Circumstances Of Society Research Articles

MINORITAS MUSLIM MELAYU PATANI: PERJUANGAN HAK DAN IDENTITAS DI THAILAND

Thailand is a country that has a variety of unique characteristics, both in terms of its strategic territorial location and in terms of the various ethnicities of its people. The method that the researcher used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method by conducting a library research, then the researcher also used two historical approaches such as the Social Sciences approach and the Anthropology Approach. This is related to the discussion that the researchers discussed, namely describing a condition or circumstances of society. The aim of this study is to explain the condition of Muslims in Thailand who have the status of a religious minority, especially in the Patani region, as a religious minority, do Patani Malay Muslims get the same rights as religions with majority status such as Buddhism. Then the results of this research state that the condition of Muslims in Thailand, especially the Malay region of Patani, can be marked by the fact that they are left behind in various aspects of life such as politics, economics, education and religion and in the end this situation is what gives rise to protests from Muslims. Malay Patani which resulted in prolonged conflict.

Analisis Normatif Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Pencurian

The most essential legal basis in Indonesia is Pancasila and the 1945 constitution, in addition to other legal products. Basically there are many things that can be the cause of crime, especially from the point of view of the conditions or circumstances of society, for example poverty or economic downturn is the cause of a lot of theft, lots of juvenile delinquency, rampant corruption that causes tendencies to rebel or reluctance of people to obey the rules, regulations in force, the absence of legal certainty that can grow the seeds of hatred, especially between the weak against the strong. Likewise, the legal awareness of the general public or the local community in many ways can be seen as a symptom of a crime or crime. Theft that occurs at this time can be caused by the difficulty of finding work, due to the number of people who do not match employment opportunities, many people who drop out of school, because a school graduation certificate is a formal requirement in finding a job. Therefore, people use shortcuts, namely working a little and can make a lot of money, even by committing the crime of theft that violates the law. Punishments or crimes that can ensnare those who are proven to have committed the crime of theft, namely imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years for ordinary theft or imprisonment for a maximum of 9 (nine) years, if the theft was preceded, accompanied or followed by violence and even the death penalty or imprisonment for life if the crime of theft is committed by two or more persons which results in serious injury or death of a person. The crime of theft is regulated in Chapter XXII Book II of the Criminal Code (KUHP), there are 5 articles that regulate the crime of theft consisting of Articles 362, 363, 364, 365 and 367.

THE RELATIVE IMPACT OF CRIMES AT THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS

The law in general seeks to protect the foundations or pillars of society that are deemed necessary by satisfying specific needs upon which the comprehensive edifice of society stands. Or for fear of being affected by a crime that entails the responsibility of the perpetrator and then the imposition of a penalty on him, and the methods of criminal protection vary according to the place and time and depending on the circumstances of society and the foundations and pillars on which it is built, and these foundations or pillars are considered by the legislator as (interests) suitable in his assessment to satisfy a specific human need such as Security, public office, public and private money, life and body safety. The crime, whatever it may be, is an aggression against an interest that is protected by law, and the national criminal law is responsible for defining the interests that are subject to criminal protection. The crime is established whenever a person assaults one of these interests, causing harm to it or exposing it to the danger of harming it.

