Erzurum City Center Research Articles

An Investigation of the Risk Factors and Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Eastern Region of Turkey: A Population Based Door-to-Door Survey

The relationships between the prevalence of AD, socio-demographic characteristics, and other chronic diseases were researched within the population aged 65 and over living in Erzurum city center. The study was realized between June of 2010 and July of 2011. It involved 455 people over age 65 living in Erzurum city center. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Daily Living Scale were applied to participants. A total of 455 people participated in the study. AD was detected in 29 people. Twenty-one participants were female, and eight were male. The prevalence of AD was calculated to be 6.4%. According to the results of a logistic regression analysis, the AD prevalence detection rate in the a 75-84 age group was ten times greater than in the 65-74 age group, and the rate in the 85 and over group was 36 times greater than in the 65-74 age group. AD is more common in women than in men. The rate increases 4.1-fold among those with AD diabetes mellitus disease, 3.9-fold among those with Parkinson’s disease, 2.6-fold among those with heart disease, and 4.2-fold among those with dementia in their families. AD prevalence for those age of 65 and over was shown to be 6.4% in our study. The risk of AD increases 17-fold with increasing age. The risk of developing AD also increases in cases of chronic diseases.

Earthquake experience and preparedness in Turkey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure and compare the level of earthquake preparedness of individuals living in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, evaluate whether prior earthquake experience has an impact on earthquake preparedness and discuss the cultural factors that may play a role in determining the level of preparedness. Design/methodology/approach – Three locations were identified for the study. Aşkale and Erçiş district had experienced a major earthquake where Erzurum City Center had no major earthquake experience. A total of 174 participants were included in the study. Earthquake preparation was assessed using the Turkish version of the Wellington Earthquake Preparedness Scale by Spittal et al. (2006). Findings – The results showed a significant relationship between the place of living, earthquake experience and preparation. Those who had prior earthquake experience had higher preparation than those who had no prior earthquake experience. Home owners had taken more steps to prepare for an earthquake than non-home owners Individuals who were married had higher preparation scores than those who were single or widowed. A comparison of general perception of preparedness levels reported by participants having a major earthquake experience and no earthquake experience showed that Erçiş and Aşkale residents were significantly more prepared for an earthquake than Erzurum residents. Home ownership and past earthquake experience were found to be predictors of preparation. Originality/value – Although the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey encounters many earthquakes resulting in mass destruction, the issue of whether individuals living in this region are ready and prepared for a possible earthquake has not been researched sufficiently.

Adapting the Child Version of Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory into Turkish: The Study of Reliability and Validity

The purpose of this study is to adapt Child Version of obsessive compulsive inventory developed by Foa, Coles, Huppert, Franklin and March (2010) into Turkish culture. The work group of the study is formed of 1187 secondary and high school students, 633 boys and 604 girls, who get educated in Erzurum city center and were selected with appropriate sampling method. Experts’ opinions were asked for language validity of the scale in adaptation process and after the language validity had been granted, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to determine the scale’s adaptation level to Turkish culture, and it was found that the model fit indices of the six-factor structure of the scale are at good level. The model fit of this six-factor structure of the scale was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis and model fit indices were found to be in good level. The internal consistency coefficient was found as .86 for the total scale and .73, .76, .81, .78, .79 and .78, respectively for the sub-dimensions. According to the evidence obtained through the study, the child form of obsessive compulsive symptoms scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool to use in the analysis of factors related obsessive compulsive disorder.

Analysis of the Relations between Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in Adolescents with Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study is to analyze the predictive effect of anxiety sensitivity on obsessive compulsive symptoms. The sample of the study consists of 542 students selected with appropriate sampling method from the secondary and high schools in Erzurum city center. Obsessive Compulsive Inventory and Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used in the study to collect data. The data obtained through the study was analyzed with structural equation modeling. As a result of the study, it was determined that there is a significant relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety sensitivity has direct and indirect meaningful effects on the latent variable of OCD in the sub-dimensions of doubting-checking, obsessing, hoarding, washing, ordering and mental neutralizing, and also anxiety sensitivity is a significant predictor of obsessive compulsive symptoms.

