Development Of Cities In China Research Articles

Development strategy research of low-carbon tourist city

Construction of low-carbon tourist city has become a strategic choice for the development of city construction in our country, becoming the direction and goal of future city development in China. In this paper, the development strategy of low-carbon tourist city is put forward from the aspects of building low-carbon tourism culture, strengthening and perfecting the relevant rules and regulations, establishing and perfecting the decision-making management mechanism of low-carbon tourist city construction, establishing accurate, timely, efficient and comprehensive ecological environment monitoring and supervision network, building economical resource utilization system, strengthening science and technology supporting of low-carbon city construction, establishing low-carbon tourism scenic spot, low-carbon community or low-carbon demonstration area, etc.

Study on the Theory of the Smart City

Along with the development of city, problems and challenges of city environment, city resources and city management and other aspects are increasingly prominent and severe. Low carbon transformation of wisdom city has become a strategic mode of city development in china. In some places there are still the concepts of speculation and blindly push phenomenon in management and economy are faced with uncertainty and risk. At present our country city in the running process has exist "system failure" phenomenon. The reason is that the interactive relationship between the complexity of the operational mechanism of urban system, internal evolution and functioning mechanism as well as the groups lack of scientific analysis and certification. Therefore, it is particularly important on a thorough study of city system complexity, impact factor and interaction and symbiosis mechanism, constructing a theoretical framework.

Quantitative Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of Smart Low-Carbon City Development in China

With the development of new generation technology and the low-carbon economy, the smart low-carbon city has become one of the academic hotspots. Many studies on it have begun; however, the dynamic mechanism is rarely involved. Therefore, this paper uses the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to creatively take a quantitative study on a Chinese smart low-carbon city’s dynamic mechanism. The results show that: (1) the three main dynamics of smart low-carbon city development in China are institutional and cultural conditions, facilities and functions conditions and economy and industry conditions, but the overall utility is relatively low; (2) the level of the dynamic operation mechanism of the Chinese smart low-carbon city is distinct between regions, indicating a diminishing spatial law from east to west and differences within regions; (3) the imbalance of the comprehensive dynamic mechanism and the operation status between smart low-carbon cities is prominent, showing a decreasing urban scale law of from big to small and differences within each scale, and a descending administration hierarchy law from high to low and differences within each class; (4) seven basic development patterns can be obtained, and most of the cities belong to the external strong/internal weak mode, which basically matches with its development realities. Finally, general policy recommendations and countermeasures of optimization and improvement are proposed.

An overview of smart city in China

The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases (traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.

Eco city development in China: addressing the policy implementation challenge

Over the last few decades, China has seen a steep rise in diverse eco city and low carbon city policies. Recently, attention has begun to focus on the perceived shortcomings in the practical delivery of related initiatives, with several publications suggesting a gap between ambitious policy goals and the emerging realities of the newly built environment. To probe this further, in this article we examine – based on the policy network approach – how the gap between high-level national policies and local practice implementation can be explained in the current Chinese context. We develop a four-pronged typology of eco city projects based on differential involvement of key (policy) actor groups, followed by a mapping of what are salient policy network relations among these actors in each type. Our analysis suggests that, within the overall framework of national policy, a core axis in the network relations is that between local government and land developers. In some cases, central government agencies – often with buy-in from international architecture, engineering and consulting firms – seek to influence local government planning through various incentives aimed at rendering sustainability a serious consideration. However, this is mostly done in a top-down manner, which overemphasizes a rational, technocratic planning mode while underemphasizing interrelationships among actors. This makes the emergence of a substantial implementation gap in eco city practice an almost predictable outcome. Consequently, we argue that special attention be paid in particular to the close interdependency between the interests of local government actors and those of land and real estate developers. Factoring in this aspect of the policy network is essential if eco city implementation is to gain proper traction on the ground.

The Performance of the Smart Cities in China—A Comparative Study by Means of Self-Organizing Maps and Social Networks Analysis

Smart cities link the city services, citizens, resource and infrastructures together and form the heart of the modern society. As a “smart” ecosystem, smart cities focus on sustainable growth, efficiency, productivity and environmentally friendly development. By comparing with the European Union, North America and other countries, smart cities in China are still in the preliminary stage. This study offers a comparative analysis of ten smart cities in China on the basis of an extensive database covering two time periods: 2005–2007 and 2008–2010. The unsupervised computational neural network self-organizing map (SOM) analysis is adopted to map out the various cities based on their performance. The demonstration effect and mutual influences between these ten smart cities are also discussed by using social network analysis. Based on the smart city performance and cluster network, current problems for smart city development in China were pointed out. Future research directions for smart city research are discussed at the end this paper.

Environment Problems of City Development in China

Environmental issues in the process of rapid urbanization are critical to the sustainability of China. Compact cities, characterized by relative high density, mixed land-use and pedestrian-oriented habitation, have been proposed as one solution for sustainable urban planning. However, given the fact that Chinese cities are characterized by high population densities, the applicability of a more compact solution to expanding cities in China remains questionable. Essential to the decision-making is a deeper understanding about the relationship between urban compactness and the sustainable environment of the cities. This study is proposed for an evaluation about the urbanization and urban development in China’s context from environmental perspective, especially with respect to atmospheric environment, water resources, waste pollution, and noise problems.

