City Of Mecca Research Articles

Katagorisasi Ayat Makki Dan Madani: Pengertian, Ciri, Hikmah Dan Cara Mengetahui Makkiyah Dan Madaniyah

The Qur'an revealed to this world is a guide and a mercy to humans in this world, because the Qur'an is solely to help mankind as a guide for their life. People who read the Qur'anul Karim are expected not only to know how to read it but are also expected to be able to understand the contents of the content, therefore, the methodology of understanding the Qur'an needs to be known and studied in order to have more faith in the Qur'an. 'an is getting stronger. In terms of verse division, the scholars classify the verses in the Qur'an, there are differences in determining the verses and letters that were revealed in the city of Mecca and the verses that were revealed in the city of Medina so that they the scholars define Makkiyah and Madaniyah. Makkiyah is what was revealed in Mecca, even though it was revealed after the hijrah, Madaniyah is what was revealed in the city of Medina so that from this definition the word contains three elements, namely 1) Time, 2) Location and 3) The target of the verses and letters that were revealed. Place criteria as the basis for classification without considering its effect on the text in terms of content and form. In addition to the criteria above, there are other criteria that are used to distinguish between makki and civil.
 Keywords: Makki, Madani

Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis Among Umrah Pilgrims: Circulating Serogroups and Antibiotic Resistance.

BackgroundMeningococcal disease and outbreaks are a risk during mass gatherings such as the Umrah religious pilgrimage to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We aimed to investigate the carriage of Neisseria meningitidis among the 2019 Umrah pilgrims and determine the circulating serogroups and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adult Umrah pilgrims from 17th to 29th April 2019 in Mecca city, KSA. A questionnaire was administered to each participant, and an oropharyngeal swab was obtained. Microbiological techniques were used to isolate, identify and serogroup N. meningitidis from the swabs. E-tests were used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to nine antibiotics.ResultsThe study enrolled 616 pilgrims from 17 countries with a mean age of 53.8 years (±13.1, range = 19–91) and a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. Nearly 39% of the respondents had no formal education, 32.5% declared having an underlying health condition and 17.2% were current or past smokers. During their Umrah stay, most pilgrims reported sharing accommodation (98.5%) and never using a face mask (98.5%). Also, 34.6% reported suffering from influenza-like symptoms and 11.8% used antibiotics. N. meningitidis was isolated from three pilgrims (carriage rate of 0.49%), two were serogroup A and one was serogroup B. Antibiotic susceptibility results were available for one isolate (serogroup B) which showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionCarriage of N. meningitidis among Umrah pilgrims was low. However, invasive serogroups were identified, including an isolate resistant to ciprofloxacin used for chemoprophylaxis. Meningococcal disease preventive measures for Umrah should be regularly reviewed and updated accordingly to reduce the risk of the disease and future pilgrimage-associated outbreaks.

In The Process Of Islamic Manifest Mahzûmoğulları –An Evaluation In Terms Of Tribal And Individual Attitude–

