Composite Ecological Effect of Ocean Development and Improvement Measure of Coastal Cities' Human Settlements

Abstract

Ocean environmental protection and coastal human settlements improvement have always been the important problems in the ocean development of coastal cities in China. The composite ecological effect of ocean development are complex, and have great impacts on ocean productivity and human settlements and human health, etc. After examining the urban planning model and marine pollution data of coastal cities in China, two typical urban planning model which named bay-oriented model and mainland-island model are faced with challenges of ecological degradation. The improvement measures of coastal cities' human settlements are the following that, first, transform the end control to the monitor and control of the key links of ecological environment. Second, transform the artificial landscape of the coast to reconstruction of nature-approximating ecological environment. Third, transform the separate management of land and ocean to land-ocean coordinated governance.