City-forming Enterprises Research Articles

Industrial ecosystem entities business success

The sustainable development and success of industrial regions is largely determined by the efficiency of enterprises in the territory, united in ecosystems, often around the city-forming enterprise. The study of industrial ecosystems, their evolution and the interrelations of participants will make it possible to more effectively implement the goals of sustainable development in the territory, ensure a fair distribution of income, well-being and rational environmental management. The purpose of the article is to assess the relation between the development of entities of the industrial ecosystem on the example of the industrial ecosystem of the Magnitogorsk urban district in Russia. The study used data from Rosstat and the Federal Tax Service for 2007-21. The main results of the study are as follows: five groups were identified in the industrial ecosystem (the core of the ecosystem, companies affiliated with the core, customers of the core, suppliers of the core and other beneficiaries from the work of the core and the ecosystem as a whole, “fellow travellers”). The connection between the performance of the ecosystem core and other companies turned out to be statistically significant, especially strong for revenue growth rates. Among individual ecosystem groups, affiliates and core clients experienced the greatest influence of the core, while the connection of the results of the core with suppliers and fellow travellers was weaker. The connection, taking into account the time lag of one year, turned out to be weaker than the year-to-year connection. In general, the results confirm the hypothesis of a strong connection between the stability of the core and other participants in the industrial ecosystem.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ АГЛОМЕРОВАНИХ МІСЬКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНЬ ПРИБЕРЕЖНОЇ ОДЕСЬКОЇ АГЛОМЕРАЦІЇ

Modern cities and their agglomerations are experiencing significant threats related to climate change and its consequences, pandemics, wars, etc. It is difficult for large agglomerations to mitigate the consequences of such challenges in a coordinated manner. The small cities have even fewer resources to effectively respond to threats, which makes them more vulnerable and unstable to new challenges of development. Coastal agglomerations face significant challenges to resilience in the face of internal and external threats. The research purpose is to identify features, opportunities, as well as problems and potential risks of forming the resilience of agglomerated urban settlements of the coastal Odesa agglomeration. The authors' attention was focused on a comparison of the resilience potentials of two types of cities according to their socio-geographical location: coastal (Chornomorsk and Yuzhne) and internal (Biliaivka and Teplodar). The research results were formed on the basis of content analysis of municipal official documents and local mass media from January to May 2023 as well as developing a SWOT analysis determining the problems and prospects of implementing resilience mechanisms in the cities. The different components of resilience potential were analyzed for the selected cities, especially economic, social, and environmental ones. It was revealed that the level of economic and social development of agglomerated settlements in the Odesa agglomeration is uneven. Coastal cities have a higher level of economic and social development due to the presence of the largest seaports in the country. However, the dependence of the urban economy on the activities of few large enterprises does not guarantee economic resilience. At the beginning of the full-scale russian military invasion, these cities felt the greatest vulnerability due to the temporary shutdown of businesses and ports. Yuzhne and Chornomorsk require an increased level of climate change preparedness due to the vulnerability of the sea coast, so rewilding measures can improve their adaptation to climate change and natural events. The active work of local authorities and public involvement, positive migration growth, a high proportion of children and adolescents, transparent support for small businesses, and improved tourist attractiveness are beginning to form the high level for the economic and social resilience of Biliaivka. The potential for economic and social resilience in Teplodar is low due to the significant shortage of jobs and large flows of commuting labor migration to the core city, therefore it is necessary to create attractive conditions for small and medium-sized businesses in various spheres for economic diversification. The creation of an industrial park or business incubator can compensate for the absence of the city-forming enterprise. The deep research of all threats and possible challenges, as well as the integration of urban resilience instruments into official documents based on the cooperation of all stakeholders, should be a further step in the introduction of economic, social, and environmental resilience in urban management process for the cities of the coastal Odesa agglomeration.

