Diseases Of Circulatory System Research Articles

Health risk assessment of ultrafine particle movement in children's residential spaces based on probabilistic neural networks

The air quality in children's living spaces has a significant impact on their health, and ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5), as one of the main pollutants in the air, poses a particularly prominent threat to children's respiratory and immune systems. Therefore, it important to conduct health risk assessment on ultrafine particle exercise in children's living spaces. In this article, an intelligent risk assessment model of ultrafine atmospheric particles in children's sports space in residential areas based on probabilistic neural network (PNN) is studied. This model utilizes probabilistic neural networks to monitor and predict ultrafine particles in residential spaces, evaluating their potential risks to children's health. By collecting relevant data such as particulate matter concentration and air quality index in residential spaces, and using probabilistic neural networks for training and prediction, accurate assessment of the health risks of ultrafine particulate matter during exercise can be achieved. This model can be applied to densely populated places such as families and schools, providing parents and relevant institutions with scientific risk warning and prevention measures to ensure the health and safety of children. Probabilistic neural networks can learn and simulate complex nonlinear relationships, making the model more accurate in predicting the concentration of ultrafine particles and health risks. So as to construct a method system of health risk assessment of atmospheric particles, and the model is heavy metal elements in atmospheric fine particles, and corresponding improvement measures are put forward according to the assessment results. For circulatory system diseases, the degree of harm of atmospheric temperature and fine particles to children's health is basically close, and with the continuous decline of temperature, the synergistic effect of the two is more obvious. The concentration of atmospheric ultrafine particles significantly affects the health risk of children's sports activities space. All the experiments in this article are quite good. Among them, the average accuracy of the PNN health risk identification model is 0.840, and the average recall rate is 0.837. The health risk assessment model in this article strengthens the correlation of data information through scientific methods, grasps the basic information of children's sports activity spaces in residential areas, and formulates targeted sports health risk assessments for children's sports activity spaces in residential areas. Compared with the comparison method, the response speed is significantly improved, with an accuracy rate of over 90%.

Ultrasound Tissue Engineering Technology for Regulating Immune Microenvironment

AbstractThe immune microenvironment is critical for the occurrence, progression, and treatment of diseases. Ultrasound tissue engineering technology utilizes ultrasound and the principles of tissue engineering to repair, regenerate, and functionally reconstruct biological tissues. Ultrasound therapy is a non‐invasive treatment modality that regulates the immune microenvironment and maintains homeostasis through various characteristic effects. Ultrasound‐responsive biomaterials utilize biological properties or drug/gene delivery to regulate the immune microenvironment under ultrasound stimulation for targeted and purposeful treatment. This article comprehensively and systematically reviews advancements in ultrasound tissue engineering technology for regulating the immune microenvironment. First, the changes in the immune microenvironment at different stages of the disease is briefly illustrated. It is then reviewed the regulation of the immune microenvironment by ultrasound and ultrasound‐responsive biomaterials in five types of diseases: tumor, cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and wound. Finally, the prospects of the ultrasound tissue engineering technology for regulating the immune microenvironment is summarized.

The gender aspects of changes in mortality during COVID-19 pandemic as exemplified by Moscow

The mortality is a major component of damage caused by COVID-19. The comparative analysis of changes in mortality was carried out on the basis of the ROSSTAT data over 2012-2020 to determine differences in losses of male and female population caused by pandemic in Moscow. It is demonstrated that at close trends in mortality of males and females before pandemic, in 2020 their mortality changed differently. At equal increase of male and female mortality, main contribution into excess mortality (excluding contribution of COVID-19) was made approximately equally by diseases of nervous system and circulatory system in males and diseases of nervous system in females. The male mortality from COVID-19 is 1.9 times higher than female mortality. As a result of younger average age of death the amount of economic losses in terms of years of potential life lost (PYLL) due to premature death of males because of COVID-19 exceeds economic losses due to premature death of females up to 2 times. Although the average age of death of females from all causes decreased by smaller amount, their values of PYLL increased more, mainly due to higher rate of female mortality from disease of nervous system and from mortality related to drug addiction. In Moscow, the highest increase of PYLL is conditioned by dearth related to drug addiction and alcohol consumption. In the structure of this indicator in males they are ranked fourth and fifth. In females, alcohol-related deaths are ranked as sixth and drug-related deaths as eighth. The pandemic, contributing into increase in economic losses, didn't change their leading causes: diseases of circulatory system, external causes and neoplasms in males; neoplasms, diseases of circulatory system and external causes in females. The value of PYLL due to death from COVID-19 takes sixth place in males and fourth place in females.

