concept of civil society which built by Prophet Muhammad PBUH was relevant to the Indonesian society of which plural and grounded by kinship and mutual cooperation. The concept of civil society could make harmonious society in Indonesia and eliminated various irregularities and chaos within the governance or society. This could be done by SWOT analysis through minimalized the weaknesses and threats along with maximalized strengths and opportunities within Indonesian society.

Efektifitas Kurma Ajwa dalam berbagai Penyakit

The incidence of disease increases due to improper eating patterns, irregular eating patterns, consumption of processed foods except for the fruits of the food consumed. According to WHO statistics on diabetes mellitus, heart disease and ischemic stroke are the leading causes of death globally. Fruits are highly recommended by WHO to improve public health and public welfare. In building the health and well-being awareness of the past two decades significant progress has been made in the study of bioactive compounds in dates to find their immediate effects on human health. Dates Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a fruit that grows in many Arab countries, especially the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia. Based on several studies, dates have various phytochemical contents such as kumarat acid, ferric acid, flavonoids, phenolics, sterols, procyanidins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals that function as antioxidants, antihyperlipidimics, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, antiinflammatory, nephroprotective and many other benefits in protecting the body from various diseases. Ajwa dates contain a high percentage of carbohydrate fiber (44-88%), dietary fiber (6.4-11.5%), fat (0.2-0.5%), protein (2.3-5.6 %), minerals and vitamins; also contains several fatty acids including palmic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Based on the description above, the researcher is interested in further studying the benefits contained in the Ajwa Dates.

P.Cair.EgLib. 513: A Certificate for a Ziyāra to the Prophet’s Tomb in Medina (16th century)

This article presents a hitherto unpublished document preserved at Dār al‑Kutub al‑Miṣriyya (Cairo) under inventory number P.Cair.EgLib.inv. 513. The document extols the holy city of Medina and contains a diagrammatic representation of the Prophet’s mosque (al‑masǧid al‑nabawī) comparable to other illustrated scrolls dated to the sixteenth century. The material, textual and iconographic characteristics of this document raise the possibility that it could be the draft of a ziyāra certificate attesting to a pious visit to the tomb of Muḥammad in Medina.

Prevalence and associated factors of stress among primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia, a multi-center study.

Background:Nursing practice has been identified as one of the most stressful professions within the healthcare systems. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress and its associated factors among primary healthcare nurses.Materials and Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 Saudi nurses in the government primary health care centers in Medina city, Saudi Arabia. Stress was measured by the stress subscale of the 21-Item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Sources of stress were assessed by 15 items.Results:The majority were females (68.0%) and aged less than 40 years (72.5%). Thirty percent had severe or very severe stress. Stress was associated significantly with the presence of chronic diseases (P = 0.037) and with working in night shifts (P = 0.042). All sources of stress in the workplace were associated significantly and positively with stress (P < 0.01).Conclusion:About one-third of the participants had stress. Improving work conditions and minimizing stress in the workplace should be a priority in the primary health care setting.

Three Unpublished Scrolls Attesting to Pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina (16th century)

Abstract This article presents the edition of three unpublished 16th-century scrolls preserved in the Palau Ribes Collection (Barcelona) that contain diagrammatic representations of the holy places of Mecca and Medina. One of them certifies the fulfillment of the major (ḥajj) and minor (ʿumra) pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca on behalf of a little girl, in what appears to be a certificate reused by removing the names of the original parties. The other two documents extoll the city of Medina and the Prophet Muḥammad, as part of the pious visit to his tomb (ziyāra) carried out by individuals who are not mentioned by name. In addition, the three documents share the same material characteristics, and present textual structures that suggest they were mass-produced models. They therefore constitute three case studies evidencing a significant shift in the production of Islamic certificates of pilgrimage, and can thus help expand our knowledge of the ritual itself.

Public Awareness of Ischemic Stroke in Medina city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:To assess social awareness of ischemic stroke amongst Saudi citizens in Medina city.Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted between February and September 2019, we used a validated questionnaire to conduct face-to-face interviews and collect data, at 4 shopping malls and 5 supermarkets in Medina city, KSA.Results:Five hundred and nineteen participants completed the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 57.4% correctly defined stroke, 42.6% correctly chose ≥2 stroke signs and made ≤one mistake, 23.1% knew of blood clot-dissolving drugs, 32.8% correctly identified ≥ 4 risk factors with ≤ one mistake, 85.93% knew that going to the Emergency Room (ER) was the correct action, and 35.84% identified ≥ 3 post-discharge requirements, with ≤one mistake. Most participants (65.77%) cited internet and social media as information sources. In the univariate comparison, older age (p<0.001) and family history of stroke (p=0.001) better predicted stroke knowledge. In a multivariate logistic regression, the only predictor for stroke recognition was the educational level. The gender and family history were predictors for stroke signs knowledge. Educational level and the family history of stroke were predictors for risk factors knowledge respectively.Conclusion:We observed a significant stroke knowledge deficit in our Saudi cohort, thus there is a need to increase public awareness about stroke risk factors, warning signs and emphasizing prevention approaches.