Evaluating the regulatory impact of control on the investment attractiveness of city-forming enterprises in mono-profile municipalities

Evaluating the regulatory impact of control on the investment attractiveness of city-forming enterprises in mono-profile municipalities

Arctic Single-Industry City: The Population’s Perception of Their Future in the Prospects for its Development

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the strategic necessity of consolidating human capital in the Arctic territories, which determines the importance of a deeper study of the connection between the life strategies of the population and the local problems of monotowns, as hard points for the formation of the economic space of the Arctic. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for the formation of migration attitudes of the population of the monotown. Materials and Methods. The information basis of the study was the data of official statistics and the results of a questionnaire based survey of the population of Kostomuksha district, conducted in the fall of 2021. The participants of the survey were representatives of the population permanently residing in the district, aged 15‒74. The average age of the respondents was 44.9. The sample size was 697 people. The analysis was conducted using the SPSS software. The final conclusions were based on a combination of methods of spatial economics, the theory of sustainable development and the dialectical approach. Results. Environmental features were identified by way of comparing the data of sociological survey of the population (town’s problems, satisfaction with different aspects of life), the results of previous studies and expeditions of the authors and the data of official statistics. The severity and features of the migration attitudes of the population were established, the social portrait of the migration-prone part of the population was examined. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the correlation between the environmental features of the territory and the results of the migration attitudes analysis, conclusions were made concerning the competitiveness of Kostomuksha district in terms of reproduction of its human capital and social sustainability, sustainable and favorable ecological conditions, supported in part by the stable operation of the city-forming enterprise, as well as general protection of the population from crime. Measures were proposed for the transition to an expanded quality of human capital reproduction. The results of the study and the identified threats to local social stability make it possible to form an analytical basis for their timely elimination, and, in a broader context, are of practical importance for managing the development of the Russian Arctic economic space at all levels of administrative regulation. The findings will form the basis of analytical materials addressed to the subjects of state and municipal government.

Местное самоуправление как фактор сохранения и развития малого города

The authors of the article proceed from the fact that the spatial development of Russia faces problems related to the functioning of local government, which are not only preserved, but also reproduced, and the ongoing reforms of local self-government have not led to a balance of central and local authorities. The authors focus on the problems of local self-government in small towns of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (Balakhna and Zavolzhye). The article notes the fundamental importance of an expert assessment of the current model of local self-government as a form of self-organization of the daily life of citizens in cities located near regional centers and preserved city-forming enterprises. According to the authors, the choice imposed by large capital between the development of agglomerations and the degradation of small towns is unacceptable for society. Based on statistical and sociological data, the authors defend the position of the need for a comprehensive study of the consequences of their inclusion in the Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration, drawing attention to the fact that a critical approach clearly prevails in the expert assessment of the situation in Balakhna and Zavolzhye. The authors point out that the insufficient effectiveness of the LSG bodies and the weakness of their human resources is aggravated by the disappointment of a significant part of the population in the results of the transformations of recent years. It generates a lack of necessary motivation, which blocks social activity necessary for the modernization of territories and, in particular, for the preservation and development of small towns.

Territory and objects of the plant named after M.V. Frunze in the context of urban environment development in Penza

The objects located on the territory of the city-forming enterprise Frunze Plant (ZIF), built in the pre-revolutionary period of 1914-1916, are considered. These objects are of interest for the preservation and continuity of the historical architectural environment in the conditions of modern development. Based on field surveys and archival materials, the water tower of the engineer P.L. Pasternak system and a fragment of a production shop are considered as one of the first examples of the use of monolithic reinforced concrete in Russia and in order to preserve identity in the context of urban development.

Historical Experience in Development of Cultural and Educational Institutions in New Cities of Buryatia in 1950s—1980s

The features of the formation and development of cultural and educational institutions in the new urban settlements of Buryatia in the 1950s—1980s are discussed in the article. On the basis of previously unpublished archival documents, journalistic texts and private sources, the main activities of state and departmental clubs and houses of culture, theater associations, libraries, and museums have been reconstructed. The problems of material and technical support and staffing of cultural institutions are considered; the specifics of the formation of amateur creative teams in the conditions of areas of new economic development are revealed. It is noted that the main trends in the cultural development of Soviet cities were determined by the state, but it was looking for new ways to regulate cultural policy. The authors come to the conclusion that the concentration of young people from different parts of the country in new towns favorably influenced the formation of the cultural environment and contributed to the emergence of various forms and directions of cultural — educational and mass cultural work. It is shown that the cultural life of new cities was provided by amateur art groups. It is noted that the transition of local groups from the amateur to the professional level slowed down due to the material dependence of cultural institutions on the city-forming enterprises, whose departmental interests they were called upon to serve.