Uloga države u posebnim okolnostima

The role of state administration and its public institutions in certain circumstances represents one of the most significant issues in the last twenty years following the serious security crisis caused by terrorist attacks in New York on 11 September 2001. The accent of public administration reforms was on efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions. Reforms were divided into deregulation and liberalization of public services, territorial decentralization, and regionalization with the strengthening of local government institutions and reform of central government administration. After the security crisis in 2001, financial crisis in 2008 and health crisis in 2020, the role of state institutions and public authorities in governing the state was redefined. The leading motives of general liberalization of public services, deregulation, and various forms of decentralization of public institutions abounded due to the new doctrinal approach of governmental organization. New strengthening of public authorities and public institutions became the new mainstream in the organization and functioning of the state. This paper analyzes how the role of the state can be modified due to the dynamics of social, political, and economic changes in society. New governmental reforms are contrary to earlier political and administrative measures, which include the strengthening of public institutions and concentration of public authorities. The government takes on a regulatory function in many aspects of social, political, and economic life. This situation leads to a new organization of the state, where public authorities take on a significant part of the responsibility to regulate various aspects of economic and social activities. At the focus of this paper will be how the dynamics of specific circumstances in society can affect the developing processes of the state and their public institutions. Those processes have economic, social, and political dimensions. The economic dimension includes regulatory measures on the market which contributes to development of the framework for economic development. The social dimension includes measures of social policy focused on improving the social position of citizens according to the economic development of society. The political dimension includes various aspects of security policy, with various protective measures in the community, which depends on the type of treatment for security of citizens.

Reproductive Decisions of the 1970–1984 Cohort Born in Lithuania

Even though childbirth in developed societies is increasingly associated with compromises in pursuit of a professional career, education, or other important goals, parenthood has remained an important significant life stage in the process of family formation. Change of structural and contextual circumstances influences the decision of individuals on whether to have children or not, and this increasingly depends on the desire to fulfil personal wishes and satisfy personal needs. Using qualitative research, this paper analyzes the reproductive decisions of a cohort born in Lithuania during the period of 1970–1984. The research informants are often referred to as a generation of a “natural social experiment”; a generation that experienced an active stage of family life in the conditions of drastic societal change. An analysis of personal accounts displays that for this generation, marriage had been the most favourable form of family formation, and procreative decisions were greatly influenced by the prevailing contextual circumstances in society. Maintaining the sequence of normativity of the life course created favourable conditions for those born in Lithuania in 1970–1984 to have children, and procreative expectations were associated with the institutionalization of family relations.

Determinants of Perceptions of Poverty; A Case of Townships in Gauteng Province of South Africa

Poverty reduction policies and interventions are only effective if the poor themselves own the process and believe in the process being implemented. The way people perceive poverty is to a greater extent informed by their position and economic circumstances in society. The conservative theorist of poverty argue that the poor are lazy and hence would tend to blame the society and the structures thereof. Assertions in the culture of poverty by Oscar Lewis imply that the poor may become comfortable in their poverty and hence may ignore any efforts that would change their circumstances. The liberal theories on the other hand argue that those in poverty perceive poverty as a result of an evil and an unequal system. However, these are general expectations and yet they are not always the same across countries and regions. This paper examines the perceptions of the causes of poverty as conceived by the people living in selected South African townships. The paper used data that was collected in the Gauteng Province South Africa in 2019-2020. Based on the Feagin scale of perceptions of the causes of poverty, the main categories namely, fatalistic, structural and individualistic, are considered between the different households. The results show that the poor to a greater extend agree with the structural perceptions of causes of poverty whilst those that are above the poverty line assign their position to hard work and hence blame the poor for their own circumstances mostly agreeing with the individualistic perception of causes of poverty.

Eksistensi Nilai Sosial Budaya Ndeu Paki Oi Mbaru Pada Masyarakat Donggo Kabupaten Bima

This study aims to determine the existence of the social value of the ndeu paki oi mbaru community of donggo, bima regency. this research is a qualitative descriptive research that aims to explain a situation or reality carefully and in accordance with the circumstances in society. the subjects in this research can be selected by purposive sampling, namely by determining the informants who have competence and know a problem to be studied. the number of informants in this study were 20 people. the informants who were targeted in this study were community members who were married, those who were not married, and those who were about to get married. an urgent problem in this research is the fading identity of the paki oi mbaru ceremony, currently in the donggo traditional wedding ceremony, the donggo community has rarely carried out the ceremony before the marriage contract. from this phenomenon, researchers will study the existence of the paki oi mbaru ceremony in the donggo community, bima regency. The results showed that the paki oi mbaru ceremony was rarely practiced by the donggo community, bima regency. the causes of the disappearance of the ndeu paki oi mbaru ceremony in the donggo community are as follows; 1. the internal factor of the community itself because it does not attach importance to tradition and culture from generation to generation and there is an assumption that when carrying out traditions it only costs a lot of money and wastes a lot of time. 2. external factors, namely contact with other cultures, such as cultural acculturation, the influence of mass media and modernization. The conclusion of this study is that the ndeu paki oi mbaru ceremony is no longer carried out by the donggo community in general, except that only certain people still carry it out and even then only a few of the existing donggo community.