Kusay b. Kilâb’ın Huzâa kabilesini Mekke şehrinin idaresinden uzaklaştırmasından sonra İslâmiyet’e kadar uzanan dönem içerisinde Kureyş kolları arasında farklı zamanlarda çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı gruplaşmalar meydana gelmiştir. Kusay b. Kilâb’ın vefatından sonra meydana gelen Ahlâf-Mutayyebûn ayrılığı Kureyş batınları arasında gruplaşmaların yaşanmasına sebebiyet veren olayların başında gelmektedir. Batınlar arasında yaşanan rekabetin ilk kıvılcımı bu idarî görevlerin paylaşımı meselesi olmuştur. O dönemden Hz. Peygamber’e ilk vahyin geldiği döneme kadar farklı zamanlarda yaşanan olaylar, Kureyş batınları arasındaki gruplaşmayı belirginleştirmiştir. Benî Mahzûm da bu gruplaşmalar sırasında kendi çıkarları doğrultusundaki yerini almıştır. Hz. Peygamber ile akrabalık bağı bulunan Benî Mahzûm, risâletten önce Ahlâf-Mutayyebûn çekişmeleri, Kâbe’nin tamiri gibi olaylarda öne çıkarken İslâmiyet’in ilk yıllarında ise Hz. Peygamber’e karşı oluşturulan muhalif hareketin liderliğini yürütenler arasında bulunmaktadır. Kaynaklarda genellikle Emevîlerin, Hz. Peygamber’e karşı muhalefetleri aktarılmasına rağmen Bedir’e kadar asıl muhalif tutumun Benî Mahzûm tarafından sergilendiği açıkça anlaşılmaktadır. İlk Müslümanlar arasında bulunan önemli şahsiyetlerin bir kısmı da bu batına mensuptur. Kureyş kolları arasında da dikkat çeken Benî Mahzûm, sahip olduğu ekonomik ve siyasi güç dolayısıyla bi’setin ilk yıllarında meydana gelen hâdiselerde öne çıkmaktadır.

Segmentation of Religious Tourism by Motivations: A Study of the Pilgrimage to the City of Mecca

The present study about the pilgrimage to Mecca aims to: (i) identify the motivational dimensions of the demand for religious tourism, (ii) determine the segments of the demand for religious tourism, (iii) establish the relationship between the segments and socio-demographic aspects, and (iv) establish the relationship between tourist segments and their satisfaction and loyalty in the religious tourism destination of Mecca. The research was carried out on pilgrims who had visited Mecca who lived in Bahrain, a country located on the Persian Gulf, where most of its population is Muslim. The sample consisted of 350 surveys obtained online. A factor and K-means clusters analysis were used to reduce and group the data. The results show three motivational dimensions: religious, social and cultural, and shopping. Additionally, there were also three segments of demand: the “Multiple motives,” with high scores in all the motivational variables, the “Passive tourists” with low levels of motivation and the “Religious,” with motivations in variables related to religion. The “Multiple motives” and the “Religious” segments had high satisfaction and loyalty levels. The results will serve as guides for the management of religious destinations and contribute to the academic literature on this subject.

Signifikansi Pemilihan Kata Tijārah dalam Q.S. Aṣ-Ṣaff [61]: 10-11 (Studi Analisis Hermeneutika Ma’nā-Cum-Maghzā)

This article examines the main message (maghzā) of the choice of the word tijārah in Q.S Aṣ-Ṣaff (61): 10-11. Armed with an understanding that the Qur'an did not come down in a vacuum, its verses will respond to the conditions of Arab society at the time of revelation. Commerce is the livelihood of the Arab community, especially the residents of the city of Mecca. For this reason, the issue of commerce cannot be separated from the context of the revelation of the Qur'an. Commerce in Arabic is defined as tijārah, this word can then be used as the key to see how the Qur'an responds to Arab commerce and provides guidance through it. To find the significance of the use of the word tijārah in the verse, this study uses a ma'nā-cum-maghzā hermeneutic approach. A balanced interpretation method that combines text and context, as well as the past and the present to produce a contextual interpretation. As a result, the use of the word tijārah in this verse is not without meaning, but contains two main messages. First, the shift in perspective (worldview); namely from commerce that is quantitative-material (worldly) to non-material-qualitative (spiritual) commerce. Second, the command to carry out meaningful commerce in totality; namely by strengthening faith in Allah and the Messenger of Allah and fighting in the way of Allah with all his wealth and body and soul.

The application of tawakkalna and its impact on health services during the corona pandemic (COVID-19) in the city of Mecca

This research aims to extrapolate the opinions of citizens and know the most important problems they face while using the Tawakkalna application in the field of health services and the availability of basic information offline (offline), and this research also aims to find out whether this application has a positive impact on the population in presenting Advanced health services in a correct and effective manner or not, The research also aims to know the quality of services provided by the application to the population. This is the research answered. The research was conducted online,The researchers made an electronic questionnaire, where the researcher and his colleagues distributed an electronic questionnaire through the program (Google Drive) via phone, online contacts and social networks (what's app) for its ease and spread among the population, more than 1000 people were contacted (random sample) from 16 over 65 years old from various neighborhoods of Makkah (inside Makkah), answered by only 500 people for fear of infection with the emerging coronavirus, (Covid-19) because the disease has not completely ended yet, and also because of the difficulties in conducting interviews Personality through social distance systems.

