City Names Research Articles

Crime Type and Occurrence Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithm

This project is entitled as “Crime Type and Occurrence Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithm” Crime is still a major worry and a serious problem in our society. As a result, crime prevention is a significant issue that needs to be examined methodically. Detecting and preventing crime requires effective crime analytics, which is also crucial for assessing how well criminal investigations are working. To create precise forecasts, inferences are drawn from trained data. a system that uses user input to forecast different characteristics of crime. Users select the year, offense type, and city name. The method forecasts the population, expected number of occurrences, and expected crime rate for the year in 100,000 units based on this data. The dataset used in this investigation was produced on its own. The system makes use of machine learning techniques, particularly Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression, and Linear Regression. To guarantee precise forecasts and dependable results, it has undergone testing and training

The New City Megaproject's Issues: Network Discourse Analysis of the Development of the Pros and Cons of the Archipelago's Determination and Capital Development (IKN)

President Jokowi signed Law Number 3/2022 on February 15, 2022, which declared Nusantara as the name of the new capital city, which is known in Indonesia by its abbreviation, IKN (Ibu Kota Nusantara). Since the passage of the law, both supporters and opponents of the decision have raised their voices in public places. IKN will replace Jakarta, which has existed as the capital of Indonesia since 1945. In the midst of concerns and issues regarding democratic regression, oligarchic dominance, the displacement of indigenous peoples, the COVID-19 pandemic, and forecasts of a global recession, these pro and con voices are becoming more and more abrasive. The paper attempts to discuss the debate between proponents and opponents of IKN's determination and development. Discourse can be interpreted in this context as a set of concepts or ideas that are communicated by actors in order to influence public policy. The research mixes discourse analysis (qualitative content) with social networking techniques by applying the discourse network method (DNA) analysis. The idea of discourse coalition adds depth to the DNA approach by mapping every discourse that emerges about an issue (what), as well as the players who express the discourse (who) related to the issues and actors who are pro and contra to the IKN.

Usage Sphere and Lexico-Stylistic Features of Anthroponomastics

The article elaborates usage sphere and lexico-stylistic features of anthroponomastics. When the person names combine with toponyms, there appears a new term called “anthroponomastics”. The article revealed that anthroponomastics mainly cover the names of villages, settlements, cities, streets or avenues, restaurants or cafes, markets or shops public buildings such as schools, universities, colleges, stations, museums, metro stations, hospitals, mosques, churches, etc. Public buildings are usually named after historical figures, poets, writers, musicians, academicians or scholars, presidents while shops or markets, cafes or restaurants are named after ordinary people depending on the willing and desire of citizens. The study underlines that there is a minute distinction between anthroponomastics and personification. In personification, human character and quality are transferred onto an inanimate object while only name is transferred onto place names in anthroponomastics. Besides, novel terms such as zooponomastics, vegeponomastics, aviaponomastics have also been compared with anthroponomastics in the article.

The effects of exercise, heat-induced hypo-hydration and rehydration on blood-brain-barrier permeability, corticospinal and peripheral excitability.

The effects of low-intensity exercise, heat-induced hypo-hydration and rehydration on maximal strength and the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. To assess this, 12 participants took part in a randomised crossover study, in a prolonged (3h) submaximal (60W) cycling protocol under 3 conditions: (i) in 45°C (achieving ~ 5% body mass reduction), with post-exercise rehydration in 2h (RHY2), (ii) with rehydration across 24h (RHY24), and (iii) a euhydrated trial in 25°C (CON). Dependent variables included maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), maximum motor unit potential (MMAX), motor evoked potential (MEPRAW) amplitude and cortical silent period (cSP) duration. Blood-brain-barrier integrity was also assessed by serum Ubiquitin Carboxyl-terminal Hydrolase (UCH-L1) concentrations. All measures were obtained immediately pre, post, post 2h and 24h. During both dehydration trials, MVC (RHY2: p < 0.001, RHY24: p = 0.001) and MEPRAW (RHY2: p = 0.025, RHY24: p = 0.045) decreased from pre- to post-exercise. MEPRAW returned to baseline during RHY2 and CON, but not RHY24 (p = 0.020). MEP/MMAX ratio decreased across time for all trials (p = 0.009) and returned to baseline, except RHY24 (p < 0.026). Increased cSP (p = 0.011) was observed during CON post-exercise, but not during RHY2 and RHY24. Serum UCH-L1 increased across time for all conditions (p < 0.001) but was not significantly different between conditions. Our findings demonstrate an increase in corticospinal inhibition after exercise with fluid ingestion, but a decrease in corticospinal excitability after heat-induced hypo-hydration. In addition, low-intensity exercise increases peripheral markers of blood-brain-barrier permeability.Kindly check and confirm inserted city name correctly identified in affiliation 7This is correct.