Policies and Practices of Low Carbon City Development in China

Globally as well as in China, cities have contributed to most of the economic output and have accordingly given rise to most CO2 emissions. In particular, given unprecedented urbanization, cities will play an even greater role in shaping energy demand and CO2 emissions. Therefore, cities are the key to meeting its proposed carbon intensity target in 2020 and whatever climate commitments beyond 2020 that China may take. Given the paramount importance of cities, China is practicing low carbon city (LCC) development. Against this background, this paper first summarizes the general situation and main characteristics of China’s LCC development. The paper then identifies eight problems and challenges for China’s LCC development including the absence of sound carbon accounting systems, lack of low-carbon specific evaluation system, rare use of market-based instruments, insufficient government-enterprise interactions, excessive budget dependence on land concession, increasing difficulty in further carbon mitigation, inevitable emissions growth due to rising living standards, and coal-dominant energy structure in the foreseeable future. Since these challenges are not applied to one or few cities, but are to all cities across the country, finally, the paper discusses how governments, in particular the central government, should address these problems and challenges. Given that China has faced great difficulty ensuring that local governments act in accordance with centrally-directed policies, the paper in particular discusses ways to incentivize local governments not to focus on economic growth alone and to move away from a heavy reliance on land concession. The paper ends with emphasizing on putting a price on carbon a crucial step for China’s endeavor of harnessing the market forces to reduce its energy consumption and carbon emissions and genuinely transiting into a low-carbon economy.

Policies and Practices of Low Carbon City Development in China

Globally as well as in China, cities have contributed to most of economic output and have accordingly given rise to most of CO2 emissions. In particular, given unprecedented urbanization, cities will play an even greater role in shaping energy demand and CO2 emissions. Therefore, cities are the key to meeting its proposed carbon intensity target in 2020 and whatever climate commitments beyond 2020 that China may take. Given the paramount importance of cities, China is practicing low carbon city (LCC) development. Against this background, this paper first summarizes the general situation and main characteristics of China's LCC development. The paper then indentifies eight problems and challenges for China's LCC development including the absence of sound carbon accounting systems, lack of low-carbon specific evaluation system, rare use of market-based instruments, insufficient government-enterprise interactions, excessive budget dependence on land concession, increasing difficulty in further carbon mitigation, inevitable emissions growth due to rising living standards, and coal-dominant energy structure in the foreseeable future. Since these challenges are not applied to one or few cities, but are to all cities across the country, finally, the paper discusses how governments, in particular the central government, should address these problems and challenges. Given that China has faced great difficulty ensuring that local governments act in accordance with centrally-directed policies, the paper in particular discusses ways to incentivize local governments not to focus on economic growth alone and to move away from a heavy reliance on land concession. The paper ends with emphasizing on putting a price on carbon a crucial step for China's endeavor of harnessing the market forces to reduce its energy consumption and carbon emissions and genuinely transiting into a low-carbon economy.

Composite Ecological Effect of Ocean Development and Improvement Measure of Coastal Cities' Human Settlements

Ocean environmental protection and coastal human settlements improvement have always been the important problems in the ocean development of coastal cities in China. The composite ecological effect of ocean development are complex, and have great impacts on ocean productivity and human settlements and human health, etc. After examining the urban planning model and marine pollution data of coastal cities in China, two typical urban planning model which named bay-oriented model and mainland-island model are faced with challenges of ecological degradation. The improvement measures of coastal cities' human settlements are the following that, first, transform the end control to the monitor and control of the key links of ecological environment. Second, transform the artificial landscape of the coast to reconstruction of nature-approximating ecological environment. Third, transform the separate management of land and ocean to land-ocean coordinated governance.

China's art of institutional bricolage: Selectiveness and gradualism in the policy transfer style of a nation

What distinguishes the Chinese practice of transferring policy ideas and institutions from examples observed elsewhere in the world can be described in two words: gradualism and eclecticism. In contradistinction to other (Post) Communist countries, actors operating in the Chinese political and socio-economic systems were not so taken aback by developments in 1989 that these completed collapsed. Nor were they overhauled in rigorous ways so as to realize a brand new start in which Communist and authoritarian remnants of the past were to be completely effaced. Rather did policy makers keenly observe developments and spot promising examples elsewhere in the world to draw lessons from. These were then reassembled onto existing institutional frameworks. In this article, it is claimed that this cautious and selective approach reflects a more generic Chinese tradition of institutional bricolage. This tradition of cobbling together various foreign and domestic policy ideas in modular fashion is illustrated with the modern day example of eco city development in China.

Discussion on Basic Modes of CBD Construction in Regional Central Cities in China – A Case Study of Chengdu

This paper starts from the analysis of CBD concept, characteristics and impact on habitat environment to study and learn successful experience of CBD at home and abroad, aims at the related basic conditions of Chengdu, a regional central city to engage in discussion about Chengdu CBD building from the development positioning, planning concepts , transportation, construction, comprehensive facilities, landscape, human environment and other aspects so as to explore a CBD building path suitable for development of regional central cities in China.