Pendidikan Islam dan Upaya Membumikan Kesadaran Pluralisme

This scientific work is the result of a literature review about efforts to popularized pluralism awareness through the approach of Islamic education. As we know, that pluralism is a reality that really occurs in our daily lives, both in religion, culture, education, race and ethnic. The existence of diversity is nothing that become a part of sunnatullāh. That is, diversity is the part of God‟s will as the creator of human beings and all life in the universe. Of course, with the aim of making the positive side of the difference taken as a guide for cooperation, selfintrospection, and help. Because, if God wants a uniformity then surely Allah will make a single human, one tribe, one nation, one religion, but in fact it is not. In the holy Qur‟ān, God explicitly states that deliberately makes us diverse so that we able to know each other. In Indonesian context, awareness of diversity needs to be and must continue to be maintained for the integrity of the nation and state, as the Prophet Muhammad kept the integrity of Medina city above the differences in religion, ethnic, race and tribe.

RASULULLAHS (PBUH) ADMINISTRATION: MODEL OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

Administration is a system of governance in an organization. The ability to properly administer depends, among other things, on the efficiency of managing administrative affairs and human capital. One of the excellent models of administration is the Prophets (PBUH) administration when he was in the Medina City. The question arises, how was his administration after drafting the Medina Constitution? Thus, the purpose of this article is to explore and analyse the Prophets (PBUH) system of administration and the policy practised during its heyday in Medina City. The methodology of this research is qualitative using analysis of primary sources such as articles, journals, proceedings, dissertations, books and so on. Data obtained was deductively and inductively analysed. This research highlights the governance discoursed by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as well as the leadership role of a government. In addition, this research infers some excellent aspects such as structure and positions in administration, which enabled Prophet Muhammads (PBUH) administration in Medina to be a model to drive current state development.

مكانة عمل أهل المدينة عند الإمام مالك بن أنس

The research in front of dear readers is about the practice of the people of Medina. Among the objectives were: To identify the essence of the practice of people of Medina and its position according to Imam Malik and other scholars. The researchers focuses on two points, the first: the essence of the people of Medina, and the second: What is the position of the people of Medina according to Imam Malik bin Anas and other scholars? The type of research employed was library research that focuses on texts from books and interesting results of scientific research related to the topic. The results show: First, the practice of the people of Medina is propositions or arguments which are disputed, this is due to differences in understanding the concept. Second, the practice of the people of Medina is divided into two parts, one of which is through excerpts which consist of four types: excerpts of the speech, acts, consent and neglect, and this is an agreed statement. The second one is based on ijtihad, Imam Malik's companions differ in this respect. Third, the practice of people of Medina according to Imam Malik has a great position because of the prominence of the city of Medina and its people compared to other regions based on several narrations mentioned by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam and his companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Imam Malik had deduced the law from several problems based on the practice of people of Medina, had often referred to it in different terms in his Muwatta, and had given priority to the practice of the people in Madina if it is contradicting to khabar wahid. He has written letters against people who disagree with him regarding the practice of people of Medina in his time including his famous treatise to Al-Laits bin Saad. Fourth, in contrast to Imam Malik, the majority of scholars do not consider the practice of the people of Medina as a proposition because they see that perfection belongs to the ummah as a whole, and the people of Medina are not the whole ummat, even outside the city of Medina some scholars are more knowledgeable than the people of Medina.

Risk factors for bronchial asthma among children in Medina city, Saudi Arabia: an ecological approach