Efficacy of galcanezumab in migraine central sensitizatio

Galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway (CGRP mAb), acts peripherally due to its large size. However, recent studies have suggested that CGRP mAbs may also have a central mode of action. This study aimed to evaluate the central effects of galcanezumab on migraine central sensitization.This prospective real-world study was conducted at three headache centers in Japan between May 2021 and May 2022. Patients treated with galcanezumab for migraines were included in the study. The primary outcome was the change in the validated Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score from baseline to six months of treatment. We also assessed changes in the Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12) score. Eighty-six patients with migraine (73 female and 13 male) were analyzed. At 6 months, CSI and ASC-12 scores were significantly reduced compared to baseline (CSI: 36.0 vs. 29.3, p < 0.001; and ASC-12: 5.55 vs. 4.26, p < 0.01). Furthermore, these effects were observed as early as three months of treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the real-world efficacy of galcanezumab in improving central sensitization in migraine, with significant effects seen in the early phase of treatment.Please check and confirm whether the corresponding author mail ID is correctly processed We checked it. And, please kindly re-check !!!! !!! To use this Article for commercial purposes should be okay.!!! We asked you to publish this article with the following license; Creative Commons licence CC BY: This licence allows readers to copy, distribute and transmit the Article as long as it is attributed back to the author. Readers are permitted to alter, transform or build upon the Article, and to use the Article for commercial purposes.Please confirm the inserted city name is correct in affiliation 3 and amend if necessary.Checked.Per style, a structured abstract is not allowed so we have changed the structured abstract to an unstructured abstract. Please check and confirm.We Checked. And again, please kindly make sure the followings;!!! Please kindly re-check !!! To use this Article for commercial purposes should be okay.!!! We asked you to publish this article with the following license; Creative Commons licence CC BY: This licence allows readers to copy, distribute and transmit the Article as long as it is attributed back to the author. Readers are permitted to alter, transform or build upon the Article, and to use the Article for commercial purposes.Trial registration: This study was registered with UMIN-CTR on May 2, 2021 (UMIN000044096).

Use of Hashtags by Two Canadian Public Libraries: A Comparative Review

This research presents a comparative review of hashtags in tweets posted by the two large Canadian public libraries, Edmonton Public Library (EPL) and Calgary Public Library (CPL), serving communities in the Province of Alberta. The descriptive statistics reveals variation between the two libraries in the number and types of hashtags. Both the libraries used a number of hashtags that had libraries’ names including initialism to contribute to their visibility, and local airport codes or the respective city names to establish their explicit and implicit associations with their geographical area of operations. The paper contributes to literature on the use of hashtags particularly in the context of Canadian public libraries. It will provide evidence-driven insights to other libraries on ways to create hashtags to strengthen their online presence, and digitally share information and promote events, programs and services.

