City Of Baku Research Articles

New records of lichens of the genus Cladonia (Cladoniaceae) for Azerbaijan

When processing the specimens of the lichens from the Cladonia genus (51 taxa), which were collected in various years by different collectors and which are stored in a lichenological and bryological herbarium of Botanical Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (city of Baku), there were revealed three species and two subspecies: C. borealis, C. farinacea, C. mitis, C. gracilis subsp. turbinata and C. uncialis subsp. uncialis. These taxa are considered new and rare for lichen biota of Azerbaijan.

Baku's New Crown Jewel

Situated near the shore of the Caspian Sea in the centuries-old city of Baku—the capital and cultural, scientific, and industrial center of Azerbaijan—the new, 68,700-seat Baku Olympic Stadium arose in just 24 months, a model of fast-track design and construction that drew upon an advanced modeling approach and a structural design that incorporated piled raft foundations typically used in high-rise structures.

Incidence of dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan

Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi, which are able to use keratin as a source of carbon. Some of these organisms develop in skin and hair and cause cutaneous lesions. This zoonotic disease is called dermatophytosis or ringworm. The study was aimed to assess the frequency of dermatophyte infection of dog’s and cat’s skin around the city of Baku. During a period of 1 year (2014–2015), 116 dogs and 77 cats were included in this study. The mycological analyses were conducted by direct microscopy and by fungal culture on chloramphenicol Sabouraud agar (CSA) at the Department of Microbiology, Azerbaijan Animal Rescue Center (AARC), Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan. Of the 193 samples, 108 resulted in positive cultures for dermatophytes. Of the remaining 85 samples, no fungal growth was observed in 7 samples. One, two, and three genera of saprobe fungi were isolated in 32, 39, and 7 samples, respectively. Microsporum gypseum was isolated in 15 (14 %) and 38 samples (35.1 %) from cats and dogs, respectively. Microsporum canis was isolated in 18 (16.8 %) and 22 samples (20.3 %) from cats and dogs, respectively, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 6 (5.5 %) and 9 samples (8.3 %) from cats and dogs, respectively.

USING SATELLITE IMAGES FOR WIRELESS NETWORK PLANING IN BAKU CITY

Abstract. It is a well known fact that the Information-Telecommunication and Space research technologies are the fields getting much more benefits from the achievements of the scientific and technical progress. In many cases, these areas supporting each other have improved the conditions for their further development. For instance, the intensive development in the field of the mobile communication has caused the rapid progress of the Space research technologies and vice versa.Today it is impossible to solve one of the most important tasks of the mobile communication as Radio Frecance planning without the 2D and 3D digital maps. The compiling of such maps is much more efficient by means of the space images. Because the quality of the space images has been improved and developed, especially at the both spectral and spatial resolution points. It has been possible to to use 8 Band images with the spatial resolution of 50 sm. At present, in relation to the function 3G of mobile communications one of the main issues facing mobile operator companies is a high-precision 3D digital maps. It should be noted that the number of mobile phone users in the Republic of Azerbaijan went forward other Community of Independent States Countries. Of course, using of aerial images for 3D mapping would be optimal. However, depending on a number of technical and administrative problems aerial photography cannot be used. Therefore, the experience of many countries shows that it will be more effective to use the space images with the higher resolution for these issues. Concerning the fact that the mobile communication within the city of Baku has included 3G function there were ordered stereo images wih the spatial resolution of 50 cm for the 150 sq.km territory occupying the central part of the city in order to compile 3D digital maps. The images collected from the WorldView-2 satellite are 4-Band Bundle(Pan+MS1) stereo images. Such kind of imagery enable to automatically classificate some required clutter classes.Meanwhile, there were created 12 GPS points in the territory and there have been held some appropriate observations in these points for the geodesic reference of the space images in the territory. Moreover, it would like to mention that there have been constructed 37 permanently acting GPS stations in the territory of Azerbaijan at present. It significantly facilitates the process of the geodesic reference of the space images in order to accomplish such kind of mentioned projects. The processing of the collected space images was accomplished by means of Erdas LPS 10 program. In the first stage there was created the main component of the 3D maps- Digital Elevevation Model. In this model the following clutter classes are presented: Open; Open areas in urban; Airport, Sea, Inland water; Forest; Parks in urban; Semi Open Area; Open Wet Area; Urban/Urban Mean; Dense urban, Villages, Industrial/Commercial, Residential/Suburban; Dense residential/Suburban; Block of BUILDINGS; Dense Urban High; Buildings, Urban Mixed, Mixed dense urban

Gis and 3D Models as Support to Documentation and Planning of the Baku Historical Centre (Republic of Azerbaijan)

