Appeals Of Citizens Research Articles

The limits of application of the Federal Law «On the Procedure for Considering Appeals of Citizens of the Russian Federation»

The limits of application of the Federal Law «On the Procedure for Considering Appeals of Citizens of the Russian Federation»

ЭМИГРАЦИЯ И РУССКОГОВОРЯЩИЕ СООБЩЕСТВА В США: ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ И ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ НАПРЯЖЕННОСТИ В 2022 ГОДУ

The article discusses some aspects of the modern history of emigration from Russia to the United States, the factors and scale of emigration flows. The features of the visa regime between the Russian Federation and the United States in the context of obtaining various types of visas by Russian citizens are analyzed. Some data on the number, structure and distribution of the Russian-speaking population in individual US states are given. It is shown that the emigration sentiments of Russians towards the United States are based on economic, social, and, to some extent, political factors. It is shown that in recent years the number of non-immigrant visas issued to Russians in the United States has significantly decreased. An additional factor in the decline in the number of visas issued was the pandemic, which disrupted the mobility of the population around the world. The situation in Ukraine led to a further cooling of relations between Russia and the United States, including the impact on the attitude towards the Russian-speaking population in the United States by the local population and authorities. There are precedents associated with discrimination against the Russian-speaking population in the United States. Cases of appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation to international human rights organizations for the protection of their rights were recorded. Also, since the beginning of the conflict situation between Russia and Ukraine, a new wave of emigration from Russia to the United States has begun. The US and EU countries have consistently introduced several packages of sanctions against Russia and the Russian leadership, which has led to the withdrawal of many foreign companies from the Russian market. At present, we can only draw preliminary conclusions, but there is reason to believe that among those leaving there are many young professionals who will have to build a life in a new reality for themselves. Therefore, one of the tasks that we set is to investigate the impact of new external factors on the formation of Russian-speaking communities in the United States.

Analysis of social media data for public emotion on the Wuhan lockdown event during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundWith outbreaks of COVID-19 around the world, lockdown restrictions are routinely imposed to limit the spread of the virus. During periods of lockdown, social media has become the main channel for citizens to exchange information with others. Public emotions are being generated and shared rapidly online with citizens using internet platforms to reduce anxiety and stress, and stay connected while isolated. ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the regularity of emotional evolution by examining public emotions expressed in online discussions about the Wuhan lockdown event in January 2020. MethodsData related to the Wuhan lockdown was collected from Sina Weibo by web crawler. In this study, the Ortony, Clore, and Collins (OCC) model, Word2Vec, and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory model were employed to determine emotional types, train vectorization of words, and identify each text emotion for the training set. Latent Dirichlet Allocation models were also employed to mine the various topic categories, while topic emotional evolution was visualized. ResultsSeven types of emotions and four phases were categorized to describe emotional evolution on the Wuhan lockdown event. The study found that negative emotions such as blame and fear dominated in the early days, and public attitudes towards the lockdown gradually alleviated and reached a balance as the situation improved. Emotional expression about Wuhan lockdown event were significantly related to users’ gender, location, and whether or not their account was verified. There were statistically significant correlations between different emotions within the subtle emotional categories. In addition, the evolution of emotions presented a different path due to different topics. ConclusionsMultiple emotional categories were determined in our study, providing a detailed and explainable emotion analysis to explored emotional appeal of citizen. The public emotions were gradually easing related to the Wuhan lockdown event, there yet exists regional discrimination and post-traumatic stress disorder in this process, which would lead us to pay continuous attention to citizens lives and psychological status post-pandemic. In addition, this study provided an appropriate method and reference case for the government's public opinion control and emotional appeasement.

The development of algorithm of preventive consideration of applications of citizen for stomatological polyclinics administrators

The key priorities of the concept of development of health care in the Russian Federation is the population health support and increasing of availability and quality of medical care. The critical link in chain of interaction between medical organizations and residents is examination of applications of citizen. An appeal of citizen received by state authority, local self-government authority or by the official in accordance with their competence is to be a subject of mandatory proceeding. The service of non-staff chief stomatologist based on the organizational methodical office of Moscow Oblast Stomatological Polyclinic the comprehensive analysis of appeals of citizen appeals regarding provision of medical care in stomatological polyclinics of the Moscow Oblast was carried out. The analysis of summary of tasks demonstrated that in 2020, 107,511 appeals of citizens were received and 1002 tasks were related to stomatological care support that accounts 0.93% of total number of appeals. The results of analysis permitted to elaborate a set of recommendations for administrators of stomatological medical organizations to improve quality of examination of appeals of citizen.