Reflections of Chinese character culture in nomenclature: A quantitative linguistic and geolinguistic examination of five-star hotel names in China

This study investigates the names of 801 five-star hotels across the Chinese mainland, quantitatively analyzing syllable length, geographical names (city and province names), and common terms within six regions and thirty-one provinces. The research aims to elucidate the lexical characteristics evident in the names of these luxury hotels from a geolinguistic perspective, thus offering insights into China’s linguistic culture. The analysis revealed that the prevalence of five-star hotels correlates significantly with economic size and geographical location. Notable regional differences were observed in the usage of syllable counts and geographical names, with marked distinctions between the north and south, and more subtle variations between the east and west. The employment of city names was particularly prominent. The term jiudian 酒店 emerged as the most frequently used common term, especially in the Central South and Northwest, while fandian 飯店 was more commonly used in the Southwest, North China, and Northeast. Additionally, a diverse array of common terms characterized the nomenclature in the East China region.

Occurrence, serotypes and virulence characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from dairy cattle in South Africa

Shiga toxin-producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichiacoli are foodborne pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal disease in humans. This study investigated the presence of STEC and EPEC in 771 dairy cattle fecal samples which were collected from 5 abattoirs and 9 dairy farms in South Africa. STEC and EPEC were detected, isolated and identified using culture and PCR. Furthermore, 339 STEC and 136 EPEC isolates were characterized by serotype and major virulence genes including stx1, stx2, eaeA and hlyA and the presence of eaeA and bfpA in EPEC. PCR screening of bacterial sweeps which were grown from fecal samples revealed that 42.2% and 23.3% were STEC and EPEC positive, respectively. PCR serotyping of 339 STEC and 136 EPEC isolates revealed 53 different STEC and 19 EPEC serotypes, respectively. The three most frequent STEC serotypes were O82:H8, OgX18:H2, and O157:H7. Only 10% of the isolates were classified as “Top 7” STEC serotypes: O26:H2, 0.3%; O26:H11, 3.2%; O103:H8, 0.6%; and O157:H7, 5.9%. The three most frequent EPEC serotypes were O10:H2, OgN9:H28, and O26:H11. The distribution of major virulence genes among the 339 STEC isolates was as follows: stx1, 72.9%; stx2, 85.7%; eaeA, 13.6% and hlyA, 69.9%. All the 136 EPEC isolates were eaeA-positive but bfpA-negative, while 46.5% carried hlyA. This study revealed that dairy cattle are a major reservoir of STEC and EPEC in South Africa. Further comparative studies of cattle and human STEC and EPEC isolates will be needed to determine the role played by dairy cattle STEC and EPEC in the occurrence of foodborne disease in humans.Please kindly check and confirm the country and city name in affiliation [6].This affiliation is correct.Please kindly check and confirm the affiliationsConfirmed. All Affiliations are accurate

UNOFFICIAL PLACE NAMES AND MINOR PLACE NAMES AS MARKERS OF URBAN IDENTITY

The article examines unoffi cial or folk place names and minor place names in Chelyabinsk residents’ speech as a means of representing their identity. Based on the comments of the Internet portal 74.ru users, unofficial names of Chelyabinsk toponymic objects were revealed, their main functions were defi ned, word-building means used in the formation of folk place names and minor place names including suffi xation, abbreviation and acronymy were analyzed. The analysis of the empirical material showed that suffi xation is characteristic mainly of unoffi cial godonyms, abbreviations are frequently found in unoffi cial names of cities, districts and derivatives of generalized folk names of the residents. Abbreviation in folk place names and minor place names is used without their mea-ning transformation, while suffi xation and reduction are often applied to form emotive unoffi cial place names and minor place names with negative connotations. Chelyabinsk unoffi cial minor place names are characterized by transonymization and partial or complete deheroization of offi cial commemorative names. Folk place names refl ect creativity of the portal users, actualize the opposition "our own" — "foreign", the recognition and suffi cient fi xa-tion of unoffi cial place names and minor place names in the linguistic consciousness of Chelyabinsk residents and mainly the negative attitude to the urban landscape in general.