Российские моногорода в условиях макроэкономической нестабильности и действия системных рисков

This article presents the views on solving the current problems of Russian single-industry towns in the context of macroeconomic instability. The historical and economic aspects of the emergence of factory cities in tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, the role of the phenomenon of single-industry towns in the development of the domestic material and technological base are investigated. It is indicated that the peak of the development of the single-industry model of management occurred during the existence of the planned economy in the USSR, but in the modern market model, the functioning of single-industry towns turned into a tangible state problem due to the under-fulfillment of social functions by city-forming enterprises. The most significant systemic (natural) and non-systemic (accidental) risks affecting the functioning of single-industry towns in modern conditions and contributing to their extinction are considered. The applied aspect of the article is that its conclusions can be used by public authorities in drawing up programs for regional development and reform of single-industry settlements.

ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ДЛЯ ГАРАНТИРОВАНИЯ КОМФОРТНОГО ПРОЖИВАНИЯ

The relevance of the research topic lies in the obvious need to address the issue of uniform settlement of people across the territory of Russia. This problem is not new, since there are and are being implemented various state programs related to the provision of preferences to citizens and organizations for settling the Far East and other territories remote from the center of the country, there are special economic zones, etc. Nevertheless, the bulk of the population continues to remain in large cities, which have become such largely due to the proximity of state power and, accordingly, officials with whom it is necessary to constantly maintain various kinds of relationships and often just personal contact. With the development of various aspects of entrepreneurial activity, including with the participation of large businesses, this paradigm must change. This study analyzes the legal framework for the implementation of this kind of activity. The purpose of this study is to consider the legal framework for the implementation of demographic policy in terms of the rational distribution of the population across the territory of Russia to create comfortable living conditions for citizens. The achievement of the designated goal is the development of proposals for the transformation of legal regulation and the practice of its application to intensify the uniform settlement of the country's inhabitants. For the preparation of this work, general philosophical, general scientific and private law methods of scientific research were used. The result of the work done is a number of proposals for the law-making and organizational nature of the use of special legal regimes in certain territories and the actualization of the practice of single-industry towns that are formed around the city-forming enterprises and similar industries. Output. It seems necessary to streamline the normative legal regulation of issues related to the establishment of special regimes in certain areas, by adopting a "territorial code" or another document similar to it. It is necessary to partially transform the current legislation in the area under consideration and systematize the organization of its implementation.

Single-industry town: Assessing the activity of town-forming enterprise

Subject. The article considers performance indicators of a city–forming enterprise (absolute indicators, like revenue, cost of sales, net profit; relative indicators, like coefficients of autonomy, current liquidity, return on sales, assets, equity) and the level of socio-economic development of a single-industry town (demographic indicators, housing and communal services, investment activity). Objectives. The purpose is to analyze and evaluate the activities of a city-forming enterprise, its production and technological linkages and their impact on socio-economic development of the entire monotown. The paper considers the cases of Kamensk-Uralsky and Polevskoy monotowns and their town-forming enterprises. Methods. We employ methods of theoretical, statistical, financial and economic analysis. Results. We assessed the indicators of the monotowns’ socio-economic condition. In both cases, on the one hand, there are negative trends in population decline, the investment policy is underdeveloped. On the other hand, the construction of housing stock is expanding. There are production and technological linkages between the major employers of the monotowns under study. However, both of them are characterized by low efficiency of production and economic activity. Conclusions. The interaction of town-forming enterprises along production and technological chains, affiliation with larger institutional entities, like strategic unions, associations, corporations, etc., do not guarantee effective development of either the town-forming enterprise or the single-industry town as a whole. A better targeted support from municipal, regional, and federal government agencies, and attracting private investment are required.