Extracting the dynamics of urban expansion in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008

Timely and accurate information about the dynamics of urban expansion is vital to reveal the relationships between urban expansion and the ecosystem, to optimize land use patterns, and to promote the effective development of cities in China. Nighttime stable light data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Line-scan System (DMSP-OLS) Nighttime Lights Time Series dataset provide a new source of information that can quickly reveal the dynamics of urban expansion. However, the DMSP-OLS sensor has no on-board calibration, which makes it difficult to directly compare time series data from multiple satellites. This study developed a new method for systematically correcting multi-year multi-satellite nighttime stable lights data and rapidly extracting the dynamics of urban expansion based on this corrected data for China from 1992 to 2008. The results revealed that the proposed method effectively reduced abnormal discrepancy within the nighttime stable light data and improved continuity and comparability. The dynamics of urban expansion in China from 1992 to 2008 were extracted with an average overall accuracy of 82.74% and an average Kappa of 0.40.

Development of low-carbon city in China: Where will it go?

Abstract It is undoubted that low-carbon city has become a vital development trend for Chinese cities in the new century. Many Chinese cities have been devoted to the upsurge of low-carbon city construction in recent years. Focusing on these problems - What measures has been adopted to construct low-carbon city in China? How is the effect of low-carbon city construction? Are there some issues needing attention in the future - this paper summarizes the situation of low-carbon city development in China and clarifies a few viewpoints that need be paid attention to in the subsequent development. It is expected that the discussion in this paper can help promote the construction of low-carbon city in China.

Study of the Paper Consumption Pattern Based on the Low-Carbon Development of Cities in China

With the widespread use of paper and paper products in China especially in cities, the subsequent negative impact becomes apparent. In the course of paper production and processing, resources and energy are consumed, with large amounts of carbon dioxide emitted, which greatly affects the low-carbon development of cities. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of current way of paper consumption among urban residents in China, the consumption pattern of paper and paper products based on the low-carbon development of cities is put forward.

Research on Cultural Construction of City Ecology

Along with the rapid development of cities in China, The problems of urban ecological culture construction attract more and more attention. The ideas of construction of the urban ecological culture was put forward through the study of urban ecological culture connotation, which namely around a mainline, through two ways, pay attention to the three dimensions, reach four goals. It was expected to promote the city's healthy development, to reach “better city, better life”.With the rapid development of economy nowadays, a significant change of china is the transformation of traditional agricultural society to urban society. Cities of China are becoming the strategic center of economy, politics, culture, and social development. In order to achieve the goal of “better city, better life”, we must face a new topic: How to protect ecological culture construction of urban?

Evaluation of plan implementation in the transitional China: A case of Guangzhou city master plan

Evaluation of plan implementation is very complex, and empirical study is scarce due to the methodological difficulties. Over the last two decades, there has been a great deal of urban planning activities and rapid city development in China, but there is a lack of evaluation of plan implementation. This research aims to help bridge this gap, and it explores to what extent a plan has been implemented and what factors have affected plan implementation, taking the Guangzhou city master plan as a case study. It adopts the grid overlay method and compares the land use plan and actual land use to obtain the result of accordance, deviation and unfulfilment. The discrepancy between the land use plan and actual land development is examined based on both land use type and the spatial planning management unit. By analyzing several cases at the site development control plan level, this paper explores why the land development is not consistent with the land use plan.

Application of AHP in Decision-Making on Urban Land Use: A Case Study of Chao-Hu City Development in China

There are four directions for developing the proposed areas of Chaohu City in China and it is considered significant to prioritise the development choice among the four proposed directions or plans. This paper is an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in deciding the urban land use development of Chaohu City. We first analyse a variety of factors related to decision of land use, then set up a strategic decision model of hierarchy multi-level and multi-object, and further obtain quantitative results through an analog operation by means of a computer. Finally, based upon the total ordering of levels, decide on the best one from the four projects.

Land Use Induction in Surrounding Rural Area of Large-scale City Development in China

Land Use Induction in Surrounding Rural Area of Large-scale City Development in China

On development of large cities in China

The large cities in China have grown rapidly during the past 40 years. By the end of 1990, there were 59 large cities with a population of 0.5 million or more in the mainland China, of which 31 cities have a population of more than 1 million. Under the situation of controlling and developing, the characteristics of the large city grooth may be generalized as follows: 1. Large cities have developed rapidly, but their proportion of number and population in the whole national urban system has droppe. 2. The proportion of coastal large cities some what dropped, the inland large cities increased rapidly. 3. Most of the provincial capitals have developed into large cities. Due to the concentration of Industry and population to the cities, especially to the large cities, the cities scales are expanding and the urban problems are strenghtened. The economic efficiency in large cities is decreasing, the problems in infrastructure construction are becoming more and more serious. The coming 10 to 20 years are an important period for large city development in China. With the social and economic development, the large city growth will continue. The urbann agglomerations-taking the extra-large and medium-sized cities as their centres will come into being in China. the Industries such as finance, trade, information and real estate will increase greatly and will form the major part of urban area, with the restructuring of industries in metropolitan regions.