The Naming of Korat Cubra, its Location, its Mountains, and the Surrounding Cities

This study discussed one of the cities located in southern Andalusia, focusing on its name and geographical location. The city's name was mentioned using various terms. It is an Andalusian city located south of Cordoba, about thirty to forty miles away. It was part of a region comprising different cities of strategic and historical importance, such as Seville, Al-Zahra, Estija, and others. Additionally, there are mountains surrounding the city, such as Mount Arnich, Mount Shiba, and Mount Aros, which played roles in military and surveillance activities. There is also a connection between the city and other Andalusian cities, as well as the roads linking them

FORCED DEPORTATION OF PEOPLES TO KAZAKHSTAN

The totalitarian system that dominated during the Soviet period forcibly displaced manynationalities and ethnic groups from their historical homeland, causing great damage to their unity andintegrity, cultural and social development, pursuing a policy of ideological arbitrariness (dictatorship).Soviet leaders forcibly deported to the territory of Central Asia, accusing the Crimean people of activecooperation with the German invaders in order to strengthen the central political power. The CrimeanPeninsula was the main tourist center of the USSR and one of the regions of high political importance.This scientific article, written on this basis, presents historical data on the state of the population onthe Crimean Peninsula before the deportation, on the change of names of cities in Crimea, on how theprocess of forced displacement was carried out, based on archival data. The detrimental consequencesof the forced displacement of peoples to the territory of Kazakhstan and the impact on the nationalcomposition of the Kazakh people are analyzed. In the second half of the 20th century, attempts bythe peoples of Crimea to return to their homeland, the socio-economic situation of the population afterresettlement to the territory of Kazakhstan, and their contribution to the modern development of Kazakhstanisociety were considered.During the actual study of the article, archival data were used. Historical scientific methods of analysisand synthesis of scientific data, historical and comparative analysis, classification, systematization,etc. were also used.

Russian World in Yakut Heroic Epic Olonkho

This article evaluates the impact of Russian culture on the Yakut epic, Olonkho. The emergence and evolution of the Russian character in Olonkho are analyzed. Texts from various local traditions and time periods of Olonkho serve as the research material. The study employs a historical poetics approach, showcasing the evolution and changes in the portrayal of the Russian character in Yakut epic texts, considering the territorial and temporal differences in the texts and the individual characteristics of storytellers. It is determined that the semantics of this character transform from “foreign” to “native”. The Russian character in Yakut heroic epic texts initially appears through epic formulas, comparisons, and epithets, manifesting foreignness and alienation. Subsequently, the Russian individual becomes a character participating in the Olonkho plot. A transition from “foreign” to “different,” “other” is observed: intermediary zones (the meeting place of heaven and earth, forests, mountains) start resembling objects belonging to Russians. When Russian material culture aligned with the life and customs of the Yakuts, objects adopted from Russians began resembling parts of the main hero’s (bogatyr) body, vividly demonstrating the incorporation of the Russian character into the category of “ours.” References to certain realities of Orthodox Christianity are also made in Olonkho. Images of Baba Yaga, Zmey Gorynych, the forest spirit, motifs of path selection are borrowed from Russian fairy tales and myths. Russian names, names of Russian cities and places, among others, are mentioned.

Digital visibility and competitive edge: Analyzing the impact of territorial marketing on regional competitiveness

This study explores the relationship between territorial marketing and branding and a country's regional competitiveness and aims to assess the impact of marketing strategies and policies of cities and territories on that regional competitiveness. Two hypotheses are examined. The first hypothesis suggests that improving a city's visibility on the Internet attracts tourists and foreign investors. The second hypothesis highlights the importance of high-quality information content on city websites to enhance competitiveness. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of European countries to evaluate the impact of territorial marketing on competitiveness. This includes correlation analysis of competitiveness indices, analysis of Google Trends search queries to identify city name search trends, and content analysis of city websites to assess marketing quality. The findings reveal that cities with rich historical and cultural attractions are gaining popularity online, consequently increasing their competitiveness in both the tourism and investment sectors.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ НАЗВАНИЙ ГУЗАРОВ БУХАРЫ: СВОЕОБРАЗНАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

This article examines the policy of renaming settlements during the existence of the Soviet Union. The study highlights the main aspects of this policy, including the processes and methods of place name change, as well as its symbolic and practical significance. The article talks about the reasons that prompted the Soviet government to change the names of cities, villages and streets, their connection with national ideology and culture, as well as their impact on the political situation and national priorities.