Kontribusi Doa Nabi Ibrahim Terhadap Perkembangan Perekonomian Arab Pra Islam – Pasca Islam (Studi Pemikiran Tafsir Ma’alim Al-Tanzil Karya Al-Baghawi)

Imam Al-Baghawi, an expert in commentary, hadith, and fiqh who lived during the Abbasid caliphate and grew up from the Shafi'iyah school. He was always consistent in his studies and also composed many books, one of which was Mu'allimat tanzil, explaining the science of interpretation and involving the words of the Qur'an. One of them is QS. Al-Baqarah verse 126 contains the prayer of the Prophet Ibrahim. To Allah, to provide security for the country where his family and other people live there is a clear proof of his concern for the country and surrounding residents, including the environment and welfare in the city of Mecca. The prayer of Prophet Ibrahim in surah al-Baqarah verse 126, according to Hamka, this verse ordered the Prophet Muhammad. Back to the Quraysh that it was their ancestors who started the land of Mecca where they lived, namely Prophet Ibrahim.
 

Emerging Trends in Overcoming the Weather Barrier to Sustainable Mobility in Gulf and Tropical Cities

Several studies predicted that in case of the continuous rising concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs), the gulf region might experience intolerable temperatures to humans. Such terrible weather may have a severe consequence on different vital activities in different Gulf countries, such as the Muslim rites of Hajj in Mecca city. However, supporting the global mitigation efforts would significantly minimize the seriousness of the expected impacts. With that in mind, hot weather was reported as the significant barrier to sustainable mobility in those countries. Their current mobility is heavily dependent on privately-owned fossil-fueled vehicles rather than other sustainable transport choices. This paper reviewed the most recent innovative and solutions to overcome the problems associated with the hot climate. The review focused on the new techniques concerned with reducing the pavement surface temperature and the corresponding decreases in the ambient air temperature, aiming to promote sustainable mobility modes in hot climate cities. The paper also identified future research needs to fulfill each proposed solution's scientific and practical gap and overcome the weather barrier.

Augmented Reality of Rasulullah SAW Traces in Receiving the Revelation of The Qur'an

Al-Qur'an is the holy book of Muslims whose information is eternal and has miracles that can always be proven by the progress of science and technology that is fast and powerful. The Qur'anic revelation revealed to the Prophet Muhammad for about 23 years left a long, special footprint in the cities of Mecca and Medina. In this Centennial era, some Muslims were preoccupied with technological advances which sometimes led to the neglect of the Qur'an. So that the crisis of knowledge of generations of Muslims about the footsteps of the Prophet Muhammad in receiving the revelation of the Qur'an is very little, This is very dangerous for the unity of Muslims. So that with technological advances we also attract the interest of young people to learn the Qur'an. Augmented Reality technology with the Marker-based tracking method utilizes Qr Code and the use of agile development methods and design using UML so that application developers can produce Augmented Reality applications that can show traces of the decline of the Qur'an in Mecca and Medina. The appearance of Mecca and Medina in the form of 3 dimensions along with asbabunnuzul information causes interest and ease for someone to study the verses of the Qur'an. It is hoped that this application helps to facilitate the generation of Islam in learning and understanding ayat of the Qur'an.

