City Of Chelyabinsk Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF FUNCTIONING OF ERGONYMS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article is dedicated to the study of semantics of ergonyms in the Russian language. Nowadays ergo-nimics, being a fi eld of onomastics, is of great interest to many linguists, because it has specifi c semantics in the gastronomic industry and is aimed at making a positive impact on the recipient. It can be explained by globalization and the interaction of language and culture. Ergonyms refer to particular lexical layer of the language system, which refl ects changes in the social sphere. The aim of the study is to single out the linguistic peculiarities of ergonyms in the Russian language. The material of the study comprises the names of cafes and restaurants in Chelyabinsk city and the Chelyabinsk region. Carrying out the research we used the method of component analysis, comparative method for analyzing ergonyms, descriptive-classifi cation method, quantitative analysis in counting lexical units and the frequency of their use. Within the framework of the present research the word-building of ergonyms and linguistic peculiarities of their functioning and stylistic diversity were studied, thematic groups were outlined, the frequency of use of lexical units was analyzed. According to the results of the present study, we can conclude that the connotative element in the semantic structure of ergonym plays the key role. Ergonyms refer to linguocultural phenomena that appear as a result of the interaction of extralinguistic and linguistic factors. The study and analy-sis of ergonyms as a linguistic phenomenon allows us to reveal the peculiarities of economy and geography of the Chelyabinsk region, to study the linguistic variety of names of cafes and restaurants in Russian. It has been proved by the wide use of lexical units in diff erent languages in the nomination of catering establishment. Ergonyms have a pragmatic impact on the target audience which is achieved through its functioning. Expressive, deictic, appellative function and identifi cation function are the essential ones in the nomination of catering establishments in the city of Chelyabinsk and Chelyabinsk region. The study of ergonimics, which has specifi c lexical and semantic graphic features, is related to modern linguistics.

RARE-EARTH elements in the topsoils of a Russian industrial city: Sources and human health risk assessment

Research on rare-earth elements (REEs) in urban soils of Russian industrial cities is extremely limited. This study investigates the potential sources and human health risks of REEs contained in the topsoils of the industrial Russian city of Chelyabinsk. The study also takes into account natural sources of REE as the city is located on the border of granites (Urals) and sedimentary rocks (Western Siberia). We analyzed the concentration and distribution of REEs in the soils of four types of locations: residential courtyards, city parks, roadsides, and industrial locations. The total REE concentrations ranged from 44 to 255 mg/kg, with average concentrations of 140, 124, 113 and 89 mg/kg in the courtyards, roadsides, industrial location and city parks, respectively. The REE content in courtyard soils could be influenced by poor cleaning of fallen leaves. The ratios of light REE (LREE) to heavy REE (HREE) ranged from 9.5 to 10.1, revealing an obvious fractionation between them. The fractionation of LREE and HREE, and the REE/ES (European Shale) pattern showed that REE accumulation in Chelyabinsk soils has been disturbed by human activities. It was shown that the dust from industrial emissions was the main anthropogenic source of REE accumulation in urban soil. The largest amounts of REEs are emitted from an electrometallurgical plant and zinc production plant. Fortunately, the estimated daily intakes of REE from soils for children and adults were well below the safety thresholds. At the same time, in order to prevent social tension and reduce the anthropogenic load on the urban area, it is recommended to use phytoremediation technologies, smart landscaping of industrial and residential areas, more thorough cleaning of fallen leaves and road dust. It is also recommended to move the most dangerous production processes outside the urban area.

Modelling economic development of an industrial metropolis

Current turbulence of external environment pushes the research towards exploring municipalities’ economic development. The purpose of the work is to devise a method for assessing the factors behind economic development of an industrial metropolis based on the construction of a production function. Theoretical propositions of macroeconomics and systems analysis constitute the methodological basis of the research. The main method is the construction of the Cobb–Douglas production function given autonomous Hicks-neutral technical change. The evidence is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service’s regional office of Chelyabinsk Region on the production output (volume of own production (works, service) shipped), cost of production assets, and payroll in the city of Chelyabinsk for 2014–2021, as well as price deflators. The model is formalised in the form of a computer program and is registered by the state, which reflects its practical value. The theoretical and methodological significance of the research consists in that for the first time in economic practice it demonstrates that individual elasticity coefficients can take negative values. The findings of the study can be used for forecasting the results of the interventions aimed at increasing the economic sustainability of an industrial metropolis.