Kyjev or Kyjiv? Use of Ukrainian City Names in Slovak Media as an Expression of Solidarity

At the time of our study, more than five hundred days had passed since the beginning of the Russian occupation of Ukraine. Given the sufficient time gap and the significant amount of media output, I can thus analyse a unique phenomenon that appeared in the Slovak media shortly after the beginning of the occupation – the appearance of previously unused variants of the names of the cities Kyjev or Kyjiv [Kyiv], Charkov or Charkiv [Kharkiv], and Ľvov or Ľviv [Lviv]. Through a quantitative analysis, we focused on media content across publishing houses N Press (Denník N), Petit Press (SME), OUR MEDIA SR (Pravda) and news portals www.tasr.sk and www.sita.sk. As a follow-up to the performed analysis, I directly confronted representatives of individual media with the findings, including ascertaining the motivations and reasons that led the editors to change, or persistence in using the original names. In the study, I also point out the phenomenon of the emerging language problem, which is already occupying the attention of linguists today.

Artificial Intelligence in Academic Translation: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models and Google Translate

Purpose. The advent of Large Language Model (LLM), a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model, in November 2022 has had a profound impact on various domains, including the field of translation studies. This motivated this study to conduct a rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness and precision of machine translation, represented by Google Translate (GT), in comparison to Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT 3.5 and 4, when translating academic abstracts bidirectionally between English and Arabic. &#x0D; Methods. Employing a mixed-design approach, this study utilizes a corpus comprising 20 abstracts sourced from peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Clarivate Web of Science, specifically the Journal of Arabic Literature and Al-Istihlal Journal. The abstracts are equally divided to represent both English-Arabic and Arabic-English translation directionality. The study’s design is rooted in a comprehensive evaluation rubric adapted from Hurtado Albir and Taylor (2015), focusing on semantic integrity, syntactic coherence, and technical adequacy. Three independent raters carried out assessments of the translation outputs generated by both GT and LLM models. &#x0D; Results. Results from quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that LLM tools significantly outperformed MT outputs in both Arabic and English translation directions. Additionally, ChatGPT 4 demonstrated a significant advantage over ChatGPT 3.5 in Arabic-English translation, while no statistically significant difference was observed in the English-Arabic translation directionality. Qualitative analysis findings indicated that AI tools exhibited the capacity to comprehend contextual nuances, recognize city names, and adapt to the target language's style. Conversely, GT displayed limitations in handling specific contextual aspects and often provided literal translations for certain terms.

Ergonyms of the thematic group “Educational institutions” of Naberezhnye Chelny

INTRODUCTION. At the present stage of studying proper names, a special place is given to urban ergonyms, which form the urban onomasticon. Ergonyms, being an integral part of the appearance of a modern city, reflect not only the lexical and grammatical systems of the language, but also represent scientific value as an additional source of information about the social, cultural and historical situation in a certain territory. The purpose of the study is to describe the ergonymic space of Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, which includes the names of educational institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is the modern names of educational institutions from the official website of the directory of organizations of the city of Nab erezhnye Chelny 2023. The factual material analysis is carried out based on the use of general li nguistic methods (structural and descriptive), as well as the use of elements of the synchronic method and nominative technique analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The main technique for creating new ergonyms is symbolic nomination, which is expressed in nomination using metaphor and metonymy. The emergence of innovative ergonyms in the urban space of Naberezhnye Chelny is mainly associated with the appearance of names in the Tatar language, but with the presence of spellings of words dating back to the English language and Russian words in English transcription. The study of urban ergonoms is carried out in three aspects: analysis of the nominative appearance of a modern city, analysis of thematic groups of urban ergonyms and identification of the peculiarities of the functioning of ergonyms in the speech of modern citizens.CONCLUSION. The names of various children's and youth clubs serve as a certain attribute to attract the target audience. Basically, secondary educational institutions in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny are called by a certain number, but there are a number of specialized institutions that have a name in the Tatar language, indicating the essence of these schools. The city names of additional education institutions for school-aged children reflect Russian names, many of which remain from the Soviet past. Onimization is carried out using metaphorical components in order to expand the semantic structure of the word, its functionality, and the significance of ergonymic vocabulary in communication.