Eksistensi Nilai Sosial Budaya Ndeu Paki Oi Mbaru Pada Masyarakat Donggo Kabupaten Bima

This study aims to determine the existence of the social value of the ndeu paki oi mbaru community of donggo, bima regency. this research is a qualitative descriptive research that aims to explain a situation or reality carefully and in accordance with the circumstances in society. the subjects in this research can be selected by purposive sampling, namely by determining the informants who have competence and know a problem to be studied. the number of informants in this study were 20 people. the informants who were targeted in this study were community members who were married, those who were not married, and those who were about to get married. an urgent problem in this research is the fading identity of the paki oi mbaru ceremony, currently in the donggo traditional wedding ceremony, the donggo community has rarely carried out the ceremony before the marriage contract. from this phenomenon, researchers will study the existence of the paki oi mbaru ceremony in the donggo community, bima regency. The results showed that the paki oi mbaru ceremony was rarely practiced by the donggo community, bima regency. the causes of the disappearance of the ndeu paki oi mbaru ceremony in the donggo community are as follows; 1. the internal factor of the community itself because it does not attach importance to tradition and culture from generation to generation and there is an assumption that when carrying out traditions it only costs a lot of money and wastes a lot of time. 2. external factors, namely contact with other cultures, such as cultural acculturation, the influence of mass media and modernization. The conclusion of this study is that the ndeu paki oi mbaru ceremony is no longer carried out by the donggo community in general, except that only certain people still carry it out and even then only a few of the existing donggo community.

Impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on household activities in a sample of Kuwaiti and Saudi populations.

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic, partial lockdown has been used as a strict mechanism to constrain the spread of the disease. This study aims to investigate whether there are significant differences between socio‐demographic variables and household and family activities before and during the partial lockdown in Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. A descriptive cross‐sectional method was used in this study. Online surveys were distributed via WhatsApp to a convenience non‐probability sample of 728 participants. The survey contained socio‐demographic information and a 22‐item questionnaire of activities that participants practiced before and during the partial lockdown. An IBM SPSS (25.0) package was utilised to analyse the data. The study found that males and homemakers reported obvious changes for both house and family activities before and during the lockdown. Participants between 40 and 49 years old reported higher scores for family activities before the lockdown. Married participants reported higher scores for house and family activities during the lockdown. The outcomes of this study demonstrate that under certain circumstances in society, cultural gender activities may change due to various reasons such as health precaution regulations, prevention policies, and social isolation.

University social responsibility and empathy in organizations during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between empathy and social responsibility (SR) practices in a university organization in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe research was qualitative, using case study methodology. The case study was about the Brazilian organization Ânima Educação, which is the greatest among the five largest publicly traded education companies in Brazil. Secondary data collection and content analysis was carried out.FindingsAs emotional response toward the problems caused by the pandemic, the company's leadership adopted an empathic behavior, allowing traces of its empathic culture to emerge. Empathy was expressed through the implementation of SR practices aimed at workers (policy of not firing in the first two months of the pandemic), at students (provision of technological apparatus, online classes, physical/psychological assistance and negotiation of late fees) and at the society (assistance to the elderly).Originality/valueIt was concluded that empathy can be taken as the emotional motivator for companies to engage in SR practices, especially in extreme circumstances in society, as the economic and health challenges that the world is experiencing with the COVID-19 pandemic nowadays. SR practices, in turn, can foster even more empathy in organizations, mobilizing leaders and their respective groups in the creation and implementation of new practices, thus demonstrating that the relationship between empathy and SR practices is a “two-way street.”