Invasion of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) into the Shershnevskoye Reservoir (City of Chelyabinsk)

Invasion of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) into the Shershnevskoye Reservoir (City of Chelyabinsk)

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ПОЛОС ДЛЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДА ЧЕЛЯБИНСКА

This paper investigates the effectiveness of public transport lanes. The study compares the current cost of the transport work and the cost of transport work when increasing the average speed of travel with dedicated public transport lanes. The recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Transport were used as the basis for the feasibility study. Based on changes in speed and travel times, the effect on the budget is assessed in monetary terms. Depending on the increase in speed, the budget effect is associated with a reduction in the required number of vehicles to deliver the same levels of transport services for the population. The methodology allows us to evaluate not only the change in traffic flow parameters when implementing dedicated lanes for public transport, but also the economic effect of increasing the speed of travel. The work analyzes the economic effect of organizing a dedicated lane using specific municipal routes in the city of Chelyabinsk.

Bottom sediments of the Shershnevskoye reservoir: Physicochemical characteristics and toxicity

The Shershnevskoye reservoir (ShR) is the main source of drinking water supply for the city of Chelyabinsk, which, since 2003, has been experiencing serious environmental problems caused by eutrophication processes. The purpose of this work was to study the bottom sediments (BS) of the ShR. BS were sampled in 4 locations of the ShR in the spring of 2024. We determined the 5 physicochemical parameters of the BS, the content of humic substances and gases (CO, CO2, CH4), 25 hydrochemical parameters and the toxicity of pore waters. It has been established that the bottom sediments of ShR are sandy silt, they have an average density of 1.008 g/cm3. In the longitudinal section of the reservoir, a trend towards an increase in the content of organic matter and methane in the BS from the upper reaches to the dam is observed. The pore waters belong mainly to the first (I) hydrochemical facies (Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl-–SO 2-) according to the Back (1961) classification. In the reservoir section, there is a clear trend of replacing bicarbonate ion with sulfate ion, and the concentration of chloride ion was minimal (from 0.1 to 1.1 mg/L). According to the results of biotesting using Scenedesmus quadricauda and Daphnia magna, all BS samples exhibit chronic toxicity, and two samples also exhibit acute toxicity, probably associated with the release of toxic products of organic matter mineralization.

Statistical analysis of the results of studies of the routes of garbage trucks with a hybrid power plant based on the Ural vehicle chassis

This work explores the possibility of creating a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of Ural vehicle equipped with a bunker for collecting municipal solid waste (MSW). The purpose of the work is to statistically analyze the existing routes of garbage trucks in the city of Chelyabinsk to identify the most loaded operating mode and to develop on its basis a test route for the garbage truck being created with a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of the Ural C26 and C18. Statistical processing of source data was carried out based on methods for processing large amounts of source data using the SPSS computer program. The methodology discussed in the article is also supposed to be used when modeling processes in hydrodynamic tribocouplings of high-pressure fuel pumps, in particular for Common Rail systems. Keywords garbage truck, hybrid power plant, driving routes, statistical processing, generalized cycle, ydrodynamic tribocouplings, fuel pumps

Selection and justification of routes of garbage cars with a hybrid power unit on the basis of the "Ural" vehicle chassis

In this paper, we study the possibility of creating a hybrid power plant based on th e chassis of the Ural car equipped with a bin for collecting municipal solid waste (MSW). The operation of municipal equipment, in particular, garbage trucks, has its own specifics, which is associated with the need for their work, often in confined spaces. The hybrid scheme of such vehicles allows the use of an environmentally friendly silent mode of electric traction in urban working conditions. When developing a traction drive and attachment systems for vehicles operating as municipal special equipment, it is necessary to take into account the features of their operation and movement routes. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing routes for the movement of garbage trucks in the city of Chelyabinsk to identify the most loaded and develop on its basis a test route for the created garbage truck with a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of the "Ural" vehicle. Keywords garbage truck, hybrid power plant, traffic routes, experimental data, statistical research

Использование пеностекла (гранулированного) в очистке городских поверхностных сточных вод

Introduction. When purifying natural objects from heavy metals a decisive role is played by sorption technologies, for the development of which new kinds of sorbents are required. The aim of the study is to evaluate the sorption capacity of granulated foam glass in the treatment of surface wastewater (SW) from urbanized areas from heavy metals (on the example of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn). Materials and methods. Granulated foam glass was used as a sorbent. The sorbate was urban surface wastewater from the city of Chelyabinsk. The interaction in the sorbent-sorbate system was studied in laboratory conditions by the limited volume method of static sorption when the pollutants were in the liquid phase and brought into contact with a stationary sorbent. The contact time of the sorbent with the sorbate was varied from 3 to 168 hours and the ambient temperature from 0 to 20 °C. The structure and surface composition of the sorbents were studied using a JEOL JSM-6460LV scanning electron microscope with an attachment for micro X-ray spectral analysis. Changes in the sorbate composition during interaction with the sorbents were determined by atomic emission spectrometry on an OPTIMA 2100 DV spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Hydrogen index was determined on a pH-meter microprocessor рН-150МИ. Results. The structure and surface composition of granulated cellular glass has been studied. The efficiency of sorption of granulated foam glass of heavy metals from urban surface wastewater has been revealed. Conclusions. The results show that the investigated granulated foam glass is an effective sorption material and allows the extraction of heavy metals (cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, zinc) from urban surface wastewater.

