Human Blood Circulation Research Articles

Production of juveniles of the freshwater, egg-laying lymnaeid snail Radix plicatula as prey for the juveniles of Whitman leech (Whitmania pigra)

ABSTRACT The leech Whitmania pigra is well known in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting human blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis. To evaluate its suitability as bait for this neonate leech, we investigate the reproductive efficiency of the snail Radix plicatula under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the size of R. plicatula on the growth of newborn W. pigra were evaluated. Wild snails laid eggs in mid-March with body weight >0.223 g and peaked at the beginning of April to early May. The accumulated number of eggs was 1489.70 ± 895.98 and 2145.67 ± 694.47 separately for individual and paired snails (P = 0.083). The time elapsed up to the hatching of the first egg in the four collected egg masses ranged from 12 to 18 days, and the hatching percentage ranged from 97-% to 100-% . The predation rate of the newborn W. pigra was significantly higher when feeding on small snails than on medium and large snails (P < 0.01). Furthermore, increased snail size resulted in decreased leech growth and survival rates. The investigations demonstrated that the snail R. plicatula could serve as a suitable living bait in the rearing of W. pigra to help alleviate the scarcity of leech on the market.

First blood: An efficient, hybrid one- and zero-dimensional, modular hemodynamic solver.

Low-dimensional (1D or 0D) models can describe the whole human blood circulation, for example, 1D distributed parameter model for the arterial network and 0D concentrated models for the heart or other organs. This paper presents a combined 1D-0D solver, called first_blood, that solves the governing equations of fluid dynamics to model low-dimensional hemodynamic effects. An extended method of characteristics is applied here to solve the momentum, and mass conservation equations and the viscoelastic wall model equation, mimicking the material properties of arterial walls. The heart and the peripheral lumped models are solved with a general zero-dimensional (0D) nonlinear solver. The model topology can be modular, that is, first_blood can solve any 1D-0D hemodynamic model. To demonstrate the applicability of first_blood, the human arterial system, the heart and the peripherals are modelled using the solver. The simulation time of a heartbeat takes around 2 s, that is, first_blood requires only twice the real-time for the simulation using an average PC, which highlights the computational efficiency. The source code is available on GitHub, that is, it is open source. The model parameters are based on the literature suggestions and on the validation of output data to obtain physiologically relevant results.

Scientific attitude analysis on students in class XI natural science regarding human blood circulation system material

Attitude is a tendency to behave and may be viewed as an individual's response to a stimulus. Although attitudes toward biology, particularly the human circulatory system, can be represented by the acceptance or rejection of certain biological objects. This research aims to determine high school students' attitudes at SMA Negeri 2 Bilah Hulu towards biology subjects, particularly the material on the human circulatory system. This research employed a qualitative strategy and descriptive approaches. The findings of this survey indicate that the indicator of pleasure in studying biology is 78.30%, the indication of curiosity is 82.92%, the indicator of interest in extending biology time is 80.90%, and the indicator of interest in a career in biology is 79.89%. This research concludes that students have the highest positive attitude toward the indicator of curiosity, while they have the least positive attitude toward the indicator of enjoyment in learning biology. Good curiosity from students is a good foundation in the learning process; it's just that innovative learning activities that are more interactive are needed if you want students to be more interested in learning biology.Abstrak Sikap ialah kecenderungan dalam berprilaku dan dapat diartikan sebagai ungkapan seseorang terhadap suatu stimulus. Sedangkan sikap terhadap biologi khususnya mata pelajaran sistem peredaran darah manusia dapat diungkapkan melalui perasaan/perilaku menerima atau menolak terhadap objek biologi tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sikap peserta didik terhadap mata pelajaran biologi khususnya pada materi sistem peredaran darah manusia pada tingkatan sekolah menengan atas lebih tepatnya di SMA Negeri 2 Bilah Hulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pada indikator kesenangan dalam belajar biologi dengan persentase sebesar 78.30%, indikator rasa ingin tahu dengan persentase sebesar 82.92%, kemudian pada indikator ketertarikan memperbanyak waktu biologi dengan persentase sebesar 80.90%, dan pada indikator ketertarikan berkarir dibidang biologi dengan persentase sebesar 79.89%. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa sikap positif peserta didik paling banyak pada indikator rasa ingin tahu, sedangkan sikap positif peserta didik paling rendah ada pada indikator kesenangan dalam belajar biologi. Rasa ingin tahu yang baik dari peserta didik adalah pondasi yang bagus dalam proses pembelajaran, hanya saja diperlukan inovasi kegiatan belajar yang lebih interaktif jika ingin peserta didik menjadi lebih tertarik untuk belajar biologi.