Situational judgment using ethical reasoning\xa0in Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students

IntroductionThere is a paramount need for moral development for pharmacists and pharmacy students to practice the patient-centered profession. We aimed to explore the current situational judgment utilizing ethical reasoning among undergraduate pharmacy students.MethodsA set of ten ethical dilemmas, representing potential real-life situations that the students come across in the university and may face in the future as a pharmacist were developed by a team of students, academic staff, and stakeholders. These ethical dilemmas were validated, checked for accuracy, and piloted. An online questionnaire was created consisting of these ten scenarios as open-ended questions and administered to fourth year and fifth year PharmD students in a public university located at the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, asking them how they would react in that situation. Responses of the participants were analyzed using thematic analysis independently by four researchers and inter-rater agreement were achieved through consensus.ResultsOut of 205, 186 students completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 90.7%. Analysis and resulted in the generation of 32 codes, which were then categorized into seven overarching themes: student engagement, social and professional responsibility, academic integrity, legal obligation, moral obligation, signposting, and moral engagement and patient safety.ConclusionsUndergraduate pharmacy students experience complex state of mind in connection with ethical reasoning. The participants’ situational judgment were driven by cultural norm, authority, and responsibility. Student engagement is also affected by the state of mind and feelings of mutual trust, perceived cultural influence and peer pressure. The students were prone to seek help from university administrators or teachers when faced with situations in which they were helpless.

Motivations as predictors of religious tourism: the Muslim pilgrimage to the city of Mecca

PurposeReligious tourism is one of the oldest and fastest-growing segments. This study analyzes religious tourism through the pilgrimage of Muslims to the holy city of Mecca and has the following objectives: (1) establish the motivational dimensions of religious tourism; (2) identify the motivational dimensions that predict the satisfaction of religious tourism and (3) determine the motivational dimensions that predict return, recommend and say positive things about religious tourism applied to the pilgrimage to a sacred city.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of Muslim pilgrims who had visited Mecca. The sample was collected in Bahrain, a country located on the Persian Gulf, where most of its population is Muslim. A total of 380 valid questionnaires were obtained online. For the data analysis, factorial analysis and the multiple regression method enter were performed.FindingsThe results show that religious motivations are more important when visiting a sacred city than secular ones. Three motivational dimensions were found: religious, social and cultural and shopping. The three dimensions found have a significant relationship with satisfaction and loyalty. Likewise, it was found that the religious motivational dimension is the factor that most predicts satisfaction and loyalty in the behavior of religious visits to a sacred city.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the present study was the temporality in which the sample was taken because the demand may vary at another time of the year and therefore vary its results.Practical implicationsThe authors of the study recommend that holy cities increase the religious motivations of these travelers by periodically researching their needs and organizing services to suit their desired spiritual experience. Also, to improve the social and cultural part, travel agencies and tourist companies to Mecca should promote social and cultural motivation among travelers in an appropriate way by providing service packages that involve visits to cultural and social sites such as museums and cultural centers.Social implicationsThis research will serve as a management guide for public institutions and private companies to develop more efficient planning in religious destinations and sacred cities.Originality/valueThis study is the first to analyze the construct of motivations in the pilgrimage to the city of Mecca, to then establish what the main motivations are that predict satisfaction and loyalty in a religious city. Thus, its results provide important information for tourist destination managers and tourism service providers.

Left-behind Children: Saudi Parents' Addiction to Internet and Its Impact on Parent-child Attachment

Background: The contemporary study purpose was to examine the influence of internet addiction on Saudi parents and their children attachment through applying Use and Gratification Theory (UGT). The analysis of data studies the association between variables that may relate to parents Internet overuse and these included (parental levels of education, age, monthly income, types of employment, children's age and parental statues) and how these variables impact on the family quality of time. Methodology: A random sample of parents (n=284) from the city of Mecca was agreed to recruited. Parental questionnaire was used to measure parents' levels of social media addiction and in what way this influence parent-child attachment. Results: The findings generated from this study revealed the importance of create healthy and positive balance between parents' time spent online and their responsibility to spend quality of time with their young children. Mothers were reported to be more addicted to Internet as they experienced ongoing exposure to social media compared to fathers, therefore young children seemed to have a great risk of neglect. Conclusions/significance: Saudi parents' addition to Internet appeared to negative impact the quality of relationships and interactions with their young children, which in turn affected on their emotional health and well-being.