The walled city of Baku, Icherisheher has been described as one of the best examples of a city that has retained its historical stratigraphy in over a thousand years, where the different influences and its evolution in time may be appreciated. In realising the Master Plan of the historical city, many problems were solved with different information technologies (GIS, DEM, DTM, etc.) for the survey and data mapping management during all the phases of the project. Initially the analysis was addressed to systematic reading of the documents collected during the iconographic study, verifying the process of deterioration that the historic city had suffered during various periods from the Khans to the Tsarist domain, and from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Soviet period through to its independence. The entire central part of the historic city was analyzed, including not only on its special architectural and urban monuments, but even minor buildings, which are in part still intact, used as a basis for a digital map created in order to focus on Baku's historical evolution. A three-dimensional model of the historic centre of Baku was then produced as a basis not only for virtual navigation in real time, but as additional support for planning studies and to better understand the principles of various design choices. The request to produce a model in VRML format addressed the choice of better modelling methods. The combination of these different technologies and their application in the analysis of historical cities led to further considerations on data acquisition systems, standardization of formats, the use of survey instruments and the use of different software, etc., all fundamental elements to the define their correct use.

Die Ethnisierung des Proletariats. Arbeiter in der Ölindustrie Bakus im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts

Revolutions are turning points of political development. However, they do not completely turn upside down all existing social practices in a society. Nor can they interrupt cultural traditions and memories. Yet, after 1917 the victorious Bolsheviks set out to do just that: they sought to create a “new man”, a person completely divided from the cultural past of Russia and the Russian Empire. But they sought to make people undergo a “double assimilation” (Francine Hirsch), as the population of the former Tsarist Empire was not only forced to adopt to the revolutionary new ways of the first socialist country in the world. Most people, especially those living outside the core of Russia, were forced to perceive of themselves as members of a modern nation. The European concept of nationhood was transferred by force to contexts where it had not existed before. The city of Baku‘s oil industry is an example of how this “nationalising” of identities lead to problematic results. The Bolsheviks‘ nation building drive was based on a pre-revolutionary tradition of percieving ethnic differences as markers of civilizational development. This eurocentric approach resulted in loading ethnic and cultural differences with additional potential for conflict.

THE BATTLE FOR BAKU (May-September 1918): A PECULIAR EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF THE CAUCASUS

The city of Baku and surrounding area is one of the best-known oil regions in the world. Exploitation by collection from springs and shallow pits was well noticed in the earliest historical records. A considerable commerce was carried on in the area, supplying oil for cooking and medicinal purposes. During the nineteenth century, the Tsarist government envisioned the modem petroleum industry when it drilled a well for oil at what is now the giant BibiEibat field. It was the end of the nineteenth century before the area had its first contact with the Western capital. The rich oil potential in the region attracted influential foreign companies. By the late nineteenth century, two competing families came to control Baku's oil industry. The Swedish Nobel brothers arrived on the scene first to be followed by the French branch of the Rothschild family. In 1898 Russia became the largest oil-producing country, and held this position until 1902. At the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 50 per cent of the world's oil was produced in the Baku region. Baku, a town with a population of 2,500 at the beginning of the nineteenth century, emerged as an industrial and commercial centre with a thriving population rising to 200,000 at the end of the century. The rush to Baku was driven by the discovery of rich oil resources. Railways soon followed to transport the material wealth to and fro. The Batum-Baku railway construction opened the way for a big harbour and, consequently, Baku was by 1918 at the centre of an ever important transit route between Russia, Iran and Central Asia via the Caspian Sea. When the Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia in November 1917' the First World War was already approaching its fourth year. Although the Russian armies had controlled the regions of Transcaucasia and part of eastern Anatolia since 1916, on the European borders of Russia control was in the hands of the Central Powers. The armies of Germany and AustroHungary had invaded Russian Poland and had reached the borders of the

The battle for Baku (May‐September 1918): a peculiar episode in the history of the caucasus

The city of Baku and surrounding area is one of the best-known oil regions in the world. Exploitation by collection from springs and shallow pits was well noticed in the earliest historical records. A considerable commerce was carried on in the area, supplying oil for cooking and medicinal purposes. During the nineteenth century, the Tsarist government envisioned the modem petroleum industry when it drilled a well for oil at what is now the giant BibiEibat field. It was the end of the nineteenth century before the area had its first contact with the Western capital. The rich oil potential in the region attracted influential foreign companies. By the late nineteenth century, two competing families came to control Baku's oil industry. The Swedish Nobel brothers arrived on the scene first to be followed by the French branch of the Rothschild family. In 1898 Russia became the largest oil-producing country, and held this position until 1902. At the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 50 per cent of the world's oil was produced in the Baku region. Baku, a town with a population of 2,500 at the beginning of the nineteenth century, emerged as an industrial and commercial centre with a thriving population rising to 200,000 at the end of the century. The rush to Baku was driven by the discovery of rich oil resources. Railways soon followed to transport the material wealth to and fro. The Batum-Baku railway construction opened the way for a big harbour and, consequently, Baku was by 1918 at the centre of an ever important transit route between Russia, Iran and Central Asia via the Caspian Sea. When the Bolshevik Revolution started in Russia in November 1917' the First World War was already approaching its fourth year. Although the Russian armies had controlled the regions of Transcaucasia and part of eastern Anatolia since 1916, on the European borders of Russia control was in the hands of the Central Powers. The armies of Germany and AustroHungary had invaded Russian Poland and had reached the borders of the