Resource efficiency of metallurgical production

The balanced development of the world community in the next decade implies achievement of sustainable development goals by increasing the efficiency of resources utilization in the economic, social and environmental spheres of human activity. Within the framework of globalization processes, which inevitably affect the national economic, social and environmental agenda, the last two spheres are becoming increasingly important. The main measures of the state national policy of the Russian Federation are aimed at solving social and economic problems that ensure realization of the right of every person to a favorable environment. Timely solution of the problems of social and environmental well-being, as indicators of the life quality of population, is a priority task of the state authorities of the regions together with the top management of city-forming enterprises that bear major social and environmental burden. Increase in the resources utilization efficiency is of particular importance in regions with a dominant location of metallurgical production. Atmosphere and water pollution, a high level of occupational morbidity and injuries caused by equipment wear and safety violations at production facilities, the prevalence of mortality over births, an intensive migration outflow of the population, depreciation of engineering infrastructure with simultaneously growing industrial output reflect the imbalance in situation of the metallurgical region, delay its sustainable development. The conducted scientific research made it possible to develop a system of indicators for assessing the resource efficiency of metallurgical production with their grouping by development components. It makes possible for the management to evaluate the contribution of each set of components to the resulting value, propose measures and guidelines for optimizing coefficients, identify business competitiveness growth factors, determine investment targets, and also demonstrate to the world community the transformation of production and economic activities of companies in accordance with global trends in resource conservation and sustainability.

Prospects for development of mining monoprofile municipal entities of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the development of measures for complex support of monoprofile municipal entities. These measures have aimes to improve their socio-economic situation. The topicality of the study is that in many mining monoprofile municipal entities (MME) there are socio-economic problems the solution of which affects the life quality of their 1.26 million residents and the performance of 41 out of 58 mines of the country. The authors used decomposition of city-forming enterprises of MME of the Russian Federation and depending on the type of their economic activity worked out special measures on developing mining MME grouped according to three directions. The article presents the results of analysis of the socio-economic situation in mining MME of the Russian Federation. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the data about the quality indicators of the town environment, the number of residents, average unemployment rate, average number of employees of city-forming enterprises and the number of employees to be dismissed. The authors present the results of financial analysis of the city-forming enterprises involved in underground coal mining. The results of the analysis provided the opportunity to give recommendations on the possible directions for development of mining MME and suggest the measures for improving their socio-economic situation. The measures take into account social, natural-geographical and financial-economic aspects of development of such municipal entities.

Research and Monitoring Center "Labor Conflicts", Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions

This article examines the role of social policy of a city-forming enterprise within the framework of public organizations, city and its residents. When studying the issues of external social policy, the authors analyzed the works by A. Kostin and A.B. Karimov, who considered the social policy of the enterprise as care not only for the enterprise employees, but also for the population of the region, as companies’ investments and activities for the social development of their own personnel, charitable projects of local and federal significance for the needy segments of the population, as well as in various fields of education, culture, and sports. The enterprise's social policy should meet not only the needs of workers who are employed in this organization. If the company's policy is sufficiently developed, it is more likely to find a source of funding represented by sponsors. This allows the enterprise, as well as its internal and external social policy, which meets the interests of employees, society, the city and its residents, to further progress. Therefore, the social policy of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK) is diverse: providing assistance and medical care for the city and its residents, maintaining a healthy lifestyle among citizens living in Magnitogorsk, providing social support for pensioners and disabled people, holding cultural events, supporting public non-profit charitable organizations, providing support to small and medium-sized businesses, preparing pregnant women for future motherhood, helping students in practical training, participating in social projects and charity. Every year, the dynamics of the MMK investments in social policy increases, which allows the company to be competitive in the economic labor market and always be in demand. Thus, enterprises should develop not only an internal social policy, but also an external one for further prosperity of the organization.

PROFESSIONAL CAREER, SUCCESS AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE VALUE SYSTEM OF REGIONAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (BASED ON THE SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY MATERIALS)