The right to information about the activities of public authorities: certain theoretical and legal aspects

It is found that the right to information about the activities of public authorities is linked to the more general constitutional right of everyone to freely collect, store and disseminate information in any lawful manner. The analyzed law is subject to international and domestic rules governing the right of access to information in general. At the same time, this right is regulated in great detail by special regulations that establish additional guarantees. An important guarantee that ensures the realization of the right of citizens to information about the activities of public authorities is the principle of transparency, which applies in many democracies around the world. The principle of transparency is manifested, firstly, in the fact that public authorities are obliged to inform the public about their activities, and secondly, every member of society has the appropriate right to receive such information, and the level of access to information about activities of public authorities is very important. Forms of exercising the right to information about the activities of public authorities, taking into account the peculiarities of legal regulation, are divided into passive and active. The passive form presupposes that the citizen himself gets acquainted with the information about the activity of the public authority, which duty is to make it public. An active form of exercising this right involves direct appeals of citizens or their groups to public authorities with requests to provide relevant information. It is concluded that ensuring the exercise of the right to information about the activities of public authorities is the key to building a democratic state governed by the rule of law and relies on public authorities, which are obliged to create all conditions for public participation in the adoption of legal acts by these bodies and to provide adequate access to complete and objective information about their activities.

Судебная защита частных лиц в административном процессе посредством административного судопроизводства

The article highlights and studies judicial protection of individuals and organizations (individuals) in the administrative process as a special way of implementing justice on the appeals of citizens and their associations for the protection of their rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests in the course of Executive (non-judicial) and judicial administrative processes from the perspective of an integrative understanding of the administrative process. Taking into account the direct effect of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legal basis for judicial protection of individuals in administrative proceedings consists of two components: 1) the constitutional basis for; 2) legal grounds. Conducted a comprehensive analysis of the legal norms that constitute the constitutional basis and a legislative basis for judicial protection of individuals in administrative process, in which: justified the constitutional right of individuals to protection in the administrative process through the administrative procedure; is General conclusion that the subject of this judicial protection are contested in courts decisions and actions (inaction) of administrativepublic bodies and officials; the author substantiates the allocation of administrative court cases on the protection of individuals in administrative proceedings, which are divided into separate categories depending on the nature of the legal consequences of disputed decisions, actions (inaction) of administrative and public authorities and officials, as well as the nature of the dispute being resolved. In accordance with art. 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation allocated administrative law and administrative procedural decisions and actions challenged in court, in administrative proceedings, is the typology that best reveals the current level of processualists administrative activities public administration, other administrative public authorities and administrative public officials operating in the Russian Federation, allows you to identify priority areas of optimization of administrative proceedings in cases of settlement of administrative law disputes.

Legal and organizational-methodological bases of prosecutor’s supervision over compliance with the requirements of the legislation regulating the procedure for consideration of citizens’ appeals

Legal and organizational-methodological bases of prosecutor’s supervision over compliance with the requirements of the legislation regulating the procedure for consideration of citizens’ appeals This article provides an overview of the legal norms governing the implementation of citizens’ rights to appeal to the state bodies of the Russian Federation. The article discusses the organizational basis of the activities of the Prosecutor’s office to consider the appeals of citizens, analyzes the legal basis of the Prosecutor’s office. Some problems of prosecutorial activity and the current Federal legislation in this area are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that at present Russia has a good legal framework and various measures are being taken to promote the exercise of the constitutional rights of citizens to appeal to state and local authorities, including the Prosecutor’s office. But there are still a number of problems that need to be addressed.

О ПОНЯТИИ КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ «ОБРАЩЕНИЕ ГРАЖДАНИНА»