Reconfigurable Vortex-like Paramagnetic Nanoparticle Swarm with Upstream Motility and High Body-length Ratio Velocity.

Drug delivery systems with high-targeted doses can minimize excipients, reduce side effects, and improve efficacy. Human blood circulation is a complex circulatory system, and the motion control of microrobots in the static flow field in vitro is completely different from in vivo. How to achieve precise counterflow motion for targeted drug delivery without vascular blockage and immune rejection is the biggest challenge for micro-nano robots. Here, we propose a control method that enables vortex-like paramagnetic nanoparticle swarm (VPNS) to move upstream against the flow. By mimicking the clustering motion of wild herring schools and the rolling of leukocytes, VPNS are incredibly stable even when subjected to high-intensity jet impacts in the blood environment, can travel upstream, anchor at the target location, and dissipate when the magnetic field is withdrawn, which greatly reduces the risk of thrombosis. VPNS can also upstream along the vessel wall without an additional energy source and has a marked targeted therapeutic effect on subcutaneous tumors.

Design and evaluation of a pulsatile flow rotary vane blood pump

Artificial cardiovascular organs, termed as mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, provide patients with hemodynamics circulatory restoration effectively and vitally but yet are hampered by device-induced adverse events such as thrombotic, embolic and bleeding, which are consequences of blood being chronically exposed to non-pulsatile flow motion and high shear stress. A step forward to better assist heart failure patients, a novel MCS device was proposed aiming at generating a pulsatile blood flow under different systemic vascular resistance and imposing low shear stress on blood elements. Detailed design methods and geometry governing equations were derived first. For this human heart blood circulation application with a flowrate of [Formula: see text] and pressure range around [Formula: see text], a first-generation prototype with a positive displacement of [Formula: see text] directly driven by a [Formula: see text] brushless direct current (DC) motor was designed, manufactured and assembled. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and bench top experiments were conducted next to characterize the MCS pump and to verify with mathematical models. Finally, the proposed MCS device-mediated hemolysis index was evaluated via CFD simulations and compared with an FDA-benchmark centrifugal MCS pump. This demonstrates potentially higher device hemocompatibility and paves the way for in vitro test in the future.

Stretchable polymer-modulated PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanoparticles-based piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting and sensing applications

Since piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical pressure applied to them to electrical impulses and vice versa, they are unequivocally referred to as smart materials. Among such class of materials, the polymer-based piezoelectric nanocomposites are widely used to transfer mechanical energy from vibrations, human motion, mechanical loads, and other sources into electrical energy for flexible low-power devices. We devised a facile strategy of polymer modulation (5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%) in PVDF-HFP-based nanogenerators with a fixed 10 wt% TiO2 nanofiller concentration, employing ultrasonication assisted solution casting technique. The intense vibrational peak validated the enhancement in β-phase nucleation at 1229 cm−1 in PT-10 nanocomposite film using FTIR studies. The PT-10 film had a maximum capacitance of 9.7 pF when subjected to a force of 0.5 N, attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) interfacial polarization between the TiO2 nanofiller and PVDF-HFP matrix and its dielectric saturation was in accordance with the Kalayeh-Charalambides model. The PT-10 based piezoelectric nanogenerator had the highest piezoelectric voltage responses in all the different mechanical modes (tapping, bending, and stretching motions), with a peak voltage of 9.69 V in the case of repetitive finger-tapping motions. The nanogenerator was also utilized to generate 2.22 V from human blood circulation. The polymer-modulated strategy can thus be an effective way to design and tune piezoelectric nanogenerators for powering biomedical sensors and other low-power consumer devices.