The relevance of studying the ideas of the regional university students about professional success, career, and the role of education is due to the fact that the choice of professional journey, building a future career in the educational process among modern students remains rather low. At the same time, the problem of personnel outflow in the regions of Russia is regularly discussed at all levels of government bodies and in the scientific community. The purpose of this article is to study the ideas of modern students of a regional university about professional success, career and education. The authors suggest that the research data can help clarify the ideas about the value orientations of modern student youth, study various aspects related to the career of young people, and contribute to the construction of career strategies for young people. Since it is young people who play the main role in the professional reproduction of society, the study of the career strategies of young people can make it possible to develop career guidance work at school and university. The given article considers some questions of the survey conducted in November - December 2020. 111 students of humanities field, 65 – natural science field and 80 – technical field were interviewed. Selection criteria were faculty (humanitarian and technical) and course (3-4 courses of bachelor's degree). The research was carried out by the method of group questioning in classrooms. The survey involved young men (41.8%) and girls (58.2%), aged 18-19 (10.9%); 20-21 years old (82.8%); 22 years and older – 6.3% of respondents. We were interested in the question of the motives for choosing a profession by students. Having analyzed the motives, we were able to identify those factors that influence the choice of a particular profession by applicants. Overall, the results turned out to be quite predictable: in the first place were good wages, well-being (58.6%); personal inclinations, abilities (53.5%); demand in the labor market (39.1%) and career opportunities (39.1%). It is also worth noting that some respondents indicated their ideas about professional activity as a mission in society as a determining factor. One of the questions asked the respondents to express their opinion about such an instrument of success as having a higher education. 44.1% of respondents do not consider having higher education a guarantee of success in life. Most likely, there is an understanding in Russian society that other components are also needed to achieve success. One cannot but agree with a number of researchers who believe that “... a career is perceived by students in a vague and rather broad sense of the word.” This thesis is confirmed by the data of the question “What, in your opinion, is most important in assessing the work?” Income is the most important for respondents when assessing work, this opinion is shared by 69.5% of respondents, for 51.6% – good working conditions (safety, cleanliness, convenient schedule, etc.), professional self-realization (the opportunity to show one's abilities, business qualities) – 44.9%, career growth – 41.0% of students. The choice of respondents is predictable, there are slight differences in the areas of study. To the open-ended question “What does it mean to be a successful person in the professional environment that you have chosen?” the respondents in their answers put the criterion of achievement in the first place, the most often in their answers were: “recognition, help people, having feedback”, “authority”, “know your business 100%”; in second place was the level of wages; further – the position held: “to hold senior positions and do their job perfectly”; then comes the career advancement “to climb well up the career ladder, to have a good command of the relevant competence”, and career mobility “permanent business trips abroad”. The study showed that for the respondents, career growth means activities in the form of achievements, for example, “... do their job well” (students of the humanities), “self-realization in the professional sphere” (students of natural sciences), "the opportunity to show their professional skills" (technical students). So, a modern employer is interested in highly qualified specialists, therefore, today higher educational institutions are faced with the task of professional training of graduates in accordance with those competencies that will not only correspond to the labor market, but even outstrip the requirements of the market. The conducted survey allows us to investigate the perceptions of respondents at a given time stage. The result of such a study can be designed career guidance work, starting with school, with the involvement of employers of city-forming enterprises and the administration of universities.

Гигиеническая оценка канцерогенного риска здоровью населения, ассоциированного с загрязнением депонирующих сред тяжелыми металлами

In nature there are depositing media which are relatively stable macrosystems. Their contamination that occurs due to long-term exposure to contaminants influences population health and this is especially vital for urbanized territories with large city-forming enterprises. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of carcinogenic risks for population health under exposure to heavy metals contained in depositing media. We analyzed long-term data on contents of heavy metals in such accumulating media as soils and foods collected in 2005–2018. The data were taken from the reports on social and hygienic monitoring and statistical reports provided by the Orenburg Regional Office of the Federal State Statistics Service. Carcinogenic risks were assessed in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. We used data provided by the territorial section of the National Cancer Registry to analyze prevalence of oncologic diseases of the digestive organs. We performed correlation analysis to examine correlations between the analyzed factors. The total carcinogenic risk under multi-route introduction of heavy metals from such depositing media as soils and foods has turned out to be unacceptable and amounts to 1.5E-04. The total population carcinogenic risk caused by exposure to heavy metals can reach 85 additional cases of malignant neoplasms over an averaged exposure period which is equal to 70 years. Heavy metals were detected in soils, nickel, cadmium, and chromium VI included, that produced statistically authentic effects on occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs. We established an authentic correlation between developing malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs and concentrations of arsenic in foods. We didn’t detect any heavy metals with carcinogenic properties in such accumulating media as soils and foods in concentrations deviating from hygienic standards. But still, it doesn’t mean there is no negative influence on population health, notably long-term effects and developing malignant neoplasms.