The right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to appeal to state bodies and bodies of local self-government is one of the oldest human rights. It is an integral part of the mechanism for the implementation of a large number of subjective rights and freedoms. However, the concept of the legal category “citizen’s appeal” contained in the Federal Law “On the Procedure for Considering Appeals of Citizens of the Russian Federation” is not informative and creates many questions and problems. It is difficult to establish the content of the category “citizen’s appeal” because the word “appeal” is a verbal noun and has several meanings in Russian. In order to establish the true meaning of the term “citizen’s appeal”, the authors conducted a lexical analysis of the word “appeal” and examined its use in legal acts. Based on the analysis, it has been established that the term “appeal” in normative acts is used in different meanings and, to clarify it, an additional term is required that would explain the context of the use of the word “appeal”. Then, using specific legal methods of cognition (formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic, technical-legal methods), the authors analyzed the legislative definition of the term “citizen’s appeal”, namely, its understanding in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and in special legal literature. The authors have formulated the definition of the category “citizen’s appeal”: it is the will of a person (group of people or organization) guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, corresponding in its form to the normatively established rules and expressed in the form of a written, oral or implied-in-fact requirement to a state body or local government. The appeal is aimed at realizing the subjective rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the applicant and third parties. The definition includes the necessary and sufficient set of essential characteristics that reveal the analyzed phenomenon, namely: constitutional conditionality, the proper applicant (subject of the appeal), the proper addressee, the form of expressed will, the purpose of the appeal. The absence of any of the above elements eliminates the citizen’s appeal as such or transforms it into a different kind of expression of will. Based on this theoretical construct, a new legislative definition of the legal category “citizen’s appeal” is formulated. The terms “applicant” (citizen, group of citizens, or organization sending the appeal) and “organization that performs publicly significant functions” (a legal entity established by a public law entity with the aim of performing non-commercial functions or a legal entity that exercises certain state or municipal powers) are also defined.

Прекращение переписки по жалобам в уголовном судопроизводстве

The article provides an analysis of the legislation and practice of combating the abuse of citizens’ right to appeal against actions (inaction) and decisions of officials of investigative bodies. According to the results of the analysis, certain ways of resolving some issues of law enforcement of Chapter 16 of the code of criminal procedure and part 5 of article 11 of the Federal law of may 2, 2006 № 59-FZ “On the procedure for consideration of appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation” in terms of termination of correspondence on complaints.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТЕЛЕФОННИХ «ГАРЯЧИХ ЛІНІЙ» ОРГАНІВ ВИКОНАВЧОЇ ВЛАДИ

У статті проаналізовано сучасний стан організаційно-правових механізмів функціонування телефонних «гарячих ліній» органів виконавчої влади в Україні. Акцентовано увагу на основних проблемних аспектах здійснення державної політики у досліджуваній сфері. Розглянуто основний принцип роботи «гарячих ліній» на прикладі урядової телефонної «гарячої лінії». Розкрито питання необхідності усунення існуючих прогалин у законодавчій базі та її удосконалення.
 Доведено, що законодавча норма щодо визначення однакового терміну розгляду для всіх видів звернень певним чином унеможливлює повноцінне забезпечення реалізації права на усне звернення.
 У дослідженні типової структури Порядку роботи будь-якої «гарячої лінії» визначили перелік основних вимог, що повинні фіксуватись у кожному розділі.
 Проаналізовано діяльність державної установи «Урядовий контактний центр», що забезпечує роботу урядової «гарячої лінії», фахівці якої приймають звернення до всіх центральних органів виконавчої влади.
 Акцентували увагу на Порядку взаємодії органів виконавчої влади, Секретаріату Кабінету Міністрів України та державної установи «Урядовий контактний центр», відповідно до якого здійснюється комунікація між громадянами та представниками владних структур. Не оминули увагою і Концепцію створення Національної системи опрацювання звернень громадян, реалізація якої була запланована на 2013 рік, проте на сьогодні її положення знаходиться на різних етапах виконання, а деякі пункти виконано не в повному обсязі.
 Проте, незважаючи на зазначені недоліки, можна з упевненістю говорити про урядову «гарячу лінію» як найуспішніший соціальний проект в частині взаємовідносин між громадянами та органами виконавчої влади. Саме завдяки даній «гарячій лінії» мільйони громадян і не лише з України мають змогу у цілодобовому режимі звернутись до представників влади та висловити своє невдоволення, прохання, скаргу, пропозицію, а не рідко і подяку.
 Взагаліосновна проблема полягає у недосконалості та суттєвих прогалинах існуючого законодавства у досліджуваній на ми сфері.

GUARANTEES OF THE LOYALTY OF PROVIDING PUBLIC SERVICES IN UKRAINE:

The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of guarantees of public services loyalty in Ukraine. It is proposed to include the following types of guarantees to ensure the loyalty of public services in Ukraine: appeals of decisions, actions or inactions of public administration entities on the provision of public services in court (administrative proceedings); control over the activities of public administration entities on the provision of public services; appeals of individuals (citizens and stateless persons) in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Appeals of Citizens"; bringing public servants to responcibility for refusing to provide a certain type of public service. It is established that the significance of legal guarantees of loyalty of public services provision lie in: assurance of the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen in the process of obtaining various public services; compliance with international human rights standards in the field of public services; improving the state image represented by subjects of these services; etc