Recommendations for the Development of CFD Model to Assess the Thrombogenic Potential of Stents

Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has enormous potential for the development of novel cardiovascular implants. In particular, the evaluation of the thrombogenic potential of implants is gaining importance. For this purpose, the numerical model must represent the essential properties of the real system, i.e., an implant in the human blood circulation, in a suitable form. Due to its complexity, the model building process is crucial for the successful application of the model. Currently, there is no structured guideline for the application of numerical flow simulation to which model developers can refer. Based on NASA and ASTM, we present key aspects of the model building process using CFD for stent flow as an example.

A Method for Assessing Stability of Regional Blood Circulation in Humans.

A new non-invasive method for assessing stability of functioning of the human regional circulatory system was developed. The method includes synchronous measurements of the level of cutaneous blood microcirculation of symmetrical areas of paired human organs by laser Doppler flowmetry and subsequent mathematical analysis of Dopplerograms using an original computational and experimental technique based on a mathematical model developed by us in the form of a system of differential equations describing experimental patterns of left-right asymmetry of oscillatory processes in the human regional circulatory system. The proposed method allows evaluating the reserve capabilities of the regional circulatory system in a patient and increases informative value of studies. This non-invasive method can be used in clinical practice to perform a personalized assessment of the stability of regional blood circulation and predict the risks of vascular pathologies.

Kepraktisan Media APKOBAR dalam Strategi Bioedutainment pada Pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Dasar

The results of observations and interviews in science learning for fifth grade elementary school, the material of human blood circulation and its functions have difficulty understanding because the teacher is active but the students are passive, and also the limitations of the learning media used by teacher. This study aims to determine the practicality of APKOBAR media in bioedutainment strategies in science learning for students at SDN Tembok 02, Limpung District, Batang Regency. This research is research and development by adopting the ADDIE model (analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The analyze stage includes initial analysis, student analysis, concept analysis and formulating learning objectives. The design stage includes making the apron media framework, which is designed to have a box-shaped space covered in transparent plastic which is used as a place for material images. The development stage includes combining the collected materials into media and developing instrument data. The implementation phase includes the application of APKOBAR media that has been developed for fifth grade students at SDN Tembok 02. The tests carried out at this stage are product feasibility tests, readability, and pretest-posttest for fifth grade students, with the result showing the readability of small-scale with an average score of 37,5 at interval X &gt; 33,54 with very good category. The students’s readability test on a wide scale obtained an average score of 36,2 at interval X &gt; 33,54 with a very good category. The results of the practicality test by practitioners consisting of class teachers and colleagues were declared valid in terms of appearance, material aspects and language aspects, as evidenced by the acquisition of an average score of 57 with an interval of X &gt; 50.4 with a very good category. The evaluation stage includes the form of evaluation carried out at each stage of the ADDIE model. The conclusion of the study shows that the APKOBAR media in the developed bioedutainment strategy is feasible and practical to use in science learning for elementary school students.

Component quantification of aortic blood flow energy loss using computational fluid-structure interaction hemodynamics

Background and objectivesThe aorta serves as the main tube of the human blood circulation system. Energy loss (EL) occurs when blood flows through the aorta and there may be a potential correlation between EL and aortic diseases. However, the components of blood flow EL are still not fully understood. This study aims to quantitatively reveal the EL components in healthy and diseased aortas. MethodsWe construct an idealized healthy aorta and three idealized representative diseased aortas: aortic aneurysm, coarctation of the aorta, and aortic dissection. Computational hemodynamic studies are carried out by using the fluid-structure interaction simulation framework. ResultsFour kinds of EL components: viscous friction, turbulence dissipation, wall deformation, and local lesion are firstly acquired in healthy and diseased aortas based on the high-resolution blood flow information. Viscous friction contributes most to the EL (45.69%-57.22%). EL caused by the deformation of the aortic wall ranks second (15.18%-33.12%). The proportions of turbulence dissipation and local lesion depend on individual geometric characteristics. Besides, the buffering efficiency of the healthy and diseased aorta is about 80%. ConclusionsThis study quantitatively reports the components of blood flow EL in healthy and diseased aortas, the finding may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of aortic diseases.