DINAMIKA PEMBENTUKAN KEBIJAKAN MELALUI METODE DAKWAH PADA KAJIAN KEPEMIMPINAN NABI MUHAMMAD SAW: STUDI LITERATUR

The early Islamic history that was passed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW was really difficult, because he had to deal with the Quraysh tribe who controlled the city of Mecca. The followers of Rasulullah at that time were still very few and the main focus of the prophet's da'wah at that time was to improve monotheism which had turned with the changing times. In general, the da'wah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW has 2 periods, namely the period in Mecca for approximately 13 years, then the period in Medina for less than 10 years. The method used by the prophet in preaching is secretly and openly.Rasulullah SAW provided himself with kindness, piety and sincerity and noble character in guiding mankind so that it aroused sympathy from the people who easily accepted the teachings of Islam. Even so, there are still many from the Quraysh infidels who reject the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW because they consider the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad to be divisive teachings.

The Role of Training Courses in Developing Secondary School Principals Performance in Makkah City from the teachers' point of view: دور الدورات التدريبية في تطوير أداء مديري المدارس الثانوية بمدينة مكة المكرمة من وجهة نظر المعلمين

The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of training courses in developing secondary school principal's performance in Mecca city as perceived by teachers; as well as exploring the significant differences about those courses in in developing secondary school principals performance in Mecca city according to (major, scientific qualifications and years of experience). The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach by the questionnaire to collect data. The population consisted of secondary school teachers in Mecca City, and the study tool was administrated on a sample of (350) teachers. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: The role of training courses in developing the performance of secondary school principals in Mecca city is in a big degree in all domains except for the local community domain, where it came to an average degree in favor of those with (5- 10) years and (10) years and over. Further, there are significant statistical differences according to the academic qualification variable in (teachers, school facilities and equipment) domains in favor of graduate studies, and in the domain (school activities) the differences were in favor of those with a bachelor’s degree, as well as there is significant statistical differences in the two domains of (students and school activities) attributed to major in favor scientific majors.

MAKNA DAN KARAKTERISTIK AYAT AL-MAKKY DAN ALMADANY SERTA URGENSI MEMPELAJARINYA

The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. Some of the verses of the Qur'an were revealed in the city of Mecca and some were revealed in the city of Medina, some were revealed in the summer, and some were revealed in the winter, some were sent down while traveling, and some were revealed at night. as well as during the day. This condition aroused the attention of scholars and commentators to conduct further research on the Qur'an, especially with regard to the place where the verse was revealed, thus giving rise to a new knowledge of the Qur'an in order to gain a complete understanding of understanding and interpreting the verses of the Qur'an, namely Makki and Madani Science. According to the commentators, Makkiyah and Madaniyah include issues of space, time, subject and content. And the benefits of studying this knowledge include being able to distinguish between Nasikh and Mansukh verses, knowing the characteristics of Makki and Madani language styles in the Qur'an, and this knowledge is very useful for the Mufassir, namely as a tool in the interpretation of the verses. Al-Qur'an.

“You were not commanded to stroke it, but to pray nearby it”: debating touch within early Islamic pilgrimage

ABSTRACT Early Islamic texts record a series of ongoing debates about a fundamental component of ritual performance: the act of touch. During the hajj, Muslim pilgrims participated in intensively haptic devotional activity in the holy city of Mecca, where they thronged to grasp objects and places associated with Islamic history and worship. Such rituals were carried out, and approved of, by many early Muslims, who considered these as important acts in the performance of Islamic identity. Yet in narrative histories and juristic discussions about the appropriate ways of interacting with and “sensing” pilgrimage places, many Muslim voices note the perceivably idolatrous connotations of touching objects and spaces. They often associate such haptic encounters with religiously marginalized others, including pagans, women, and sectarian groups. Bringing these sources into conversation with scholarship on ritual constructions of religious identity – and on the role therein of the senses – this article highlights the disputed role of touch in demarcating correctly Islamic pilgrimage practices, and thus the contested place of touch in the emergent Islamic sensorium.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИНДОНЕЗИЙСКО-САУДОВСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