Insights into the failure mode of the Chelyabinsk meteor from high-fidelity simulation

In 2013, an asteroid with a diameter of approximate 20 m broke up in the atmosphere above the Russian city of Chelyabinsk producing what is known as an airburst event. The event was recorded on video from multiple angles and a 500-kg fragment was recovered from Lake Chebarkul shortly thereafter. These aspects, coupled with the asteroid’s large size, distinguish the Chelyabinsk event as unique. In this study, we use the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to examine the breakup mode of a Chelyabinsk-sized monolithic asteroid and probe whether a monolithic structure is consistent with observations from the Chelyabinsk event. We model the object as a homogeneous sphere with properties consistent with Chelyabinsk meteorites. We use planar-2D simulations to test the sensitivity of results to variations in the material model and to qualitatively inspect the cause of crack nucleation and fragmentation. We then compare results from a 3D simulation to observations from the event. Our 3D simulation predicts a burst height within 3 km of the observed peak luminosity suggesting the responsible asteroid may have been monolithic.

Reduced power generation efficiency of solar panels in dusty locations

In this paper, we aim to investigate the performance of solar panels depending on the climate conditions of their location and the chemical and electrophysical characteristics of deposited dust. In particular, we study the effect of surface contamination of solar panels on their efficiency and determine the period of dust deposition that is critical in terms of power generation reduction. Experiments were conducted in April 2022 in the Republic of Tajikistan and the Chelyabinsk region of the Russian Federation. Both domestic and foreign publications on the impact of surface contamination on solar cell efficiency were reviewed. Comparative field experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of solar panels depending on environmental variables. It was found that the level of dust deposition in the Chelyabinsk region reached about 12–19 mg/m3, which is significantly lower than that in Tajikistan. However, due to its fine disperse structure, this dust is harder to remove. In Tajikistan, the capacity of the solar panel covered with dust de-creased by 46.64% relative to its nominal value in the first decade of April (the onset of dust storms). In the large industrial city of Chelyabinsk, the power output of the panels under study decreased by an average of 7.1% during this period. These findings confirm the importance of solar panel protection for maintaining the nominal values of solar power generation in the given regions. When no special protection devices are used, cleaning frequency for maintaining the re-quired efficiency of solar panels should be, on average, not less than once a week for both regions. A device is proposed for preventing dusting of the solar panel surface based on electron-ion technology. In addition, holographic films can be used to protect solar panels not only from dust contamination, but also from IR radiation. These protection approaches are the subject of future research.

Cancer incidence risk of female reproductive organs in the Southern Urals Populations Exposed to Radiation Cohort: 1956-2019

The objective of the study is to obtain direct estimates of the excess relative risk of the reproductive organ cancer in women from the cohort of the Southern Urals population exposed to radiation under chronic exposure in the dose range not exceeding 1 Gy. Materials and Methods: The analytical cohort of the Southern Urals population exposed to radiation of women included 26,076 individuals with a follow-up period of 65 years (1956 to 2019) and 749,053 person-years at risk. The cancer incidence catchment area is limited to five districts of the Chelyabinsk region, the city of Chelyabinsk and the city of Ozyorsk. Over a 65 year-period 601 cases of the reproductive organ cancers have been registered in the incidence catchment area. The average cumulative dose to the uterus for women in the analytical cohort was 42 mGy; the maximum dose was 988 mGy. A regression analysis with a simple parametric model of the excess relative risk was used in the study. The significance of the results was assessed by the maximum likelihood method with 95% probability. Calculations were performed with the statistical software package “Epicure”. Results: The risk analysis revealed a statistically significant linear dependence of the excess relative risk of the cervical cancer incidence and that of all reproductive organ cancers in total on the dose accumulated in the walls of the uterus. The paper assesses the influence of modifying factors available for analysis on the magnitude of the risk. No dependence of either uterine body cancer risk on the dose to the uterus or ovary cancer risk on the dose to the ovaries was revealed. The possibility of obtaining significant risk values of the development of site-specific cancers appeared with an increase in the size of the analyzed population as a result of combining people exposed in the Southern Urals in two radiation accidents into one cohort, which increased the statistical power of the study. Assessment of the excess relative risk of the reproductive organ cancer in this cohort was carried out for the first time. This cohort has a great potential for further research to obtain direct estimates of the radiation risk of cancer and non-cancer diseases due to chronic exposure in the dose range up to 1 Gy.

