Demands Of Citizens Research Articles

Chatbots adoption intention in public sector in Malaysia from the perspective of TOE framework. The moderated and mediation model

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the motivating factors for Malaysian governmental agencies (MGAs) to embrace chatbot technology. Design/methodology/approach Based on the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, 262 online data from the MGA top management were gathered. Smart PLS4 was employed to test the hypotheses of the study. Findings The findings demonstrated positive relationships between technological readiness (TR), big data analytics (BDA), organisational readiness (OR), organisational learning capabilities (OLC) and governmental policies (GP) concerning chatbot adoption intention and also the relationship GP with OR. A mediating effect was also observed, which indicated the OLC role in positively mediating BDA, the OR role in positively mediating OLC and the OR role in positively mediating GP with OR and OLC as sequential mediators in the relationship between BDA and chatbot adoption intention. Furthermore, the presence of citizen demand (CD) strengthened the relationship between TR, OR and chatbot adoption intention. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to Malaysian federal government agencies who still not adopting Chatbots. Practical implications The findings offer valuable insight into factors affect the adoption of chatbots among Malaysian government agencies. Stakeholders, including department heads, can use these findings to strategically enhance counter service by promoting chatbot adoption. Originality/value The study demonstrated that the TOE framework was effective in identifying the factors contributing to the decision-making process for adopting chatbots across MGAs. Organisational readiness and organisation learning capability was found to sequentially mediate the relationship between big data analytic and intention to adopt chatbot. Citizen demand was found to have moderation effect on the relationship between organisational readiness and technological readiness towards the intention to adopt a chatbot.

Challenging the boundaries of citizenship: Alevi citizens’ pursuit of equal citizenship in Turkey

ABSTRACT Marking Turkey’s 101st anniversary since the founding of the Republic in 1923, this article explores the enduring demand of Alevi citizens for recognition and equality. Addressing a gap in citizenship literature, this study scrutinizes the century-long struggle for equitable citizenship among Alevi citizens. Grounded in classical and critical perspectives, it delves into citizenship dynamics, specifically the quest for equal citizenship by Alevi citizens. Guided by the Alevi issue, the research examines the interplay between theoretical constructs, lived experiences, and the ongoing pursuit of equitable civic recognition. Drawing insights from in-depth interviews with five Alevi civil society organization representatives, this study provides first-hand perspectives on challenges to conventional citizenship definitions. Emphasizing historical grounding and geographical responsiveness, the article underscores the experiences of marginalized communities, challenging state-centric perspectives. This research contributes to the evolving understanding of citizenship, emphasizing the continued importance of equal citizenship in Turkey and beyond.

European Trends in Local Public Administration: Adapting to Globalization

The trend of globalization, accompanied by the dynamic development of social systems, places national states in a completely new position, in which institutions and administrative systems must be adapted. Any intervention in the field of public administration reform implies changes in major components, including central administration, local administration and public services. On the other hand, the development of democracy calls for the establishment of a new relationship between citizens and the administration, increasing and strengthening the role of local authorities and reconsidering the partnership with civil society. There are numerous reasons for the structural and functional modernization of the public administration in Romania, starting from the need for more efficient functioning of government institutions to the aspiration to become a member of the European Union. The present study aims to address these aspects, taking into account the impact of the reform measures at the public administration level that have been undertaken recently. Through the coherent and continuous development of the decentralization process in the next period, we will be able to witness the increase in the quality and efficiency of public services, and local administrations will respond to the demands of citizens and local development in an improved way. Keywords: development, Europe, municipalities, public administration

Physicians and nurses experiences of providing care to patients within a mobile care unit – a qualitative interview study