THE FRAMING OF WOMEN’S IDEAL BODY IN AMERICAN SOCIETY IN INSTAGRAM ILLUSTRATIONS BY JULIE HOUTS (@JOOLEELOREN)

This study aims to learn about the framing of women’s ideal body in Julie Houts’ illustrations and the factors that shape the frames. Conducted within American Studies, this study borrows Entman’s framing theory. This study applies qualitative and inductive methods to interpret the data. This study found that the framing highlights how women’s ideal body is limited to one body type. A thin, youthful appearance is often considered the ideal appearance for women. Tan skin is another aspect regarded as the ideal appearance for women. Thinness, youthful appearance, and tan skin are desired because they signify health, reflecting society’s obsession with health. The obsession with health often renders health a matter of appearance and gives power to those who look “healthy.” The benefits of having the ideal body often outweigh the risks women may bear from pursuing the ideal body. As women’s ideal body is limited to a thin, youthful appearance with tan skin, discrimination often occurs against women who do not match the ideal. Circumstances in society and the perception of women’s bodies become the factors that shape what is considered the ideal body.

National culture and the entrepreneurial intentions of students in Serbia .

The paper presents the results of research into the influence of national culture on the enterprise potential, individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intentions of students in Serbia. The moderating and mediating effects of the possession of finance for opening one’s own company item on the observed relations were examined. National culture has a positive influence on entrepreneurship in cases where young people want to overcome the unfavourable circumstances in society and engage in entrepreneurship in order to become independent. In the case of a poor financial situation a stable environment is what can encourage the launch of one's own business.

THE HEALTH PRESERVATION IN A CONSUMER SOCIETY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE DIALECTIC CATEGORIES OF “ESSENCE” AND “PHENOMENON”

Introduction. During each historical period, the issue of health preservation acquires new essence characteristics which are determined by the transformations of social systems. Under the modern overconsumption society circumstances, put on the current socio-economic and political situation in Ukraine, the problem of internal nature and systemic inter-influences of such phenomenon as health preservation becomes extremely stressed and urgent. Purpose: to analyze the semantic features of the dialectical categories of essence and phenomenon in the context of the personal health-preserving activity of the individual in today’s over-consumption society. Methods. Studying such phenomena as health and consumer society is interdisciplinary. Pluralism of approaches allows us to develop an effective theoretical and methodological basis in order to form alternative socio-philosophical views in the context of consumer risk reduction. The methodological basis of this article is a comparative approach which made it possible to match individual phenomena in health preservation in today’s consumption society. Results. Health preservation is often equated with caring for one’s physical and mental health, with healthy eating habits and sports. It is clear that for regular caregiving, the person must be motivated and characterized by willpower, self-discipline, and awareness of a healthy lifestyle. In other words, health preservation, as a process and as a phenomenon as a whole is extremely positive and beneficial in its essence. However, this positive characteristic of health preservation as a phenomenon would be real only if the person were not involved in other processes and phenomena that fundamentally change its positive nature. In the socio-cultural space of a consumer society, we have the opportunity to observe the distortion of the productive nature of health preservation, which is outlined not only by people’s desire to be healthy, and careful treatment of themselves but also by the artificially created motives and externally stimulated needs of their health-preserving activity. Conclusion. In a society of consumption, people’s health-preserving activity is in the space of increasing risks that are not being considered to be a threat because they are perceived as the satisfaction of needs and realization of desires. As a result, the substitution of concepts in the phenomenon of health preservation and distortion of its positive essence is taking place.