Determinants of housing demand in the Erzurum province, Turkey

Purpose– The main aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence the housing demand of households in Erzurum, northeastern Turkey. Housing demand is generally affected by several factors including housing prices, individuals’ income, expectations and choices and so on, as a means of its demographic and socio-psychological contexts.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out, in which the outcome variable had binary responses such as whether to invest in housing or not. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the underlying data.Findings– The questionnaire was conducted in 2,927 households living in Erzurum city center, and 47 per cent of the respondents claimed that they would consider investing in housing in the future. The estimation results reveal that demographic or socio-economic factors that may possibly influence housing demand of the respondents are as follows: household head’s and spouse’s occupation, monthly income, the number of individuals in the family and car ownership.Originality/value– This paper involves the most comprehensive survey addressing the housing demand in the East Anatolian Region, Turkey. Additionally, this paper aims to contribute to the existing housing literature through establishing the statistical analysis of housing demand in an unstudied territory of the world.

ANNELERİN DOĞUM SONU YAŞAM KALİTESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

OZET Amac: Bu calismada amac annelerin dogum sonrasi yasam kalitelerini incelemek ve etkileyen bazi faktorleri belirlemektir. Yontem: Tanimlayici nitelikte yapilan arastirmanin evrenini, 1 Ocak - 30 Nisan 2013 tarihleri arasinda Erzurum il merkezinde bulunan bir Aile Sagligi Merkezine basvuran ve dogum sonu 4-6. haftasinda olan 266 anne olusturmustur. Arastirmanin orneklemini arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden 206 anne olusturmustur. Verilerin toplanmasinda “Anket Formu” ve “Dogum Sonu Yasam Kalitesi Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Annelerin yas ortalamasi 29.08±5.68’dir. Annelerin %35’i ilkokul mezunu, %83’u herhangi bir iste calismamakta ve %74.3’u cekirdek tipi ailede yasamaktadir. %76.2’si multipar, %81.1’i isteyerek gebe kalmis ve %66’si vajinal dogum yapmistir. %58.7’i dogum sonu doneme yonelik bilgi almistir. Annelerin Dogum Sonu Yasam Kalitesi Olcegi toplam puan ortalamasi 16.85±4.82’dir. Annelerin egitim duzeylerine, dogum sekline ve dogum sonrasi doneme yonelik bilgi alma durumlarina gore Dogum Sonu Yasam Kalitesi Olcegi toplam puan ortalamalari arasindaki farkin istatistiksel olarak anlamli oldugu bulunmustur (p<0.001). Sonuc: Calismaya katilan annelerin dogum sonu yasam kalitesi duzeylerinin orta duzeyde oldugu saptanmistir. Universite mezunu olan, vajinal dogum yapan ve dogum sonu doneme yonelik bilgi alan annelerin diger annelere gore dogum sonu yasam kalitelerinin daha iyi duzeyde oldugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Dogum sonu donem; yasam kalitesi; hemsire. ABSTRACT Examination of the Postpartum Life Quality of Mothers Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the postpartum life quality of mothers and determine some affecting factors. Method: Population of this descriptive study consisted of 266 mothers, who applied to Family Health Center in the city center of Erzurum between January 1, 2013 and April 30, 2013 and were in the 4-6th postpartum week. Sample group of the study involves 206 mothers, who were accepted to participate in the study. “Questionnaire Form” and “Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire”, were used to collect the data. Results: Average age of mothers was 29.08±5.68. While 35% of mothers were primary school graduates, 83% were unemployed and 74.3% lived in a nuclear family. 76.2% multipar, 81.1% had intended pregnancy and 66% gave vaginal birth. 58.7% were informed about the postpartum period. Mothers’ total mean score of Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire is 16.85±4.82. It was determined that the difference between total mean scores of Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire was statistically significant according to educational levels, delivery method of mothers, as well as their state of obtaining information about the postpartum period (p<0.001). Conclusion: Postpartum life quality levels of mothers who participated in the study were determined to be moderately. Also, mothers, who were university graduate, had vaginal birth and were informed about the postpartum period, had higher levels of postpartum life quality compared to other mothers. Keywords: Postpartum; quality of life; nurse.

Seismic assessment of a historical masonry mosque by experimental tests and finite element analyses

The mosques are the most important pieces of Islamic culture in terms of their architectural and structural properties. Although, thousands of these mosques are still being used all over the world, many historical mosques are at risk in terms of seismic events. This study mainly focuses on historical Lala Pasha Mosque, which is located in the city center of Erzurum, Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to assess the structural behaviors and to investigate the architectural features and components of the mosque. The study was carried out in two main steps. Firstly, compression and three-point bending tests on the construction materials were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the materials. In the second step, a three-dimensional finite element model of the mosque was developed and structural responses for the model were investigated by means of static and dynamic analyses. The results of the analyses show that the most critical parts of the mosque are the dome, pulley, and the supports of the main arch structures that carry the main dome. Additionally, the dynamic analyses prove that the most critical parts of the mosque are the sub-sections of the main columns, the window edges, and small domes.