IntroductionThere is a growing need for alternative forms of care to address citizen demands and ensure a competent healthcare workforce across municipalities and regions. One of these forms of care is the use of mobile care units. The aim of the current study was to describe physicians and nurses experiences of providing care to patients within a mobile care unit in Sweden.MethodData were collected between March 2022 and January 2023 through qualitative interviews with 14 physicians and nurses employed in various mobile care units in different regions in Sweden. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis, with the study adhering to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).ResultsThe analysis resulted in two main categories: “Unlocking the potential of mobile care”, and “The challenges of moving hospitals to patients’ homes”; and seven subcategories. The respondents viewed mobile care at home as highly advantageous, positively impacting both patients and caregivers. They believed their contributions enhanced patients’ well-being, fostering a welcoming atmosphere. They also noted receiving more quality time for each patient, enabling thorough assessments, and promoting a person-centered approach, which resulted in more gratifying mutual relationships. However, they experienced that mobile care also had challenges such as geographical limitations, limited opening hours and logistical complexity, which can lead to less equitable and efficient care.ConclusionsPhysicians and nurses in mobile care units emphasized positive outcomes, contributing to patient well-being through a person-centered approach. They highlighted increased quality time, comprehensive assessments, and overall satisfaction, praising the mobile care unit’s unique continuity for enhancing safety and fostering meaningful relationships in the patient’s home environment. In order for mobile care to develop and become a natural part of healthcare, challenges such as geographical limitations and logistics need to be addressed.

Demand of the senior citizens with different life quality for community health care in Weifang, China

Objective: It is to investigate the situation of life quality of the senior citizens in Weifang and demand of the senior citizens with different life quality for community health care. Methods: The cluster sampling is used in the questionnaire survey for 1208 old people in Weifang who are older than 60 years old in Weifang. Result: The average age of 1208 elderly people in the communities of Weifang is 69.19, including 532 males and 676 females. Among the community, the most demanding needs of these old people for community health care are regular physical examination (97.3%), general disease care (84.5%) and establishing health records (79.2%), safe medication guidance (78.5%), health monitoring guidance (73.5%), and hotline health consultation (72.3%). There are significant differences in the demand for community health programs among the elderly with different quality of life. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the needs of the elderly with different quality of life for community medical services, which requires the community and related medical and health institutions to provide differentiated services for the elderly people, improve their satisfaction with health services, and ultimately promote the overall improvement of the health situation of the elderly people.

Муниципальная общественность и развитие делиберативных процессов на местном уровне (на примере разрешения городских конфликтов)

The study examines the role of the public as an institution of local democracy in deliberative processes, emphasizing its significance in resolving urban conflicts. Specific examples of urban conflict resolution in the city of Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, are utilized. Methods employed include content analysis of mass media, expert surveys, and mass sociological surveys. The research demonstrates that urban conflicts possess substantial potential for resolution through consensus-based approaches. Therefore, the concept of “deliberative democracy” is quite applicable for analyzing such conflicts at the local level. However, achieving such a consensus necessitates the aggregation and articulation of citizen demands. This, in turn, underscores the need for a local policy actor to function within the political space of the city. In this context, the local community serves as this actor. The internal structure of the municipal public is described, along with the factors contributing to its successful performance as an actor in the deliberative process at the municipal level. In conclusion, the local community plays a crucial role in deliberative processes, especially in the resolution of urban conflicts. The study highlights the structural dynamics and critical factors that enable the local community to effectively function as a deliberative actor in local governance.

Between the democratization of housing and the neoliberal responsibilization of citizens: The proliferation of co-housing in Viennese city planning

In contemporary city planning, self-organized collaborative forms of housing are flourishing. However, in the literature, the increasing incorporation of citizens in housing and planning has been interpreted in very different ways. The research on urban planning has understood the proliferation of co-housing groups as indicating changing participatory demands of citizens on one hand, and as an effort to organize social change on an everyday level on the other. In contrast, critical social researchers have interpreted the rise of collaborative housing not as a democratization, but as a shift of urban governance towards the responsibilization of citizens. In this article, we use these two theoretical perspectives for making sense of the political values that are present in the contemporary proliferation of co-housing groups in Viennese urban planning. The empirical base of our endeavor is a series of qualitative interviews with different stakeholders (city planners, administrators, architects, developers, and neighbors) and members of co-housing groups in the city development area Wildgarten in the South of the city. We conclude that in the Wildgarten, the self-empowerment of citizens goes hand-in-hand with an increasing top-down steering by a neoliberal entrepreneurial city. Furthermore, we found that the co-housing groups tend to willingly accept the hierarchy between planning bodies and themselves, which contradicts the political marketing strategies of social transformation and democratization attached to Wildgarten. Simultaneously, possibly as a consequence from top-down citizen responsibilization, our findings show that co-housing groups often focus more on a democratized group interior than on transforming society at large.