Role of Some Nanoparticles in Certain Cardiovascular System Diseases. A Review

This paper gives a general overview of the many cardiovascular disorders and the therapy options that use certain nanoparticles. In order to provide tailored drug delivery to cardiovascular tissues and their biomarkers for treatment, it highlights and analyzes pertinent initiatives and advancements. The purpose of this review is to clarify the crucial and significant role that medication carriers based on nanoparticles play in the heart. This paper gives a general overview of the many cardiovascular disorders and the possible treatment options that make use of certain nanoparticles (silver, platinum, cadmium, and gold). In order to deliver tailored medications to cardiovascular tissues and associated biomarkers, it emphasizes and analyzes the pertinent efforts and advancements that have been made. We conclude that because of the qualities of nanoparticles and Nano carriers, like better target specificity and sensitivity, as well as passive and active targeting to heart tissue, the discipline of cardiology has been very interested in using them. Reportedly, nanotechnology can be used to efficiently treat a wide range of cardiovascular diseases.

12-Lead ECG Reconstruction Based on Data From the First Limb Lead.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) data obtained from 12 leads are the most common and informative source for analyzing the cardiovascular system's (CVS) condition in medical practice. However, the large number of electrodes, specific placements on the body, and the need for specialized equipment make the ECG acquisition procedure complex and cumbersome. This raises the challenge of reducing the number of ECG leads by reconstructing missing leads based on available data. Most existing methods for reconstructing missing ECG leads rely on utilizing signals simultaneously from multiple known leads. This study proposes a method for reconstructing ECG data in 12 leads using signal data from the first lead, lead I. Such an approach can significantly simplify the ECG registration procedure. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using unique models with a developed architecture of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate the reconstructed ECG signals. Fragments of ECG from lead I, with a duration of 128 samples and a sampling frequency of 100 Hz, are input to the models. ECG fragments can be extracted from the original signal at arbitrary time points. Each model generates an ECG signal of the same length at its output for the corresponding lead. Despite existing limitations, the proposed method surpasses known solutions regarding ECG generation quality when using a single lead. The study shows that introducing an additional feature of the direction of the electrical axis of the heart (EAH) as input to the ANN models enhances the generation quality. The quality of ECG generation by the proposed ANN models is found to be dependent on the presence of CVS diseases. The developed ECG reconstruction method holds significant potential for use in portable registration devices, screening procedures, and providing support for medical decision-making by healthcare specialists.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension.

Hypertension, a common cardiovascular disease, is primarily characterized by vascular remodeling. Recent extensive research has led to significant progress in understanding its mechanisms. Traditionally, vascular remodeling has been described as a unidirectional process in which blood vessels undergo adaptive remodeling or maladaptive remodeling. Adaptive remodeling involves an increase in vessel diameter in response to increased blood flow, while maladaptive remodeling refers to the narrowing or thickening of blood vessels in response to pathological conditions. However, recent research has revealed that vascular remodeling is much more complex. It is now understood that vascular remodeling is a dynamic interplay between various cellular and molecular events. This interplay process involves different cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, as well as their interactions with the extracellular matrix. Through these interactions, blood vessels undergo intricate and dynamic changes in structure and function in response to various stimuli. Moreover, vascular remodeling involves various factors and mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS), oxidative stress, inflammation, the extracellular matrix (ECM), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and mechanical stress that impact the arterial wall. These factors may lead to vascular and circulatory system diseases and are primary causes of long-term increases in systemic vascular resistance in hypertensive patients. Additionally, the presence of stem cells in adventitia, media, and intima of blood vessels plays a crucial role in vascular remodeling and disease development. In the future, research will focus on examining the underlying mechanisms contributing to hypertensive vascular remodeling to develop potential solutions for hypertension treatment. This review provides us with a fresh perspective on hypertension and vascular remodeling, undoubtedly sparking further research efforts aimed at uncovering more potent treatments and enhanced preventive and control measures for this disease.