Клинико-анамнестические факторы риска антенатальной смерти доношенного плода

Introduction. Current clinical and laboratory methods for assessing the intrauterine growth of a fetus are indirect and often have a low prognostic significance. Meanwhile, the determination of risk factors of antenatal death of a full-term fetus with the assessment of their prognostic significance and the possible preventability of adverse perinatal outcome will identify ways to reduce the stillbirth rate. Aim. Determine the clinical and anamnestic risk factors for antenatal death of a full-term fetus in the Chelyabinsk region. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of all cases with antenatal fetal death at 37 weeks 0 days – 41 weeks 6 days of pregnancy, registered in the territory of the Chelyabinsk region from 2019 to 2021, was carried out. Two groups were assigned: group 1 – women with antenatal death of the full-term fetus (158 patients), group 2 – women with live full-term births (50 patients). Results. Women with antenatal death of the full-term fetus statistically significantly more often lived in the city of Chelyabinsk and big cities of the Chelyabinsk region, had secondary vocational education and used to smoke tobacco; they had first or second pregnancy and first delivery. Among these women, female pelvic inflammatory diseases, hypertension, endocrine system diseases and specific infectious diseases (HIV infection, hepatitis C and tuberculosis) were statistically more common. These women had statistically more pregnancy-related complications such as hypertension without significant proteinuria; diabetes mellitus arising in pregnancy; gestational edema; false labour up to 37 full weeks of pregnancy; placental disorders; maternal care for poor fetal growth; acute respiratory infections. The following factors have a direct impact on antenatal death at full-term pregnancy: a history of hypertension, moderate pre-eclampsia, placental disorders, and fetal growth retardation. Conclusion. In the presence of risk factors directly affecting the occurrence of antenatal death of a full-term fetus, we consider it appropriate to deliver at 37 weeks 0 days – 38 weeks 0 days of pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of an adverse outcome of pregnancy.

Тематические фреймы в конструировании образа города зарубежными СМИ

The key research question is what image of the city of Chelyabinsk, and Chelyabinsk region is built in the English-spoken media of Asia-Pacific region and African countries. The paper aims to analyze the key actors within the frame theory and how frames can be applied to build the image of the city and region. It also deals with frame effects on the actors' responsibility. We have analyzed 443 English news texts taken from the NOW Corpus. The main research method is frame analysis. According to S. Iyengar, there are thematic and episodic news frames. The research findings reveal that thematic frames (97%) prevailed overepisodic ones (3%). A thematic news frame creates a generalized image of Chelyabinsk and Chelyabinsk region. Thematic news frames attribute the responsibility for the city and region problems to the authorities, or government, or an object (an asteroid). Thematic news frame use emotional evaluative vocabulary, terms, action verbs, metaphors, and epithets of anthropomorphic semantics.

RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS OF THE CULTURAL LAYER OF «OLD» CHELYABINSK ON ST. KRASNOARMEISKAYA, 79: PETTY-BOURGEOIS LIFE AT THE TURN OF ERAS

The article is of a publication nature and aims to introduce into scientific circulation the collection of the period of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. from the excavations of the «old» Chelyabinsk. As a result of research with a continuous area of more than 2 thousand m2, an extensive material complex was obtained, reflecting the petty-bourgeois life of the city of Chelyabinsk in a narrow period of time, recorded not only from archival sources, but also directly dating objects in the complex. The timely publication of the primary source will allow not only to solve particular issues of the history of the city of Chelyabinsk, but also to correlate the data obtained during urban excavations in the adjacent territories, especially the Ural-West Siberian region.

Web Portals as an Effective Means of Managing Cities to Ensure Sustainable Development and Solve Environmental Problems

This article is devoted to examining sustainable development and environmental problems in cities through analysis of open data from Russian and foreign web portals. The analysis is aimed at revealing the advantages and disadvantages of open data portals; the information obtained can be applied when creating portals for cities in the Russian Federation (specifically, the city of Chelyabinsk). Developing open data portals is an effective method of managing cities to ensure sustainable development. Actively implementing information technologies into urban management systems can improve control over the quality and promptness of city management, help manage city resources, and use resources rationally to solve a number of urban problems, including environmental ones.