The relationship between breast feeding and depression in the early postpartum period

The relationship between breast feeding and depression in the early postpartum period Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between breast feeding and postnatal depression in mothers in the early postpartum period. Material and Method: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted at the maternity hospital in the city center of Erzurum between 1 February 2013 and 30 April 2013. The data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. One way analysis of variance, t test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and correlation analysis were used to assess the data. Results: It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the age, educational level and pregnancy number of mothers and LATCH mean scores (p<0.05), and a statistically significant difference between the EPDS mean scores and income level, pregnancy number and pregnancy intention of mothers (p<0.05). According to these results, no relationship was determined between LATCH and EPDS mean scores. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that mothers had a moderate-level success of breast feeding, one fourth of them were under risk in terms of depression and there was no relationship between the depression and breast feeding.

High-school students' ideas about the concept of "living-thing" and distinctive features of liveliness

Children must have a correct mental schema about the concept of for meaningful learning of many biological concepts, facts and phenomenon which have been in our lives since the first years of existence. In this study, it was attempted to determine high-school students’ mental schema about the concept of “livingthing”. For this purpose, some open-ended questions were asked to a total of 154 students between the ages of 14-15 who were studying at an Anatolian High School in Erzurum city center, and the obtained data were analyzed. In the data collection process, the students were asked to write the names of the first ten species that came to their mind first. Later, the students were asked to write what they think about living-thing and what is the meaning of “liveliness” according to them. The data obtained from written explanations of the students were analyzed and presented in tables and graphs. It is noteworthy that, the students mainly wrote the names of animal species to their lists and mammals were the dominant class among them. On the other hand, when students’ written explanations about the meaning of the concept of living-thing were analyzed, it was seen that their ideas were grouped under four major themes (physiological, mental, biological and existential features).

The Relation between Teachers’ Individual Values and Their Perception of Leadership

The present study aims to determine how much teachers’ individual values predict their teacher leadership behaviors. The population of the research consists of teachers working in elementary schools located in the city center of Erzurum, Turkey. The sample of the research consists of 388 teachers chosen with the random sampling method. Data were obtained from “Individual values” and “Teacher leadership” scales. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis methods were used in analyzing data. Findings showed that teachers’ individual values predict their teacher leadership behaviors at the rate of 37%. It was also determined that the most important individual values in teacher leadership are responsibility, candidness, discipline, respect and sharing variables.

Longitudinal occlusal changes during the primary dentition and during the passage from primary dentition to mixed dentition among a group of Turkish children

To determine the changes in the molar and canine relationships in transition from the primary to the mixed dentition in 98 subjects selected among Turkish children living in the Erzurum city centre. This study is based on a 3-year follow-up of 98 children (46 girls, 52 boys) between the ages of 4 and 6years at the start of the study. The survey focused on the investigation of the changes that appeared in the occlusal relationships in the primary dentition and in the transition to the mixed dentition according to gender and age. The findings indicated that 73.6% of the 98 cases evaluated in the primary dentition developed a Class I molar relationship, and 26.4% developed a Class II molar relationship. As 64.3% FTP, 22.4% DS, and 13.3% MS molar occlusal relationships were evaluated at baseline; 22.4% FTP, 11.2% DS, and 66.3% MS molar occlusal relationships were evaluated at the end of the third year. While 75.5% Class I, 11.2% Class II, and 13.3% Class III primary canine occlusal relationships were evaluated at baseline; 53.1% Class I, 5.1% Class II, and 41.8% Class III primary canine occlusal relationships were evaluated at the end of the third year. With increased age, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in flush terminal plane, mesial step, and primary canine occlusal relationships and no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found in distal step relationships. Malocclusions observed in the primary dentition are signs of malocclusions in the permanent dentition.

Investigation About Frequency Of Diaper Dermatitis in Children and Existing Practice

AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of diaper dermatitis in children and daily practices about it . METHODS: Total field under survey was composed of mothers having 0-24 month-old babies who were enrolled in Yenisehir Primary Care Medical Centre in Erzurum city centre. Total of 209 mothers chosen by simple random sampling method were included in the study. During data collection, question forms prepared by the investigator were used. Chi square test, mean and percentage distribution were used to evaluate data. RESULTS: In the study of children, 62.2% female, 37.8% were men and Scroll, 52.9% were between 7-12 months. 34.2% of the mothers\' 15-percent 24yas, 46.4% one third of 25-34 years, 14.4% were between 35-44 years is. The incidence of diaper dermatitis in children as a result of the study was 83.7%. 81.1% of the mothers\' i diaper rash cream, diaper dermatitis occurs, 78.9% of wet wipes, 26.3% of the caster uses. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of diaper dermatitis and nutrition type of the babies. 81.1% of the mothers use baby rash creams for diaper dermatitis. It was seen that mothers most benefit from baby rash cream usage (65.6%) and least benefit from powder usage(2.9%). CONCLUSION: 83.7% of infants within the scope of the study to in that diaper dermatitis was observed. The etiology of diaper dermatitis in particular, features, protection and healing of rashes that may be effective in alternating one should be aware of preventive maintenance and an effective education on this subject should be given to mothers by nurses.

İLKÖĞRETİM MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MATEMATİKSEL MODELLEME İLE İLGİLİ FARKINDALIKLARI

The aim of this study is to examine the views of primary school mathematics teachers on mathematical modelling. This study, in which phenomenological design has been used, has been conducted with the participation of 11 primary school mathematics teachers in Erzurum city center. The data of the study have been obtained via the semi-structured interviews made with the teachers and in-class observations made with four teachers following these interviews. Upon the analysis of the data, it has been found out that the teachers, who have been interviewed and observed in the class, do not have enough knowledge about the mathematical modelling; also confuse the concepts of model, modelling, mathematical model and mathematical modelling; and do not sufficiently use the mathematical modelling in their courses.

Adapting School Burnout Inventory to Turkish Culture: Study of Validity and Reliability

The purpose of this study is to carry out the translation and adjustment of school burnout inventory developed by Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen and Nurmi and to investigate the psychometry characteristics of the scale. The scale , in its original form, is 5 point likert scale type tool consisting of 9 items in there dimensions. The study group of the study is 570 students who are studying at primary and secondary schools located in Erzurum city center. After the interpretation process, in order to achieve the language validty, the opinions of experts have been sought. For the construct validity , , exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have been carried out. It is ascertained that there is a three dimensional structure accounting for %66.858 of total variance. The agreement of this three dimensional structure has been tested with confirmatory factor analysis, and foud out that the fit index are in good degree(RMSEA=.042, RMR= .013, NFI=.90, CFI=.96, IFI=.97, RFI=.92, AGFI=.90, GFI=.92. These sub-dimensions are emotional burnout, indifference and the feeling of low individual success. As a result of the reliability analysis of the scale, the internal consistency parameter has been found to be a=.75, and the reliability of test-retest as a= .80. In accordance with the findings acquired , it can be said that school burnout inventory is a scale that has reliability and validity.

Romatoid Artrite İklimin Etkisi

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between climatic changes and hospital admissions that are registered as rheumatoid arthritis according to ICD-10 coding registry at the Atatürk University Hospital, located in Erzurum city center. Material and Methods: The study included 3 033 193 patients presenting to the Atatürk University Hospital outpatient clinics, including emergency admissions between January 2008 and December 2011. Data from 2 151 952 cases (70.9% of total applications) aged between 18-105 years were included in the study. A total of 29 966 patients who were registered as RA (ICD 10 code M06) or seropositive RA (ICD 10 code M05), according the ICD-10 coding registry system, were selected. Statistical analyses were run to find out a possible relationship between daily number of hospital admissions due to RA or seropositive RA and studied climatic parameters. Results: The mean age was 47.06±16.3 years. Yearly mean relative humidity and mean atmospheric pressure was 68.1±13.96 %, and 822.73±5.97 hPa respectively. Yearly median temperature, precipitation, and wind speed was 5.88 (-27.9-24.9; 6.9)°C, 3.90 (0.1-28.0; 1.0) kg/m2, and 3.73 (0.3-12.5; 2.7) m/sec, respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a significant but weak positive correlation between the number of admissions and precipitation, as well as wind speed, and a weak negative correlation with atmospheric pressure (r and p; 0.161 and <0.001; 0.122 and 0.011; -0.065 and 0.040, respectively). There was no correlation between the number of RA patients and temperature, relative humidity, and wind directions (p>0.05). In linear regression analysis, wind speed was a significant independent variable affecting the daily number of admissions of RA patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: The relationship between meteorological variables and daily admissions to hospital outpatient clinics due to RA is weak.