The article focuses on relations between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. The first part of the article looks at the relationship between the two countries in the area of foreign trade. Next, the author focuses on cooperation between the states in the defense sector. Also, attention is paid to interaction in the fields of education and culture. The article also mentions that Hajj is an important aspect of relations between the two countries as Saudi Arabia has a holy city of Mecca and Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world.

Pendidikan Madrasah di Indonesia dalam Potret Waktu: Studi atas Sejarah Perkembangan Madrasah di Indonesia

Previously, madrasas were only in the form of assemblies of the Prophet centered in the city of Mecca, either in mosques or at the homes of several friends. Called madrasas because madrasas are schools or colleges based on Islam. Madrasas that entered Indonesia during the Dutch East Indies colonial period were madrasas in the form of pesantren, because Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia were educational institutions that taught Islam, which was the incarnation of the Prophet's assembly in Mecca. Over time, madrasas (in Indonesia, which were pesantren at that time) were required to be formalized in the unit curriculum system by the state government. Therefore, now gradually, after being repeatedly demanded to move in a formal direction, madrasas are known from the RA, MI, MTs., MA and MAK levels. Most of them are still under the auspices of pesantren because the original meaning of pesantren is a reflection of the forerunner of madrasas, the two of which are still difficult to separate from one another to this day.

Administration of the City of Mecca from the ʿAbbāsids to the Kingdom of Suʿūd

Kaynaklarda kuruluşu ile ilgili farklı bilgilere rastlanılan ve bulunduğu bölgeye yüzyıllar boyunca dinî, siyasî ve ticarî açıdan başkentlik yapmış bir merkez olan Mekke şehrinin tarihi, genel kanaate göre Hz. İbrahim ile başlamaktadır. Hz. İbrahim ve oğlu Hz. İsmail tarafından inşa edilen ve yüzyıllarca tevhid inancının simgesi olan Kâbe, hem bulunduğu muhitte bir şehir hayatının ortaya çıkmasına hem de bu şehrin uzun yıllar başta Hicaz bölgesi olmak üzere Arap Yarımadası’na başkentlik yapmasına vesile olmuştur. Zira Kâbe’nin inşası ve hac ibadetinin burada ifa edilmesi şehri öncelikle dinî bir merkez haline getirmiş akabinde de bu avantajı iyi kullanan Mekkeliler bölgede ticarî ve siyasî üstünlüğü ele geçirmişlerdir.
 Hz. Muhammed’in dünyaya geldiği zaman diliminde Mekke, hem Kureyş kabilesine ev sahipliği yapmaya hem de dinî ve ticarî anlamda bir çekim merkezi olma niteliğini sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. Hatta Hz. Muhammed’in doğumunun hemen öncesinde Arap Yarımadası’ndaki konumundan ötürü Yemen valisi Ebrehe’nin saldırısına uğrayan şehir, herhangi bir kayıp vermeden bu saldırıyı atlatmış ve bunun neticesinde hem Kureyş’in hem de Mekke’nin Araplar nezdindeki saygınlığı daha da artmıştır. Hz. Muhammed’in doğduğu sıralarda dinî ve ticarî açıdan tarihinin en ihtişamlı dönemlerinden birini yaşayan Mekke, onun peygamber olarak vazifelendirilmesiyle birlikte kendini yeni bir mücadelenin içinde bulmuştur. Sonunda Müslümanların hicretiyle neticelenecek bu mücadelenin ilk safhası, şehrin hicretten kısa bir süre sonra Müslümanlar tarafından fethedilmesiyle başka bir şekle dönüşmüştür.