Predicting hospital length of stay using machine learning on a large open health dataset

BackgroundGovernments worldwide are facing growing pressure to increase transparency, as citizens demand greater insight into decision-making processes and public spending. An example is the release of open healthcare data to researchers, as healthcare is one of the top economic sectors. Significant information systems development and computational experimentation are required to extract meaning and value from these datasets. We use a large open health dataset provided by the New York State Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) containing 2.3 million de-identified patient records. One of the fields in these records is a patient’s length of stay (LoS) in a hospital, which is crucial in estimating healthcare costs and planning hospital capacity for future needs. Hence it would be very beneficial for hospitals to be able to predict the LoS early. The area of machine learning offers a potential solution, which is the focus of the current paper.MethodsWe investigated multiple machine learning techniques including feature engineering, regression, and classification trees to predict the length of stay (LoS) of all the hospital procedures currently available in the dataset. Whereas many researchers focus on LoS prediction for a specific disease, a unique feature of our model is its ability to simultaneously handle 285 diagnosis codes from the Clinical Classification System (CCS). We focused on the interpretability and explainability of input features and the resulting models. We developed separate models for newborns and non-newborns.ResultsThe study yields promising results, demonstrating the effectiveness of machine learning in predicting LoS. The best R2 scores achieved are noteworthy: 0.82 for newborns using linear regression and 0.43 for non-newborns using catboost regression. Focusing on cardiovascular disease refines the predictive capability, achieving an improved R2 score of 0.62. The models not only demonstrate high performance but also provide understandable insights. For instance, birth-weight is employed for predicting LoS in newborns, while diagnostic-related group classification proves valuable for non-newborns.ConclusionOur study showcases the practical utility of machine learning models in predicting LoS during patient admittance. The emphasis on interpretability ensures that the models can be easily comprehended and replicated by other researchers. Healthcare stakeholders, including providers, administrators, and patients, stand to benefit significantly. The findings offer valuable insights for cost estimation and capacity planning, contributing to the overall enhancement of healthcare management and delivery.

Government Challenges and Financial Strengthening of Higher Education in Mexico

The allocation of public resources can either enhance or hinder a nation’s educational development at any level. This research examines the direction of international commitmentto education, the role of Higher Education Institutions, and the capture and implementation of funding sources. The text discusses education as a human right and a mechanism forphysical, social, emotional, creative, and humanistic development within socio‑political precepts. The analysis focuses on 13 State Public Universities in Mexico, examiningbudgetary variations and their impact on students and institutions. The text contrasts discursive and factual information. Among the main findings, Mexican Higher Education has the highest budget allocation. However, the sources of financing do not fully cover citizen demand. Operating expenses include the equipment of classrooms, maintenance of buildings, and salary payments. They represent a symbolic and tangible investment inthe talent and development of a historically vulnerable sector that governments should prioritize In conclusion, the consolidation of Higher Education and its universities mustadhere to national and international requirements. This includes expanding the level of education, achieving upward social mobility, and improving the living conditions ofMexicans, regardless of their place of residence or educational environment.

Expectations versus experience: What do citizens demand when dealing with criminal courts?