Interest articulation, social stability and public governance

PurposeThe stability maintenance system has played an essential role in maintaining social stability although it also has brought about social problems worthy of attention. Admittedly compensation-based stability maintenance policy can address the appeals of citizens whose rights are infringed and the dissolving effect in the provision of compensation can save the cost of stability maintenance but such stability maintenance system lacks equilibrium.Design/methodology/approachThe establishment of a strict assessment system for stability maintenance performance can encourage the stability maintenance authorities to eliminate the “fuse effect” as much as possible and ensure the effective implementation of the stability maintenance system. However, the rigorous stability maintenance performance assessment also provides the possibility for profit-driven petitions.FindingsDue to the continuous accumulation of social dissatisfaction and the lack of stability maintenance equilibrium in the implementation of the compensation-based stability maintenance policy, public governance will fall into a stability maintenance paradox of “greater instability resulting from stability maintenance”.Originality/valueThe provision of sufficient means for the people to protect their interest by implementing measures such as strengthening the rule of law mechanisms is the key to achieve long-term social stability.

La nueva política en la España del siglo XXI

Las demandas ciudadanas de una nueva política, para que se adoptase por los actores y representantes institucionales, surgen como resultado del impacto de la gran recesión dentro de un sistema político como el español. Éste ya arrastraba deficiencias manifestadas en la particular cultura política del país. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las causas materiales que determinaron la emergencia de estas demandas ciudadanas y como terminaron por plasmarse en movimientos sociales para, finalmente ser instrumentalizadas por organizaciones partidistas.

Рассмотрение обращений граждан как элемент конституционно- правового механизма реализации конституционного права на обращение

Рассмотрение обращений граждан как элемент конституционно- правового механизма реализации конституционного права на обращение

Inadmissible appeals of citizens: problems of qualification and law enforcement practice

The right of citizens to appeal to State bodies (local self-government bodies) and freedom of speech are important constitutional institutions. However, their unscrupulous implementation may violate other constitutional values, such as the dignity, honour and good reputation of the individual.The conflict under consideration manifests itself when inadmissible appeals of citizens are submitted, namely, appeals containing unacceptable expressions or threats. At the same time, the current legal regulation of such situations is unsettled and contains in its basis assessment criteria, which leads to ambiguous practice of its application based on discretionary approach.The article reveals the problems of legal regulation of qualification of inadmissible appeals of citizens and suggests ways of their solution.

Принцип тематического соответствия в диалоге официальных писем (на материале об-ращений граждан и ответов на них)

The article discusses text pairs of business letters (citizen appeal / official response). Within the framework of official correspondence as a special type of dialogical interaction, two texts with a single topic specified in the original letter are called a text pair. The aim is to substantiate the thematic correspondence of texts forming such a pair as a significant, though not the only, criterion of the quality of business reply letters. The detailed speech analysis of the material is carried out on the basis of the categorical-textual concept, according to which the category of the topic is expressed with the help of functionally identical names of the subject of speech (thematic chain), as well as their distributors. The preliminary stage of the analysis identifies and schematizes the composition of the thematic chains of the initial and response letters; the main stage is related to the comparison of the data obtained. The comparison of the thematic chains of the initial and response letters allows objectifying the conclusions about the degree of thematic correspondence of the texts that make up the pair. These conclusions are based on the analysis of the correlation of the main and additional thematic chains of the text, and most importantly - on the nature of the reproduction of the theme set in the address in the response official letter. It is argued that the thematic correspondence of paired business letters is a necessary minimum of quality business communication.

European convention on human rights in the mechanism of implementation of the main constitutional obligation of Ukraine

After gaining independence, Ukraine has chosen a European democratic model for the formation of public and public life. A large number of appeals of citizens of Ukraine to the European Court of Human Rights testify to the effectiveness of this European institution. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the significance of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms for both the world community and for Ukraine in particular, as well as determining the factors that influence the slow pace of implementation of its provisions. Method. The method includes a detailed comprehensive analysis and synthesis of available scientific and theoretical material on selected topics. Scientific novelty. On the basis of this, grounded generalizations and recommendations for disclosing the essence of the investigated aspects of the protection of human rights and freedoms in Ukraine are made. Results. The article establishes that the adoption of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has an epoch-making significance for the whole world community as well as for Ukraine in particular. Its ratification in our country, in essence, has shifted from the place the process of transition from declarative consolidation of human rights and freedoms in the legislation to the introduction of effective mechanisms that would give a real opportunity to realize and protect them if necessary. The driving force behind this process is the European Court of Human Rights, in which Ukrainian citizens can claim Ukraine. And as practice shows, this process is quite active. In order to improve its image in the field of protection of rights and fundamental freedoms Ukraine needs to eliminate as much as possible the reasons that affect the non-enforcement of ECHR judgments and to take into account the recommendations made by the Council of Europe in this area. Practical significance. The results of the study will contribute to correcting the situation towards the real fulfillment by Ukraine of its primary duty, as provided for in Part 2 of this article. 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine.