 Mekke, Müslümanların Medine’ye hicret edip orada yeni bir devletin temellerini atmalarıyla ilk büyük siyasî darbeyi almış, akabinde Kureyş’in Müslümanlarla mücadeleye girişip sonunda şehirlerini kaybetmeleri neticesinde, bölgedeki siyasî ve ticarî gücünü günden güne yitirmeye başlamıştır. Hatta Hz. Peygamber’in şehri fethettikten sonra buraya yerleşmeyip bir vali atayarak tekrar Medine’ye dönmesi, Mekke’nin başkentlik özelliğini de kaybetmesine neden olmuştur. Fethinden sonra Hz. Peygamber ve Râşid Halifeler tarafından atanan valiler eliyle yönetilen Mekke, Emevîler döneminde genel olarak Tâif ile birlikte Ümeyyeoğulları’na mensup Medine valileri tarafından idare edilmiş, pek çok sıkıntı ve iç karışıklığa ev sahipliği yapmış ve bu süreçte hem şehirde yaşayan halk hem de başta Kâbe olmak üzere birçok yapı zarar görmüştür.
 Emevîler’e yönelik düzenlemiş oldukları ihtilal neticesinde iktidara gelen Abbâsîler döneminde ise Mekke, bilhassa Hz. Ali evladı ve taraftarlarının önayak olduğu muhalif hareketlerin merkezlerinden biri ve yeni kurulan devletlerin hâkimiyet mücadelesi alanı haline gelmiştir. Bundan sonraki süreçte bir taraftan Hz. Ali’nin soyundan gelen yöneticiler şehrin yönetimini ellerinde tutmaya çalışırken diğer taraftan da Abbâsîler’in zayıflaması ile birlikte başta Fâtımîler ve Eyyûbîler olmak üzere birçok Şiî ve Sünnî hanedan şehre ve dolayısıyla İslâm dünyasına hâkim olmaya çalışmıştır.
 Bu çalışmada Mekke şehrinin idaresi, dönemin İslâm dünyasında söz sahibi olan devletlerin şehirdeki askerî ve siyasî faaliyetleri üzerinden ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda ilgili konu, Abbâsîler, Eyyûbîler, Memlükler ve Osmanlılar dönemi olmak üzere dört ana dönemde ve bu dönemlerdeki dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilebilecek hadiseler üzerinden ele alınacaktır. Ele aldığımız konu hakkında farklı türden birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen bu çalışma sayesinde hem ilk elden kaynaklara bağlı kalarak net ve derli toplu bir bilgiye ulaşmaya hem de Müslümanların ortak değeri olarak kabul edilebilecek Mekke şehrinin idaresi hakkında objektif bir bakış açısıyla tarih boyunca hangi Müslüman devletlerin ne tür faaliyetler içerisine girdikleri ve bunun etkileri ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Hajj, Istita'ah, and Waiting List Regulation in Indonesia

This study examines the concept of istita'ah (capability), and the problems faced by pilgrims in Indonesia with the departure regulation that implements a waiting list system. This research is purely a literature study using a normative juridical approach. Islamic law stipulates that one of the conditions that must be met by someone who will perform the pilgrimage is istita'ah (capable) which includes aspects of physical and spiritual health, financial ability, and safe situation. Unfortunately, even though these conditions have been met, it does not necessarily allow someone to go directly to Mecca to perform the pilgrimage. The reason is that there is a quota system set by the Saudi Arabian Government to balance the coming pilgrims with the capacity of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. As a result of this quota system, prospective pilgrims in Indonesia have to queue waiting for departure, with a waiting time span of tens of years. This study finds out that the waiting list system, although aimed at ensuring the smooth and comfortable in performing pilgrimage, turned out to be an obstacle, because there is no guarantee that a person, in such a long waiting period, will remain healthy, even many. some of them had died before the time of departure arrived. Therefore, the government must find a solution to suppress the waiting list so that it does not continue to extend, by setting certain criteria for individuals who will register, for example the age limit and whether or not the person has performed hajj before.