Comparison of pre-and postoperative medication costs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery - a nationwide data analysis.

Bariatric surgery has known health benefits and may lower the medication-related costs. This study aimed to assess the cost of medications prior to and after bariatric surgery in the Polish nationwide registry. The study included 2,390 adults. The analysis was conducted separately for a 12-month pre-operative period, and a 12-month postoperative period. The total costs of medication and cost per anatomical therapeutic chemical group were assessed and the mean cost per patient in the preoperative and postoperative periods was compared. The study showed a significant increase in the overall medication costs and mean costs of medications per patient in the year after bariatric surgery. This increase was related mainly to low-molecular-weight heparins used in the 1st month after surgery. Alternatively, costs of medication used in the cardiovascular system diseases and anti-infectives decreased significantly. The total costs of hypoglycemic agents were reduced by 46%, antihypertensive medications by 29%, and lipid-lowering drugs by 38. In general, medication costs are higher in the first year after surgery. The increase results from the perioperative use of low-molecular-weight heparins, whereas a significant cost reduction of glucose-, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti-infective medications was observed.

Morbidity of circulatory diseases among the working-age population in the Far Eastern federal district in 2012–2021

Aim. To study the indicators and regional features of circulatory disease morbidity among the able-bodied population in the Far Eastern Federal District for the 2012–2021 period.Material and methods. A descriptive statistical study was conducted. The indicators of incidence and prevalence rates of circulatory system diseases, including ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, were calculated according to the data published by the Russian Research Institute of Health. To assess the statistical significance of differences in the incidence rate in 2020 and 2021 relative to the 2012–2019 period, a 95% CI for the average incidence rate in 2012–2019 was used by generating repeated samples. Differences in the incidence and prevalence rates in 2020 and 2021 above the upper or below the lower CI boundary for the average values in 2012–2019 were considered statistically significant.Results. An analysis of the incidence and prevalence rates of circulatory system diseases among the working-age population in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2012–2021 was carried out. The obtained data are characterized by a significant variability and heterogeneity of indicators, showing significant differences from the all-Russian data for the 2012–2019 period. Changes in the incidence and prevalence rates of circulatory system diseases in the Far Eastern Federal District during the spread of COVID-19 in 2020–2021 were found to be multidirectional. In general, the statistically significant increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2020 and 2021 is largely associated with the growth of indicators in the Khabarovsk Krai.Conclusions. The obtained characteristics of the incidence and prevalence rates of circulatory system diseases, including ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, indicate the presence of pronounced regional characteristics. The revealed multiple differences in the morbidity rates in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District require further research to determine their priority and significance for monitoring the health of the population.

Factors affecting treatment outcomes of hospital injury patients in Korea.

To analyze the characteristics of hospital injured patients and the factors that affect treatment results. We used the data from the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey from 2019 to 2021 of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), 18,037 people who experienced hospital injury accidents were analyzed. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, general characteristics and injury-related characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired injuries were collected. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis of complex sampling design. The significance of all statistical analyses was verified at the p-value (<0.05) level. Variables that significantly affected the death of patients with hospital injuries were gender, age, route of admission, type of hospital injury, principal diagnosis, and length of stay (p < 0.05). The risk of death was 3.174 times (95% confidence interval: 2.376-4.238) higher when neoplasm was the principal diagnosis compared to cases with principal diagnosis of other systems. It is necessary to do patient safety education to help medical personnel be more aware of groups of patients who had a high risk of death from hospital damage, such as male and elderly patients, patients who admitted through the emergency room, and patients whose principal diagnosis was neoplasm, circulatory system, or respiratory system disease.

Prevalence of circulatory system diseases in Italy

Prevalence of circulatory system diseases in Italy

Deep-STP: a deep learning-based approach to predict snake toxin proteins by using word embeddings.