There is a large body of evidence on how perceptions of procedural justice affect legitimacy and compliance. Despite the consistency of the findings, there is less research on the impact that citizens’ experiences with courts may have on public perceptions. This article examines this issue through an online survey of a national sample of Spanish citizens, controlling for the effects of the individual’s role in the process (defendant or victim) and membership of a vulnerable group. To this end, a two-dimensional measure of procedural justice was used. The results show that expectations towards the criminal justice system have differential effects, the quality of decision-making affects legitimacy and the quality of treatment affects compliance. Moreover, participation is a key element of satisfaction with the judicial experience, especially for defendants and members of minority groups. The findings are discussed within the framework of Tyler’s process-based model and concepts of anticipatory and hermeneutical injustice.

Inventing traditional authority: Lhomwe chiefs in Malawi

ABSTRACT Chiefs in Malawi exercise significant authority based on legitimacy derived from the position's purportedly deep historical origins. But, does such legitimacy confer when a new chieftaincy is created from scratch? I address this question within the context of an ongoing cultural revival of the Lhomwe ethnic group in Malawi, which has included the appointment of many new Lhomwe chiefs and the creation of a Lhomwe paramount chieftaincy. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and original survey data, I explore the political drivers, mechanisms and implications of the this newly created Lhomwe chieftaincy. I find that its creation was driven by top-down, elite-led action rather than citizen demands, and that the newly appointed chiefs enjoy the most support among urban-based backers of the political party responsible for their appointments. This research contributes to historical work on the colonial-era creation of chieftaincies, but does so using a contemporary case of cultural engineering.

Empowering economic growth: A provincial case study of Nepal through the imperative role of agricultural commodity markets

Nepal is extremely diverse and located between China and India. Most of the essential requirements are managed through import. These import and local agriculture production meet the demands of people and helps in economy. This study is designed to analyze the role of local agricultural products in the economy of Nepal. A mixed research method was applied and three vital economic corridor-based Provinces were chosen for this study. The interview schedule through Questions, KII and FGD was planned and conducted during August-November 2023. The data further illustrated that the local production of maize, paddy, wheat and millets is seasonal and insufficient for a year and lasts only for a few months from own field, and relies on markets imported through India and China. Nepalese markets are following cash-based transactions and the Government monitoring is challenging to control and monitoring the markets due to the open border. The daily consumable agricultural products such as vegetables, legumes, meats, fruits have limited production and dependent on Indian and Chinese markets. However, local production fulfills the demands of farmers and citizens for few months, and that value contribution is huge in the Nepalese economy. The local production is meeting the requirements of the people for few seasons. Due to diversity demands differ region-wise. The local production enhancement is the ultimate way out, effort from all sector for production is required and comprehensive study targeting market mechanism are suggested.

The evolution of integrated popular financial reporting: toward a digital-driven collaborative approach using sentiment analysis tool

PurposeThe research aims to provide a longitudinal case study to understand how digital transformation can be embedded in municipal reporting frameworks. The central role of such technology becomes increasingly evident as citizens demand greater transparency and engagement between them and governing institutions.Design/methodology/approachUtilising a longitudinal case study methodology, the research focusses on Turin’s Integrated Popular Financial Report (IPFR) as a lens through which to evaluate the broader implications of digital transformation on governmental transparency and operational efficiency.FindingsDigital tools, notably sentiment analysis, offer promising avenues for enhancing governmental efficacy and citizenry participation. However, persistent challenges highlight the inadequacy of traditional, inflexible reporting structures to cater to dynamic informational demands.Practical implicationsEmbracing digital tools is an imperative for contemporary public administrators, promoting streamlined communication and dismantling bureaucratic obstructions, all while catering to the evolving demands of an informed citizenry.Originality/valueDifferent from previous studies that primarily emphasised technology’s role within budgeting, this research uniquely positions itself by spotlighting the transformative implications of digital tools during the reporting phase. It champions the profound value of fostering bottom-up dialogues, heralding a paradigmatic shift towards co-creative public management dynamics.