Defects of Rendering Medical Care: Legal Consequences of Professional Noncompetence

The authors refer to the topic related to the establishment of justice in the protection of such constitutional rights as the right to life, the right to health, the right to medical assistance in determining how individuals with special knowledge, namely, medical professionals act as subjects, facilitating the implementation of these rights and monitoring them through, including legal mechanisms. The issues of ambiguous interpretation of the term «medical error» and the competence of commission forensic medical examination in assessing the quality of medical care are considered. The author cites the classification of defects in the provision of medical care. The concept of «medical error» is not used, since the term «medical error» is indifferent to the law, it is replaced by the term defining any illegal action of the doctor, namely - «defect in the provision of medical care». The authors identify the following types of defects of medical care: deliberate iatrogenic (deliberate defect) is a defect of medical care resulting from intentional crime; iatrogenic careless (negligent defect) is a defect of medical care, including signs of careless crimes; erroneous iatrogenic disease (medical error) - defects in the provision of medical care associated with a conscientious delusion of a medical worker that do not contain signs of intent or negligence; accidental iatrogenic disease (accident) - defects in the provision of medical care associated with an unforeseen coincidence, which does not exclude the lawful actions of medical workers. On the basis of acquaintance with practice of rendering medical care in work it is noted that specific weight of defects of rendering medical care and medical mistakes is rather big. The paper notes the data of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, giving the information of death due to medical errors in American hospitals. The paper deals with the subjective and objective causes of medical errors, the most common causes of medical errors are indicated. The data of monitoring of citizens’ appeals regarding the failure to comply with the provisions of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ «On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation». Analyzed appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation, containing claims in view of improper performance by medical workers of their official duties. The materials are presented taking into account the appeal to the foreign experience of regulation of these issues.

Public mood of the Kuibyshev Region residents in 1990-1991 in the context of the social history of Russia

This paper deals with 19901991 as a turning point, which marked the collapse of the policy of perestroika, the communist institutions of power became a relic of the past, metamorphoses took place in the social structure of the Soviet society. The focus of everyday life history is the reality in the interpretation of its immediate participants, who were witnesses of the events of those years. Such events can relate to different spheres of life, and participants in these events can be people of different social strata. Newspapers and magazines are considered to be an irreplaceable source of information for studying the relationship between government and society in this chronological period. Letters and appeals of citizens from the regional newspaper Volzhskaya Kommuna were taken into consideration. There were rubrics expressing public opinion about the dynamics of the perestroika policy. The emotional reaction reflected in the letters is of great interest. The sources clearly record the main tendencies and stages of the public mood that prevailed in that period, thereby transfer the political apathy that spread in the society. The information received from the sources makes a definite contribution to the study of the everyday life history and can serve as a basis for research and reveal new aspects in social history.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ В СФЕРЕ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЕЙ

Защита прав потребителей подразумевает установление конкретных прав потребителей, определение форм возможных нарушений этих прав, механизм защиты прав, а также несение ответственности за нарушение прав потребителей. Любой потребитель наделяется не только особым правовым статусом, но и получает такие правовые возможности как право требовать возмещения морального вреда при нарушении его имущественных прав.Цель – исследовать актуальные проблемы в сфере защиты прав потребителей в России (на примере Тюменской области) и предложить их решения.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использованы такие методы научного познания как анализ документов, системный, обобщения и сравнительный. Для избежания описательности и необоснованных выводов применялись статистические методы, а также аналитический подход к выявлению ключевых проблем данной сферы.Результаты: для выявления проблем в сфере защиты прав потребителей исследованы письменные обращения граждан в Управление Роспотребнадзора по Тюменской области. Рассмотрены внесудебные и судебные способы защиты прав потребителей. Приведен опыт ФРГ в этой сфере. Сформулированы ключевые проблемы, среди них: низкая правовая грамотность населения, недостаточный государственный контроль и надзор за соблюдением законодательства в этой сфере, судебная волокита и другие. Даны рекомендации по решению проблем.Область применения результатов: выводы и предложения исследования могут быть использованы для совершенствования законодательства в этой сфере, а также в судебной практике.