Snake venom contains many toxic proteins that can destroy the circulatory system or nervous system of prey. Studies have found that these snake venom proteins have the potential to treat cardiovascular and nervous system diseases. Therefore, the study of snake venom protein is conducive to the development of related drugs. The research technologies based on traditional biochemistry can accurately identify these proteins, but the experimental cost is high and the time is long. Artificial intelligence technology provides a new means and strategy for large-scale screening of snake venom proteins from the perspective of computing. In this paper, we developed a sequence-based computational method to recognize snake toxin proteins. Specially, we utilized three different feature descriptors, namely g-gap, natural vector and word 2 vector, to encode snake toxin protein sequences. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), gradient-boost decision tree algorithm (GBDT) combined with incremental feature selection (IFS) were used to optimize the features, and then the optimized features were input into the deep learning model for model training. The results show that our model can achieve a prediction performance with an accuracy of 82.00% in 10-fold cross-validation. The model is further verified on independent data, and the accuracy rate reaches to 81.14%, which demonstrated that our model has excellent prediction performance and robustness.

Diagnostic psychiatric and somatic comorbidity in patients with depression in the Western Balkan countries.

This paper aims to examine the frequency and significance of diagnostic comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and somatic diseases in a sample of patients with depression as well as present current psychopharmacological treatment of the patients in the sample. The subjects in this study sample were 489 patients from the four Western Balkan countries with current primary diagnosis of major depression according to ICD 10. Comorbid psychiatric disorders and non-psychiatric illnesses were noted according to ICD 10 criteria during the diagnostic interview and analysed later. Additionally, the pharmacological treatment (existing and newly introduced) for each patient was noted and analysed later. At least one comorbid psychiatric disorder was present in 72.5% of patients. The most frequent were anxiety disorders (53.6%), specifically generalized anxiety disorder (20.2%); non-organic sleep disorders (50.7%), specifically insomnia (48.4%); and sexual dysfunctions (21.4%), specifically lack of sexual desire (20.2%). Comorbidity with any non-psychiatric illness was present in 80.3% of patients. The most frequent were circulatory system diseases (55.9%), specifically hypertension (45.9%); endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders (51.3%), specifically hyperlipidaemia (24.0%); and other non-psychiatric disorders (60.7%), specifically low back pain (22.7%). All patients received pharmacological treatment with different medications. Most patients received monotherapy or combination therapy of antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics and antiepileptics. The most frequently used antidepressants were escitalopram, sertraline, and duloxetine. The most frequently used anxiolytics were alprazolam and diazepam, the most used antiepileptic was pregabalin, and the most used antipsychotics were olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole. The results of the study confirm the results of previous research studies about the high prevalence of psychiatric and non-psychiatric comorbidities in patients with depression that were conducted in the past. It would be important if future studies could prove the importance of those comorbidities on clinical severity, choice of treatment, and its outcome in patients with depression.

Space Alpha Particle Fluxes towards the Earth's Surface Increase Human Mortality – Examples from the Balkans and Greece

A dangerous phenomenon for humanity is described. In the joint analysis of data from satellites in orbit around the Earth and from the health statistics source EUROSTAT, it became clear that, by some mechanism, flows of positively charged particles with high energy entering the Earth's orbit increase mortality on the planet's surface. The increase in mortality from the most deadly group of diseases for humanity – circulatory system diseases is by an average of 5% to 15% in a zone of maximum risk in the Northern Hemisphere, parallel to the equator and bounded by the parallels of 30° and 50° north latitude. Examples are given for the Balkans and Greece confirming the described phenomenon. A hypothetical mechanism based on observational evidence has been proposed, according to which this dangerous phenomenon is due to solar alpha particles of high energy sufficient to overcome the resistance of the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface in a limited area of maximum death impact

Tendencies in disability of the population as a result of malignant neoplasms in Ukraine (on the example of the Poltavia region).