Analysis of the implementation of the medical boarding school in a medical course derived from the mais médicos program

The mandatory curriculum internship corresponds to an essential period for medical education in which the apprentice, through supervised training in the health service, develops and improves competencies and knowledge of medical practice. In 2014, the new National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) were instituted that guide medical education activities according to the scenario observed in the Unified Health System (SUS), aiming to qualify professionals so that the demands of citizens, families and communities are served. In this context, through the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) and the initiatives for the expansion of medical schools in Brazil, the medical course analyzed in this study, started its activities in 2015, starting to compose the set of courses guided by the new DCN. This article proposed to analyze the process of implementing the medical boarding school of the course, from the perspective of the students. This is a qualitative study, in which the data were collected through a questionnaire sent to the students of the course, with a total of 29 participants. The analysis of the data produced was performed by the dialectical hermeneutic technique. The categories of analysis were health care, health management and health education, which addressed topics about a) operational techniques, such as the correct filling of medical records, learning maneuvers and physical examination techniques and the communication of established hypotheses and sharing the therapeutic process with the patient; b) Integration between service, teaching and community, discussing the adaptation of the structure of health services to receive academics, perceptions about the number and quality of practice scenarios, students' performance in the health service and incentive to contribute actions in the context SUS; c) Structuring the boarding school, discussing the total workload of the stages, pointing out which casters demonstrated the largest and lower organization and what their evaluative methods were; d) Preceptoria, deepening about the performance of preceptors in the practical scenarios, the quality of preceptoria and communication between preceptors and students. It was concluded that the process of implementation of the medical boarding school analyzed is in line with the new DCN, but it demands improvements to fully achieve the learning objectives specified in the course regulation.

The moderating role of government support in chatbot adoption intentions among Malaysian government agencies

PurposeThis study aims to use a survey to examine the factors encouraging Malaysian government agencies (MGAs) to adopt chatbots, which are a new artificial intelligence technology.Design/methodology/approachThe minimum sample size was 98 according to the complexity model, and the respondents were top MGA management personnel. The questionnaire was emailed to all MGAs, and data were collected using snowball sampling in the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. Out of 348 top management personnel contacted, 341 agreed to participate in the study.FindingsTechnology readiness (TR), organizational readiness (OR) and citizen demand were all positively related to chatbot use intention. Government support (GS) strengthened the relationship between OR, TR and chatbot adoption intentions. The findings demonstrated the ability of the TOE framework to ascertain the factors influencing MGA chatbot adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to Malaysian federal government agencies.Practical implicationsThe findings provide useful information for a better understanding of factors influencing the adoption of chatbots among Malaysian government agencies. Related parties, such as the head of department, could use these findings to plan further action to empower counter service by integrating chatbot adoption.Originality/valueThe study revealed the capability of the TOE framework to identify the factors influencing the decision to adopt chatbots among Malaysian government agencies. GS was found to have moderation effect on the relationship between OR and TR toward the intention to adopt a chatbot.

Towards improving agility in public administration

In times of crises, such as the refugee crisis or the corona pandemic, the workload in public administrations increases because of the demands of citizens or short-term legal changes. In addition, there is an increasing need for digitalization or to be able to react flexibly to changes. Agile process models and agile practices are appropriate to overcome these challenges. The objective of this paper is to investigate how public administrations can measure their degree of agility to identify potential for improving it. The authors conducted a descriptive single-case study which included multiple units of analysis in a public administration in Germany. The case study was supported by their questionnaire for measuring the degree of agility. One outcome of this study is a conceptual framework that can be used to drive agile transformation in public administrations by continuously measuring agility. Therefore, a questionnaire for measuring agility at team level in public administrations has been developed. The application of the questionnaire in three teams provide insights into dysfunctionality in the interdisciplinary teams as well as optimization potential in terms of affinity to change. The adoption of agility in public administration is a challenge, given that resistance to change is still prevalent. A transformational change is a constant journey, and therefore, the measurement of progress plays an important role in the continuous improvement of an organization. The applied approach delivers high potential for improvement in terms of agility and provides interesting insights for both practitioners and academics.