An Analysis of the Links between Smoking and BMI in Adolescents: A Moving Average Approach to Establishing the Statistical Relationship between Quantitative and Dichotomous Variables.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on BMI in male adolescents and explore the relationship between smoking status and diet. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study into the health and diet of adolescents was carried out based on a representative sample of 375 vocational school male students aged 16–17 in the city of Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation). The students and their parents filled out verified questionnaires on their socioeconomic status, diet, and smoking status. Students’ height and body weight were measured. A comparative analysis of diets was performed between groups of smokers and non-smokers (149 and 226 individuals, respectively), and the relationship between smoking, body mass index, and actual diet was estimated. The methods used included descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, comparison of proportions, and moving average. Results: Non-smoking adolescent boys tended to have excess body mass compared with smokers (19.0% and 12.1%, respectively). Smokers (adolescent boys) consumed less meat, cereals, beans, and cheeses and more sweet beverages, added sugar, coffee, and alcohol. The bulk of the smokers’ diet was composed of carbohydrates (p = 0.026) and, to a lesser extent, proteins (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Significant differences were discovered in the diet between smokers and non-smokers (among adolescent boys), and smoking was associated with several indicators of unhealthy diet patterns. This is an important conclusion for developing a future program that could additionally protect at-risk groups of adolescents.

Психолого-педагогическая программа «ГИА: Шаг вперед (режим online)»

<p>The program “State Final Attestation: Step Forward (online mode)” is one of the options for psychoprophylactic assistance to graduates in line with the formation of competencies that help ensure the psychological readiness of schoolchildren for the State Final Attestation. A feature of the course is the ability to implement it in an online format at all stages, relying on the interactive capabilities of online technologies using a combination of traditional methods (training, mini-lecture, discussion) and innovative methods implemented using modern technologies (interactive projective exercises, creation of a “digital story” by the participants). The program is effective as a prevention of stress factors associated with the need to comply with increased security measures, anxiety about the health of loved ones, with a decrease in the quantity and quality of direct communication. 36 students of comprehensive schools in the city of Chelyabinsk took part in the approbation of the program. The factor of personal interest and desire of graduates to participate in the program acted as a determining factor for participation in the program.</p>

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ВЫПУСКНИКОВ ШКОЛ О ПОРЯДКЕ ВЫБОРА ПРОФЕССИИ И ТРУДОУСТРОЙСТВЕ

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the problem of choosing a profession, in particular professional self-determination of young people studying. Some features of the regulatory documents of the federal and regional levels regulating career guidance activities that promote conscious and effective professional self-determination of a person are disclosed. The generalized results of a study of school graduates on the procedure for choosing a profession and employment in the city of Chelyabinsk 2019-2021 are presented. It is established that students initially form an interest in the university, and then there is a definition in the profession (specialty).

ЖЕЛЕЗНАЯ ДОРОГА И МИГРАЦИЯ В УЕЗДНОМ ГОРОДЕ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКЕ В КОНЦЕ XIX — НАЧАЛЕ XX В.

Based on statistical documents, the article seeks to problematize the impact of the Great Siberian Way construction on the growth of urban population using the county city of Chelyabinsk as an example. The case is approached through the prism of modernization changes in the Russian Empire, with a special focus on migration processes. After a detailed survey of the current historiographical terrain encompassing histories of railway infrastructure, modernization and the city itself, the authors turn to statistics. The data reveals noticeable changes in the numbers of such social groups of citizens as merchants, peasants, burghers, and artisans. However, as it is argued by the authors, the increased net inflows of people to Chelyabinsk were mainly due to the peasantry. Within this group the most effective and flexible were migrants heading to Siberia, whose conversion into the local city dwellers had been started well before the construction of the railroad. After opening the traffic via Chelyabinsk railway station, the influx of peasants intensified, many of them chose the county town as their place of residence. The study did not find any statistically significant correlation between the railroad construction and the demographic changes in other social groups — burghers, merchants and artisans. Nor there was any principal difference in the modernization dynamics of Chelyabinsk and other Ural towns selected for comparison — Orenburg, Ufa, Troitsk, Zlatoust, and Kurgan. The authors conclude that the population growth is a sure sign of Chelyabinsk’s involvement in a general socio-demographic trends associated with urbanization in the late Russian Empire, and was due to a complex of factors, оf which the railroad was important but not a priority. The authors concluded that population growth in Chelyabinsk is a sure sign of general socio-demographic trends associated with urbanization in the Russian Empire, and it resulted from a complex of factors.