Aim: To study the dynamics of the prevalence and structure of primary disability, including due to cancer, among the population of the Poltava region. Materials and Methods: The study used a retrospective analysis - the depth of the research search was six years (2019-2023); a comparative analysis - to establish the differences in disability indicators. Determining the trends of disability: analyzing the dynamic series. Results: The rate of initial disability due to neoplasms (including malignant) for 2019-2023 in Ukraine population is generally stable with a slight downward trend, in the Poltava region, there is a slight downward trend during the years 2019-2021, starting from 2022, begins to increase sharply, while throughout Ukraine the indicator remains stable. Among the able-bodied population of the Poltava region: if until 2021 the picture is identical to the indicators among the adult population, then starting from 2022 the disability of this contingent in the Poltava region begins to increase, while in Ukraine - to decrease. In 2023 among the population of the Poltava region, diseases of the musculoskeletal system became the cause of disability in 20.5 per 10,000 working-age population (І rank place) ; from circulatory system diseases was 12.3 (ІІ rank place); the rate of disability from a neoplasm is 16.1(ІІІ rank place). Conclusions: Analysis of the dynamics and structure of disabling pathology is important and necessary, as it allows to identify diseases that lead to permanent disability, as well as to develop medical and social measures to prevent disability.

Evaluation of fibromyalgia symptoms in patients with nasal septum deviation

Aim: To examine the symptoms and effects of fibromyalgia in patients with nasal septum deviation, which is an important cause of nasal obstruction. Materials and Methods: Seventy eight patients with nasal septum deviation and 78 healthy volunteers similar in age and gender were included in the study. Patients with systemic rheumatic disease, cardiovascular system disease, infectious disease, any other disease that may affect the respiratory passage other than nasal septum deviation, with a history of regular drug use, and under the age of 18 were not included in the study. Widespread pain score and symptom severity score were calculated for all participants according to the fibromyalgia syndrome American College of Rheumatology 2016 diagnostic criteria, and revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire was filled out. Results: While the incidence of fibromyalgia syndrome was higher in patients with septal deviation, this difference was not statistically significant(p=0.072). There was no difference between the groups in terms of widespread pain score, symptom severity score, total score and revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score (p=0.438; p=0.933; p=0.502; p=0.081, respectively). Conclusion: Although no significant relationship has been found between fibromyalgia and septal deviation, further studies on this subject should be conducted.

Human and gut microbiota synergy in a metabolically active superorganism: a cardiovascular perspective.

Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment over recent decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. This persistent burden is partly due to the incomplete understanding of fundamental pathogenic mechanisms, which limits the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions. In this context, recent evidence highlights the pivotal role of immuno-inflammatory activation by the gut microbiome in influencing cardiovascular disorders, potentially opening new therapeutic avenues. Indeed, while atherosclerosis has been established as a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, accumulating data suggest that immune system regulation and anti-inflammatory pathways mediated by gut microbiota metabolites play a crucial role in a range of CVDs, including heart failure, pericardial disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. Of particular interest is the emerging understanding of how tryptophan metabolism-by both host and microbiota-converges on the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), a key regulator of immune homeostasis. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the role of the immune system and inflammation in CVD, with a focus on how gut microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolites, such as indoles and their derivatives, contribute to cardioimmunopathology. By exploring these mechanisms, we aim to facilitate the development of novel, microbiome-centered strategies for combating CVD.

Modeling for Prediction of Mortality Based on past Medical History in Hospitalized COVID‐19 Patients: A Secondary Analysis

Introduction. Although COVID‐19 is not currently a public health emergency, it will affect susceptible individuals in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a model for Iranian patients to identify at‐risk groups based on past medical history (PMHx) and some other factors affecting the death of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Methods. A secondary study was conducted with the existing data of hospitalized COVID‐19 adult patients in the hospitals covered by Iran University of Medical Sciences. PMHx was extracted from the registered ICD‐10 codes. Stepwise logistic regression was used to predict mortality by PMHx and background covariates such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Crude population attributable fraction (PAF) as well as crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results. A total of 8879 patients were selected with 19.68% mortality. Infectious and parasitic diseases’ history showed the greatest association (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 4.20, 7.82), while the greatest PAF was for cardiovascular system diseases (20.46%). According to logistic regression modeling, the largest effect, other than ICU admission and age, was for history of infectious and parasitic diseases (OR = 3.089, 95% CI: 2.13, 4.47). A good performance was achieved (area under curve = 0.875). Conclusion. Considering the prevalence of underlying diseases, many mortality cases of COVID‐19 are attributable to the history of cardiovascular disease. Future studies are needed for policy making regarding reduction of COVID‐19 mortality in susceptible groups in the post‐COVID‐19 era.