German Chronicle ‘The Theater of Europe’ about the First Stage of the Campaign of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Troops against the Left-Bank Hetmanate in 1663–1664

The article analyzes the testimonies of the fundamental 17th-century German chronicle "The Theater of Europe" ("Theatrum Europaeum") regarding the first stage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s army offence, led by King Jan Casimir, against the Left-Bank Hetmanate in 1663–1664. It briefly outlines the history of this 17th-early – 18th-century fundamental issue, initiated, written and published by an artist Matvii Merian and his team of historians. This chronicle consists of 21 volumes (each contains over 1000 pages) and numerous illustrations, primarily focusing on the military and political history of Europe. It also allocates a certain place to Ukraine. While Ukrainian narratives from the first half to the middle of the 17th century have been previously studied (the article briefly discusses the state of the art), the subsequent period had not been explored. This article presents the first examination of the chronicle’s accounts of the campaign’s history, provides a translation of relevant texts from German, identifies author errors (specifically in using the names of the Ukrainian cities). The article highlights the authors’ distinctive historical perspectives and reveals original reports (such as the capture of Hetman Ivan Brukhovetsky by Polish soldiers). It studies the plot about participation of certain French aristocrats (known from the novels written by Alexandre Dumas father) in the campaign. Despite its brevity, "The Theater of Europe" constitutes important evidence of how knowledge about Ukraine spread in Western Europe.

Crimean realities in F.'s travelogue Remy "Crimea in ethnographic, geographical and historical terms" (1872)

The article is devoted to identifying and structuring realities in the travelogue of the German-speaking traveler Franz Remy, who visited the Crimean peninsula in the 19th century. The features of the realities mentioned in the work of a traveler who visited Crimea in the 19th century are considered. The purpose of the work is to identify, characterize, and establish the features of the realities of Crimea based on the travelogue F. Remy. The relevance of the work is due to both the increased interest in travelogue as a genre, and to the linguocultural aspect of the study of German-speaking travelogues. Of particular interest is how exactly the German-speaking traveler saw Crimea in the 19th century. The methodological basis was the works of S.I. Vlahov, S.P. Florin, L.N. Soboleva, E.R. Ponomareva, A.A. Kretova, N.A. Fenenko. The article clarifies the concepts of “reality” and “travelogue” based on a critical analysis of theoretical sources. A classification of realities is presented. The practical research was based on the material of Franz Remy’s travelogue “Die Krim in ethnographischer, landschaftlicher und hygienischer Beziehung”, published in the 19th century. Particular attention is paid to primary and secondary nominations of the realities of Crimea. The article provides examples of realities from the categories of astyonyms, comonyms, hydronyms, oronyms, urbanonyms, horonyms, highlights personalities, characters for the Crimea of the 19th century, as well as ethnographic realities. The article also discusses the traveler’s use of doublet names of Crimean cities. A conclusion is drawn about which categories of realities were characteristic of the Crimean Peninsula of the 19th century. This article may be of interest to specialists in the field of philology and history.

Development of a Lightweight Model for Handwritten Dataset Recognition: Bangladeshi City Names in Bangla Script

Development of a Lightweight Model for Handwritten Dataset Recognition: Bangladeshi City Names in Bangla Script