Hygienic assessment of carcinogenic health risks associated with contamination of depositing media with heavy metals

In nature there are depositing media which are relatively stable macrosystems. Their contamination that occurs due to long-term exposure to contaminants influences population health and this is especially vital for urbanized territories with large city-forming enterprises. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of carcinogenic risks for population health under exposure to heavy metals contained in depositing media. We analyzed long-term data on contents of heavy metals in such accumulating media as soils and foods collected in 2005–2018. The data were taken from the reports on social and hygienic monitoring and statistical reports provided by the Orenburg Regional Office of the Federal State Statistics Service. Carcinogenic risks were assessed in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. We used data provided by the territorial section of the National Cancer Registry to analyze prevalence of oncologic diseases of the digestive organs. We performed correlation analysis to examine correlations between the analyzed factors. The total carcinogenic risk under multi-route introduction of heavy metals from such depositing media as soils and foods has turned out to be unacceptable and amounts to 1.5E-04. The total population carcinogenic risk caused by exposure to heavy metals can reach 85 additional cases of malignant neoplasms over an averaged exposure period which is equal to 70 years. Heavy metals were detected in soils, nickel, cadmium, and chromium VI included, that produced statistically authentic effects on occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs. We established an authentic correlation between developing malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs and concentrations of arsenic in foods. We didn’t detect any heavy metals with carcinogenic properties in such accumulating media as soils and foods in concentrations deviating from hygienic standards. But still, it doesn’t mean there is no negative influence on population health, notably long-term effects and developing malignant neoplasms.

Diversification of defence industry complex and directions of production facilities transformation

The diversification of the defence industry at the backbone and city-forming enterprises of the complex will directly affect the diversification of single-industry towns, the production facilities transformation of the complex and real estate of single-industry towns. The prospects for the development of the city-forming enterprises of the defence industry and related single-industry towns in the context of a decrease in the state defence order seem unfavorable. The diversification of defence industry complex will affect the formation of a high-quality living environment in a single-industry town.The article considers three alternative solutions to the state and status of these objects – their reconstruction, transformation or possible liquidation. It is noted, that it is possible to solve the urgent task of improving the energy efficiency of buildings through the use of both technical and architectural means during the reconstruction of the industrial complex of the defense industry and real estate of a single-industry town.

The logic of public expectations and the practice of political participation of business within a monocity

The features of a monocity as a city with a single-industry economy and a city-forming enterprise leave its mark on political and social processes taking place within it. This article looks into the effects of this context on the strategies of social and political activity of city-forming enterprises. The city-forming business often shows such social responsibility that the city community sees as its ethical obligation, while the directorate as voluntary practices of the company in relation to the community undertaken beyond the obligations of the company as an employer and taxpayer. City-forming enterprises often delegate their representatives to local governments and they are involved in the formation and implementation of the city policy. This paper presents the results of studying local social and political processes in six single-industry towns within three Ural regions. The forms of participation in politics and management chosen by city-forming enterprises are determined. It is shown how public expectations regarding such political involvement of the city-forming businesses create incentives or barriers for the political and electoral activity of these companies

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ И ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ МОНОГОРОДОВ УРАЛЬСКОГО МАКРОРЕГИОНА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИХ РАЗВИТИЯ: МНЕНИЕ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ

The study presents an analysis of a sociological survey of the population of 9 single-industry towns of the Ural macroregion. 4 settlements in the Sverdlovsk region (the city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma, the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, the village of Malysheva, the city of Polevskoy), 3 — in the Chelyabinsk region (the city of Zlatoust, the city of Satka, the city of Chebarkul), 1 — in the Perm krai (Chusovoi town), 1 — in the Tyumen region (Uray town). Questions of the questionnaire concern the socio-economic and demographic state of single-industry towns. The results of the study show that there is still a high economic dependence of single-industry towns on their city-forming enterprises in particular and on the state as a whole. At the same time, respondents note the degradation of city-forming enterprises, which is accompanied by a part of still unresolved problems - a shortage of personnel, a decrease in demand for enterprises' products, low wages, job cuts, etc. The authors of the study believe that existing problems and development risks can only be resolved by providing single-industry towns of greater financial independence. It is necessary to implement this approach with the simultaneous development of small and medium-sized forms of entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector, since they allow the gradual diversification of the urban economy.

Priority social and economic development areas as an economic development tool for the Siberian mono-settlements

The article is discussing the Priority Social and Economic Development Areas (PSEDAs) which are formed in the Siberian part of the Russian Federation (Siberian Federal District and the Baikal region). One of the goals for the PSEDAs formation is the diversification of mono-specialized towns and the reduction of their reliance on the city-forming enterprises. A typology of mono-settlements was carried out and the areas of activity that receive support within the framework of this mechanism in Siberia were presented.