Legal Pluralism, Customary Law and Women’s Rights

This article examines the challenges legal pluralism poses in legal systems, especially in relation to conflicts between customary norms and the Bill of Rights and the need to contextualise customary law in order to resolve the need to adapt it to changing societal needs and values. The article focuses on African customary law, African legal systems and women’s rights because it is a burning issue in Africa and was the subject-matter in several of the cases that came before the South African Constitutional Court during the time Justice Ngcobo was on the Court. Cases involving conflicts between customary law and gender rights are not unique to South Africa. These are issues that have engaged African courts and those elsewhere in the world. In Africa, the coexistence of customary law and received law is as old as colonial rule. Like all other systems of law, customary law has been influenced by various other forces in an ever-changing world. The article focuses on customary law and women’s rights. Justice Ngcobo’s approach to resolving conflicts between customary law and the Bill of Rights in constitutions is instructive and makes a significant contribution to the jurisprudence in this area of the law. In his opinions on customary law, especially in the Bhe case, he implores us to look at the social context in which customary rules originated and, before discarding them, to examine the possibility of developing them to meet the changing needs and circumstances of society.

PERILAKU KONSUMSI DAN PRODUKSI KOMUNITAS PENGGEMAR MUSIK VOCALOID DI JEPANG 2008-2012

AbstractThis thesis discusses about fan culture, as seen from the behavior of consumption, production patterns and fans motivations, especially from the VOCALOID music fans in Japan. VOCALOID is a current phenomenon in Japan, which started since the outbreak of software called Desktop Music. VOCALOID fans have formed large communities that can be called a fandom. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of consumption and production patterns made by commu- nity of VOCALOID music fans as well as their motivation to like the music as a fan culture. This VOCALOID music fans are different from the consumption process as other fans. They are doing some production activities which differ them from other fans. This means that they are an active fans. They are capable of generating the economic value of its own. Their motivation for liking VOCALOID music was influenced by their society circumstances. The motivation of the fans is what brought them together. In accordance with the concept expressed by Henry Jenkins, that the majority of the fans are interested in the minutiae of the object of their fandom and spend most of their time and energy to engage in certain activities commonly conducted by the fandom. Activities undertaken by individuals in this fandom that can be regarded as fan culture.Keyword: consumption; fan culture; Japan; motivation; production; VOCALOID;

PERAN KOMITE MADRASAH DAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

“The relationship of madrasah with society is essentially a very instrumental in fostering and developing personal growth of learners in madrasah, in this case madrasah as a social system is an integral part of the larger system of society. On the other hand, madrasah should support the achievement of community goals, especially education needs. Therefore, madrasah should also know clearly what the needs and circumstances of society, especially against madrasah. The cause of the low quality of education in Indonesia certainly can not be separated from the role and leadership of a teacher as top leadernya. The madrasah committee has an important role as a giver of balance, support, control, and as a mediator between government and society in educational units. Head of madrasah as top leader in Islamic education institution hence head of madrasah of course have role of strategy in influencing all stakeholder of madrasah to reach goal of education of Islam. Together the madrasah committee and the head of madrasah in improving the quality of Islamic education in madrasah.”

EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE VALUE-LADEN ATTITUDE TO FAMILY AND MARRIAGE IN THE COURSE OF MATURING IN STUDENTS OF GRADUATE SCHOOLS

The paper presented the outcomes of empirical research focused on the study of a phenomenon of a value-related cultural identity of an individual, in particular, of the valueladen attitude to family and marriage. Urgency to elaborate the scope of this issue was reasonably conditioned by some negative trends typical of the contemporary society, namely amputation of family values, nowadays intention of young people to enter into a common-law marriage (an unregistered one), etc. Following conceptions have constituted the conceptual grounds of the survey: the Vygotsky' concept of culture’ timespan in personal maturing, and particularly the point about impact that advancement of the social setup exerts on the full-scale shaping of the self; the concept of operation elaborated by Leontiev A.N. and Rubinstein S.L., in particular the point about contribution made by conscious activity to the shaping of an individual self that the scientists have found out; the concepts produced by Burlachenko D.S. (and particularized in the paper, in terms of the current level of social and cultural medium’ advancement) on impact exerted by the social and cultural medium on the shaping of value orientations in individuals. An inference from the outcomes of empirical study specified an independent impact the circumstances of society’ advancement exert on both the value-related cultural identity of an individual in a whole, and the value-laden attitude to marriage and family being integral constituents of it.