МЕСТА, НЕ-МЕСТА, ПРОСТРАНСТВА: СТРУКТУРА И МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ ПОСТСОВЕТСКИХ ГОРОДОВ

In their work, the authors build a conceptual grid for the diversity of space in a Russian post-Soviet city in order to answer the questions: how, given the modern ca-pabilities of modern man, taking into account the constant growth of the population and the volume of his image, is it necessary to structure urban space; how do you take care of the mobility of visitors to urban spaces in residential areas; what importance is attached to the environment created by the development and whether it is capable of meeting the demands of world-class citizens.

Social and political participation using digital services: An empty ritual or a genuine participation?

This article focuses on how modern digital services can involve citizens in socio-political processes. Based on a survey of residents of the Tyumen region, an assessment was made of the participation of citizens in socio-political processes, the demand for digital services by the population for the manifestation of socio-political activity, as well as the ability of these services to provide citizens with genuine political participation. The study found that only 40 % of respondents use modern services and technologies to display their socio-political activity. In the great majority of cases, the use of digital services or platforms is apolitical (solving one’s own life problems, getting information, informing the authorities). The needs of citizens related to participation in social and political processes through digital services are fully satisfied, but these services do not provide citizens with genuine participation and don’t give the opportunity to influence ongoing social and political processes. Only a few services today enable citizens to reach a high level of sociopolitical participation. Most digital services provide only symbolic political participation, but their presence improves the system of public administration and interaction between the authorities and the population. We tend to see, even in the non-political nature of digital service usage, latent political participation that can become real. The use of digital services is important for society, as they significantly expand both the audience and the repertoire of citizens’ participation in socio-political processes; have a learning effect; contribute to increasing the openness and accountability of authorities to citizens. By properly analyzing the weaknesses of digital services and the demands of citizens for their improvement, one can make significant improvements.

Региональный парламентаризм в условиях глобальных вызовов и неопределенности: опыт и уроки

This scientific and practical article has been prepared in order to summarize the experience of the Legislative Duma of the Khabarovsk Territory in the period of 2019–2024. The work describes the specifics of the process of formation of the dynamic regional parliament, external factors of the Duma's activities, legislative results, the contribution of the deputies of the seventh convocation to the development of the forms of parliamentary activity and parliamentary communications. The alteration of the majority faction in the Legislative Duma of the Territory in 2019 has been justified by the high demand of citizens for social changes and the requirement to reduce the distance of power. The leading external conditions of the Duma's work are characterized by pandemic shock, socio-political instability and protest phenomena in the region, constitutional changes in public authority, a special military operation and its goals. The results of the work of the deputies of the seventh convocation are the following: initiation and adoption of constituent and basic laws of the region, development of a variety of forms of the Duma's work, active communications including the Internet space, contribution to parliamentary diplomacy. The following lessons have been induced from the experience of the regional parliament: the lesson of a far-sighted attitude to parliamentary leadership; the lesson of long-term party work based on the principles of succession of generations; the lesson of flexible and socially dynamic lawmaking and parliamentary control; the lesson of openness and broad communication of the deputy team. The article is addressed to researchers and practitioners in the field of regional public administration, aimed at disseminating the experience of parliamentary management in conditions of change and high uncertainty.

Integrated Tourism: A Holistic Approach to Resolving Fragmentation Challenges in Tourism Governance

At its core, integrated tourism is a public governance issue. The current fragmented state of local government organizational functions and public governance in China, coupled with the inherent complexity in tourism management, has led to fragmented governance subjects, fragmented resource allocation, and fragmented governance mechanisms in tourism practices. These existing governance challenges increase the cost of governance and, to some extent, hinder the development of the tourism industry. The emphasis on collaboration, co-governance, and sharing in "integrated tourism" aligns seamlessly with the principles of integration, public responsibility, and citizen demands proposed by the theory of integrated governance. It provides a new path for addressing the fragmented governance in the tourism industry. From the perspective of integrated governance, the diversification and comprehensiveness advocated by integrated tourism, along with the coordination and integration of tourism with other industries, and the innovation in operational mechanisms, represent novel approaches to overcoming the challenges of fragmented governance in the tourism industry.