Background: Asthma is a common disease in Saudi Arabia that affects many individuals. Children are profoundly affected, and the impact of the disease is noticeable in the frequent visits to the emergency departments, missed school days, recurrent hospitalizations, and high death rates. Our study is aimed at identifying the determinant of bronchial asthma risk factors based on the ecological model.Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Samples were randomly selected from two major hospitals in Medina Region, Saudi Arabia, including children aged between 1-14 years. A chi-square test was used to see any differences across categories between cases and control. Significant factors associated with asthma in bivariate analysis were submitted to conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Factors significantly associated with asthma were being obese (OR=5.10; 95% CI 2.09-12.42), having a history of allergic rhinitis (OR=7.10; 95% CI 3.24-15.52), born preterm (OR=6.06; 95% CI 2.05-17.87), living in a carpeted home (OR=3.06; 95% CI 1.41-6.64), using a gas stove (OR=9.09; 95% CI 3.93-21.03), playing with plush toys (OR=4.58; 95% CI 2.04-10.30), living in a home distanced less than 500 meters from the main traffic road (OR=3.68; 95% CI 1.27-10.70), less than 500 meters from a plant farm (OR=3.78; 95% CI 1.68-10.70), and less than 500 meters from an electric station (OR=5.57; 95% CI 1.73-17.93).Conclusions: This study confirms the associations between individual, outdoor-indoor environmental factors, and bronchial asthma among children in Medina. This study is a step forward into the future of interventional programs to control bronchial asthma among children.

Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah: Perawat Pertama di Dunia Islam (Abad 6-7 M.)

The practice of Islamic health emerged in the sixth century AD influenced by three health traditions, namely ancient civilization, Bedouin Arabic, and Thibbun Nabawi. There is no much data related to health practice around the sixth century to the seventh century BC, except for nursing conducted by Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah. She became an important figure in developing Islamic health practice and the involvement of women in the Islamic war. The purpose of this research is to determine the description of medicine/health in the Islamic world in the classical period and the role of Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah in her involvement nursing field of the Islamic world. The method of this research is the historical research. The research method was carried out through four-stage, they are heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research conducted, it could be stated that the practice of world health has emerged since 7,000 BC. In the sixth to seventh centuries Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah had an important role in the development of world health practice. She started nursing for the first time in the Islamic world. Some of her important roles include: establishing a nursing school, participating in the war, establishing a field hospital, creating a nurse code of ethics, developing Islamic spiritual services, and being active in social activities in the city of Medina. It has also been proven that the first nursing knowledge was not conceived by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century, however, it has existed since the sixth century by Rufaidah Al-Aslamiyah. Keywords: Health practice, Islamic health practice, nursing.

Considering the Power of Ahl Madinah Malik Bin Anas Ijma as an Islamic Legal Source

Ijmak Ahl Madinah became the method used in performing legal istinbath which was held by Imam Malik and was challenged by other scholars. Most of the other scholars consider this kind of ijmak, not ijmak but only an agreement for a region in the form of individual ijtihad which does not bind all the Muslims. Imam Malik considers the consent of ahl al-Madinah as an Ijma which has a specific value from the city of Medina itself. Imam Malik holds the ijma model as his source of law because it is considered to have continuity of authority with the main source, the qath'iy Qur'an wh the valid hadiths. This is different from the ijma that comes from the results of ijtihad, so it can be categorized as' urf which applies in the area of Medina and this cannot be said to be ijma.

The Aesthetic of Islamic Calligraphy and Ornamentation in Prophet Mosque Interior of the Calligrapher Abdullah Zuhdi (Al-Masjid An-Nabawi)

Islamic Calligraphy and ornamentation are using to decorate mosques as well as other sacred places all over the Islamic world. This paper provides some sources of information for understanding and studying Islamic calligraphy and ornamentation in the Prophet Mosque interior (Al-Masjid An-Nabawi). Indeed, this paper aimed to highlight the formation aesthetics of calligraphy and Islamic decorations in which the aesthetic values. There are many aesthetic values of the Islamic calligraphy and ornamentation that portrayed in the Prophet Mosque interior. The Prophet Mosque has been selected in the present research due to the uniqueness in its calligraphy and ornamentation. Abdullah Zuhdi a calligrapher who was known as the calligrapher of the two holy sanctuaries (katib al-haramayn). The calligraphy and ornamentation in the Prophet Mosques are testifying to the skill of the master calligrapher. The principles of aesthetics in calligraphy and ornamentation based precisely on the principles of the beauty of Islam. After Islam, calligraphy was one of the most important kinds of art in Islamic world as well as one of the essential features of Islamic civilization. This study aims to show the necessity of studying Islamic calligraphy used in the Prophet Mosque interior as well as to display some Quranic verses that been written above the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet Mosque located in Medina city in Saudi Arabia as a model simply because it was one of the first mosques built by Prophet Muhammad and it has the fantastic and historical calligraphy and ornamentation that have a long history. The study has revealed that the calligraphy and ornamentation in the Prophet Muhmmad Mosque considered as an innovative art through its dependence unique Thuluth script and intricate pattern of Islamic motifs, the Muslim artist creativity expressed about the sacred calligraphy and highlighted the global nature of the decoration.