Determination of the Breast Cancer Risk Levels and Health Beliefs of Women With and Without Previous Mammography in the Eastern Part of Turkey

This research was conducted to determine the breast cancer risk levels of women with and without previous mammography and their beliefs on breast cancer and mammography. The sample for this descriptive research consisted of women aged 50 years or older who were registered at the Family Health Center in the city center of Erzurum. The research was conducted with a total of 420 women with at least one mammography (210) and without mammography (210) who presented to the center on Wednesdays and Thursdays for any reason between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2011. Research data were collected using the personal information "Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form" accepted and recommended by the Turkish Ministry of Health, and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer and Screening (CHBMS). Data were evaluated using percentages and means with the t-test. According to the research data, 89.8% of the women were found to be in the low risk group, 87.6% with and 91.9% without mammography. When the health beliefs of women with and without mammography were compared, it was found that susceptibility, seriousness, motivation, mammography benefit scores were higher among those with mammography (p<0.01). The mammography barrier score average was higher in the group without mammography (p<0.01). Knowing women's health beliefs, which have positive and negative effects on participating in mammography screening, may increase the rate of mammography uptake among women. Moreover, women with high breast cancer risk may be determined by increasing society's level of knowledge on breast cancer and risk factors.

Göğüs Ağrısı, Baş Ağrısı ve Eklem Ağrısına İklimin Etkisi: 1900 Metre Yükseklikte Bir Hastaneden Alınan Sonuçlar

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between climate changes and the most commonly diagnosed three diseases according to ICD-10 coding registry of Ataturk University Hospital, located in Erzurum city center. Material and Methods: Between January 1 and December 31, 2009, 913 108 patients applied to Ataturk University Hospital outpatient clinics (including applications to the emergency unit). Data of 601 184 cases (65.8%) with an age range of 18-110 years were included in the study. The most common three diagnoses according to the ICD-10 codes were selected. These were

Knowledge and Applications About Hand Hygiene of the Mothers

Aim; This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating knowledge and applications about hand hygiene of the children and the mothers themselves. Material Method;This research, retrospective and dectriptive, was carried out between the dates March 2009 and June 2009. The town of Palandoken was chosen randomly from three towns of Erzurum City Centre. Of the eight family health centre depending on this town, a family health centre was chose randomly by means of sampling. 4000 women in the 15 and 49 years of age group formed the study context. In the circumstance in which the context is known, the sampling was determined as 350 by means of sampling method. The women, married and with children, accepting to participate in the research or coming to family health centre for any reasons were included in the research. The data of the research were collected by a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers. The data of the research were evaluated by making percentage distributions in computer. Results; It was found out that 44.9 % of the women was in 26-35 age group, and that 52.6 % of the women was primary school graduate, and that 32.3 % of the women had to children. It was also found out that 83.7 % of the mothers washed their hands ten or more times, and that 38.6 % of the mothers washed their hands before coming into toilets, and that 100 % of the mothers washed their hands after going out the toilets, and that 75.7 % of the mothers dried their hands by using clot towels. When, during the child care, knowledge and applications about hand hygiene of the mothers were examined, it was observed that 59.1 % of the mothers washed their hands before giving breast feding, and that 39.4 % of the mothers know that they should wash their hands before changing their babies under. After changing baby diaper, the rate of mothers expressing that they should wash their hands was 93.3 %. 74.9 % of the mothers stated that the hands should be washed when the baby vomited or after baby cleaning finished. Conclusion; It was found out that the mothers did not have sufficient knowledge and applications about hand hygiene in the care themselves and their children.

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Level in Butter Samples Consumed in Erzurum, Turkey

Summary In this study; the levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in 80 butter samples were determined. They were obtained from supermarkets in city center of Erzurum. The presence and concentration range of AFM1 in the samples were investigated by competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method. AFM1 was found in 66 (82.5%) samples at levels ranging from 10 to 121 ng/kg with mean concentration of 30.4±23.9 ng/kg. The levels of AFM1 in 13 (16.3%) samples were higher than the maximum legal limit accepted by Codex Alimentarious Commission (CAC). None of the contaminated butter sample exceeded the legal limit regulated by Turkish Food Codex (TFC) for AFM1. The results indicated that contamination of the butter samples with AFM1 in high level could be a potential hazard for public health.

Evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution in the city of Erzurum, Turkey

Noise pollution and its influence on the environment and life quality of human beings is a hot topic in scientific research. A study has been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in the city of Erzurum located in the east of Turkey. Noise measurements were taken in the morning, at noon and in the evening to determine noise pollution all over the city, particularly motorway transportation noise. In order to determine the sensitivity of the city people to noise pollution, standard survey studies were also conducted. According to the results, the noise level in Erzurum city centre exceeded allowed values at 96 of 126 measurement points. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was created for Erzurum. Proposed solutions are set out.