Some Aspects of the Juvenile Delinquency in Albania

The phenomenon of the juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Albania, likewise the other countries of the world, has been persisting and evolving induced by a variety of factors featuring both the individuals and the society, in the objective circumstances of which minors create their own personalities. Minors are human beings in a growing and developing process characterized by certain crossroads leading them to the age of maturity. The respective society circumstances and its many problems have an obvious effect into the delicate process of minors’ growth and development. It is for this reason that understanding everything regarding the “minor” problem requires both technical cognition and human skills. The behavioral negative aspects drawing people’s attention can generally be observed more in youth rather than in the adult ages. Moreover, it would be better considering the present-day juvenile delinquency as the tomorrow’s adult criminality. The aim of this study is to consider juvenile delinquency as a concept, theoretically, summarized and as a phenomenon having its own specific causes, alongside understanding the infant delinquent’s figure and personality. By means of the statistical data, it is possible to reveal the most consumed penal acts committed by minors in the Republic of Albania. This work will be introduced according to the following structure; Understanding juvenile delinquency and its distinctions from other similar concepts; The profile of juvenile delinquents; Volume and types of the penal acts committed by minors in Albania; Juvenile delinquency in terms of gender; Recommendations concerning the juvenile delinquency problems in the Albanian state. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s2p105

The Impact of Technological Developments on the Contextual Imperatives of Performance in the Delivery of Verbal Folklore

Folk material delivery, particularly storytelling and other folk arts like folk dance and drama, in the past suffered proper perception and in-depth analysis because they were difficult to comprehend or deliver textually or even reduce to printed text and still maintain their efficacy. For this reason, they suffered from lack of proper analysis. However, today’s technological world now subjects them to rigorous scrutiny due to the sophistication of electronic media like video tapes and cameras which are employed in the recording of performances. This development has largely helped to highlight the intricacies of contextually centered performances which properly aggregate to the artist his central role in the perception of oral narratives. With the development of these electronic machines, contextual performance studies are now gaining grounds while contextual theories are enunciated and emphasized in the study of folklore all within the collaborative fields of Sociology, Anthropology and Literature. However, the usefulness of these technological developments notwithstanding, their impact on the effective delivery of folk narratives within the actual context of production i.e. within performance, still leaves much to be desired. This is obvious from the fact that the exposure of the artist or performer to the glare of klieg lights or even the presence of the camera in a performance session changes the entire atmosphere of the performance. Of course, it can be argued that all of these reactions constitute the totality of the performers’ perception of his milieu or the changing circumstances in society which impacts on the delivery of folk material. The vital questions that still remain are, does the artist respond to technological development or to traditional societal demands of shaping the consciousness of the growing youthful population and Is this technology impacting positively or negatively? These are pertinent questions because despite the fast developing cosmopolitan status of African countries, the bulk of the population still reside in traditional societies that lay emphasis on traditional values, norms and practices in the education of their youths. The artists’ role should therefore be to propagate and portray these cherished values rather than allow for the bastardization of culture through profuse responses to technological demands that impact negatively on the perception of youths. Watch, for instance, the impact of television viewing on children in the metropolis and their responses to elders or parental attempts to control their perception of life. Using the Bakor society as an example therefore, this paper stresses the need for an emphasis on contextual delivery of folk materials that root for tradition rather than those that emphasize blind modernization which kills respect for traditional values.

The RTPI's Education Commission: Context and challenges

This paper is written by the team that supported the RTPI's Education Commissioners in their review of planning education during 2001–02. The paper describes the process of conducting the review and the recommendations of the Commission's final report. It includes an exploration of the background to the report which was conducted during the research and consultation phase. This review of planning education, the most comprehensive in 50 years in the UK, is a response to changing circumstances in society, the profession and education. The societal changes described are global and national, in communications and employment. The changing profession of planning is traced through the last century in terms of disciplinary influences and the spread of planning activity. Finally changes in planning education, its priorities and modes of delivery are examined.