Mortality from Diseases of the Circulatory System in Europe and the Mediterranean Connected with Space Energetic Alpha Particles?

In the present work, a dangerous phenomenon for mankind is described, increasing the mortality from the most deadly diseases on the planet – circulatory system diseases, in particular, the deadly ones of ischemic heart diseases. In the joint analysis of data from satellites in orbit around the Earth and from the health statistics sources EUROSTAT, it became clear that, by some mechanism, streams of positively charged solar particles with high energy entering the Earth's orbit increase mortality from circulatory system diseases. The annual increase is by an average of 5% to 15% in a zone of maximum risk in the Northern Hemisphere, parallel to the equator and bounded by the parallels of 30° and 50° north latitude. The dates are given when the risk of a vascular accident is maximum depending on the latitude of the place in the Europe and Mediterranean area. During the day, the risk of a vascular accident is maximum around local noon. In this regard, it is perhaps not a coincidence that in the Mediterranean region, a midday break is practiced indoors ("siesta").

Effects of Respiratory Physiotherapy in Pulmonary Dysfunction after Cardiac Surgery

Background: Cardiovascular system diseases are a leading cause of death globally. Heart surgeries, performed worldwide to treat these conditions, are often followed by high rates of postoperative complications. Objective: The study aimed to compare the effects of pulmonary physiotherapy on respiratory dysfunction following cardiac surgery. Methods: Forty patients with pulmonary dysfunction post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to receive either postoperative pulmonary physical therapy, including breathing exercises and respiratory muscle training, or conventional physical therapy exercises. Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and inspiratory capacity (IC) were measured using spirometry. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with paired t-tests comparing all variables. Results were considered significant at a p-value &lt; 0.05. Results: The study included 21 participants in each group, with a mean age of 55.37 ± 8.72 years. Mean vital capacity in Group A was 2.40 ± 0.46 pre-treatment, increasing to 2.97 ± 0.43, while in Group B it was 2.34 ± 0.41 at baseline, increasing to 2.98 ± 0.36, with a p-value &gt; 0.05 indicating no significant pre- and post-test effects in Group A. Significant pre-post differences in spirometry values were observed within both groups, but no significant differences were noted when compared across the groups following CABG. Conclusion: The study concluded that pulmonary rehabilitation post-cardiac surgery is highly recommended to minimize postoperative complications of heart surgery. It contributes significantly to the prognosis of these patients, emphasizing the importance of preoperative procedures focused on preventing pulmonary system complications and facilitating recovery in the postoperative period after major cardiac surgeries.

A retrospective study of age-specific disease incidence in major popular breed dogs in Republic of Korea

Dogs exhibit patterns of health issues that vary by life stage. An understanding of disease incidence with respect to breed and age/life stage could be an important component of canine health management and welfare. This study aimed to describe the age-specific disease incidence of 3 small dog breeds that attended veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea, based on data from electronic veterinary medical records (EVMRs). A total of 40,785 EVMRs from Maltese (n = 21,355), Miniature Poodle (n = 11,658) and Shih Tzu dogs (n = 7,772) were analyzed. Common health problems in 3 small dog breeds were ‘diseases of the skin’ and ‘diseases of the ear,’ respectively. Among dogs aged ≤ 3 years, ‘preventive medicine’ was the most common cause cited for veterinary clinic visits. Among dogs aged 4 to 8 years, the most frequent health problems were ‘diseases of the skin.’ Among dogs aged 9 to 13 years, ‘heart diseases,’ ‘kidney diseases,’ ‘mammary gland tumor,’ and ‘neoplasia (unspecified)’ were considerably more frequent, compared to the rates in dogs ≤3 years. Among dogs aged ≥ 14 years, ‘heart diseases’ and ‘sneezing/cough’ were the main health problems. In all breeds, the frequencies of ‘diseases of circulatory system,’ ‘diseases of respiratory system,’ ‘diseases of the nervous system,’ ‘endocrine’ and ‘neoplasia’ increased rapidly with aging. This surveillance could inform strategies for disease screening tests and management based on life stage in these dog breeds and enable more effective health management.