GREEN SUPERSTRUCTURE- SOLUTION TO REDUCE THE EFFECT OF LOCKDOWN IN BAKU CITY

Abstract. The infrastructure networks and superstructure facilities of the city of Baku have been committed to specific patterns of production and consumption with complex methods to ensure the provision of people's needs for many years. Obligations that under the shadow of infrastructure systems relying on natural resources and through a linear model, they have turned goods and services into a set of unstable flows, which has caused a lock effect by preventing the implementation of more stable alternatives in the city's infrastructure; And on the other hand, it has made the superstructure facilities as a catalyst by speeding up the unstable infrastructure services and transferring them in a concentrated manner on the city bed. The access and receipt of these services for the citizens of Baku has been associated with adverse and destructive effects of environmental pollutants. However, the city of Baku by placing a large network of small green spaces of the city among residential areas, inter-neighborhood spaces, street intersections, public squares and industrial areas in addition to a list of its large parks, in fact, it will find this opportunity to maintain and improve its infrastructure networks; By the way, some of them are also located in the scale of green city superstructure, by applying sustainable optimal innovative methods, obsolete and inconsistent words will reduce the effect of the lock with the green key of sustainability. Keywords: green superstructure, urban infrastructure, sustainable optimal methods, locking effect

BAKI ŞƏHƏRİNDƏ HƏRƏKƏT ŞƏRAİTLƏRİNİN YAXŞILAŞDIRILMASI TƏDBİRLƏRİ HAQQINDA

Abstract. The issue of compatibility of the density of the street-road network with the increasing requirements of traffic flows in the city of Baku was considered. 2.2÷2.4 km/km2 was accepted as the optimal value of the optimal density of the street-road network according to the existing norms in the CIS area. The values of this indicator are 8-10 km/km2 in European cities, and 12-14 km/km2 in US cities. As can be seen from the mentioned figures, the issue of ensuring the optimal density of the existing street-road network should be considered the main important issue. It is proposed to take a number of measures to reduce the current traffic density and road loading level in the existing street- road network. The issues of organization and regulation of road traffic can be considered after achieving the optimal density of the street-road network and traffic flows. The measures intended for this purpose are listed in the most general way. Measures have also been designed to organize and regulate the movement of pedestrians, who are the most vulnerable participants in road traffic. It is considered important to expand the use of electric cars in order to protect the city air basin from the harmful effects of export gases. The measures to be taken to stimulate the application of electric cars, the charging infrastructure, the creation of conditions for the development of the production of electric cars and their components have been considered. Special attention was paid to the measures to improve the technical conditions of vehicles among the measures to improve traffic conditions. Keywords: density, "hotbed", "narrow" places, openings, monorail, transit, "green wave", electromobile.

SUSTAINABLE RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF MODERN PARKS IN LARGE CITIES

Abstract. The article discusses modern parks in the large city of Azerbaijan Baku and developed large cities of the world, their potential for sustainable recreation in the urban structure, as well as the issue of micro and macroclimate formation in the surrounding areas. In the course of the study, the area and functionality of existing recreational areas in large cities were compared, determined (using the example of the city of Baku) and their influence on the climatic indicators of existing territories. As a result of the analysis, the scale of the recreational potential of parks in large cities was determined. It also identifies the main points that should be paid attention to in the process of designing and reconstructing sustainable recreation areas, especially parks, in the future. In general, we come to the conclusion that in order to design or create large-scale recreational areas with sustainable development potential in the city of Baku, special attention should be paid to the functional diversity and landscape solution at the design and reconstruction stage for the sustainable development of parks. A convenient system of movement between roads, inclusive zones and other functional areas of the park should also be designed so that people with disabilities can comfortably move around the park. If inclusive zones do not exist, it is important to include them in the functional scheme of parks in the coming years

Communism and the East: The Baku Congress, 1920

The First Congress of the Peoples of the East was held in. the city of Baku from September 1 to 8, 1920. It has tended, on the whole, to attract attention rather more because of the colorful Oriental pageantry which surrounded it than because of the importance of its debates and resolutions. The first account to become available in the West, for instance, was that of H. G. Wells, who had been in Russia when the Congress was taking place. He reported that Zinoviev and his associates had "held a congress at Baku, at which they gathered together a quite wonderful accumulation of white, black, brown, and yellow people, Asiatic costumes and astonishing weapons.

Interregional Oil Industry Injury Management Conference

The conference, organized by the Kazan Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, was attended by about 300 workers, engineers and technicians, leaders of party trade union organizations, medical workers representing oil workers from Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Kuibyshev, Perm, Saratov regions and the city of Baku. The participation of guests from Moscow in the conference was very useful.