Pemanfaatan Anime Cells at Work sebagai Media Pembelajaran Tentang Peredaran Darah Manusia

Abstract: During the current pandemic, there are still educational institutions that carry out online schools and some that have implemented face-to-face. In the implementation of learning there are still obstacles such as students who find it difficult to understand the material being studied. Along with the situation and the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, it needs to be used properly. The existence of anime as a spectacle can provide entertainment and is easy to find. Cells at Work is an anime that provides education through animated characters. This study uses a descriptive analysis method, which aims to determine the effectiveness of the Cells at Work anime as a learning medium about human blood circulation. Cell at Work is easy to understand with supporting characters and visualizations as well as different discussions in each episode, so that if applied properly, it can increase students' understanding in depth.

PENGEMBANGAN GAME EDUKASI BERASIS ANDROID PADA MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA KELAS VB SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 03 PONTIANAK KOTA

AbstractIn general, this study aims to describe the development of an Android-basededucational game on the material of the human blood circulation system for class VB,State Elementary School 03 Pontianak City. This study uses research and development(R &amp; D) research methods adapting the ADDIE development model from Dick andCarry which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development,implementation, and evaluation. evaluation). As for this development research only upto the fourth stage, namely the implementation stage. The data sources of thisresearch are field expert validators and class VB students of State Elementary School03 Pontianak City. The results of the validity value test carried out by media expertvalidators were 83.92% and material expert validators were 87.5% with the "veryvalid" category. The results of student responses regarding the SIPEDA educationalgame were categorized as "very practical" with a total percentage of 98.26%. Basedon the results obtained, it can be concluded that the SIPEDA educational game is verypractical to use in the learning process.Keywords: Development, Games, Education, Android

Synchronization of the Processes of Autonomic Control of Blood Circulation in Humans Is Different in the Awake State and in Sleep Stages.

The influence of higher nervous activity on the processes of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system and baroreflex regulation is of considerable interest, both for understanding the fundamental laws of the functioning of the human body and for developing methods for diagnostics and treatment of pathologies. The complexity of the analyzed systems limits the possibilities of research in this area and requires the development of new tools. Earlier we propose a method for studying the collective dynamics of the processes of autonomic control of blood circulation in the awake state and in different stages of sleep. The method is based on estimating a quantitative measure representing the total percentage of phase synchronization between the low-frequency oscillations in heart rate and blood pressure. Analysis of electrocardiogram and invasive blood pressure signals in apnea patients in the awake state and in different sleep stages showed a high sensitivity of the proposed measure. It is shown that in slow-wave sleep the degree of synchronization of the studied rhythms is higher than in the awake state and lower than in sleep with rapid eye movement. The results reflect the modulation of the processes of autonomic control of blood circulation by higher nervous activity and can be used for the quantitative assessment of this modulation.

Combining Heparin and a FX/Xa Aptamer to Reduce Thrombin Generation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass and COVID-19.

Known limitations of unfractionated heparin (UFH) have encouraged the evaluation of anticoagulant aptamers as alternatives to UFH in highly procoagulant settings such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Despite progress, these efforts have not been totally successful. We take a different approach and explore whether properties of an anticoagulant aptamer can complement UFH, rather than replace it, to address shortcomings with UFH use. Combining RNA aptamer 11F7t, which targets factor X/Xa, with UFH (or low molecular weight heparin) yields a significantly enhanced anticoagulant cocktail effective in normal and COVID-19 patient blood. This aptamer-UFH combination (1) supports continuous circulation of human blood through an ex vivo membrane oxygenation circuit, as is required for patients undergoing CPB and COVID-19 patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, (2) allows for a reduced level of UFH to be employed, (3) more effectively limits thrombin generation compared to UFH alone, and (4) is rapidly reversed by the administration of protamine sulfate, the standard treatment for reversing UFH clinically following CPB. Thus, the combination of factor X/Xa aptamer and UFH has significantly improved anticoagulant properties compared to UFH alone and underscores the potential of RNA aptamers to improve medical management of acute care patients requiring potent yet rapidly reversible anticoagulation.

Urinary Phytoestrogen Metabolites Positively Correlate with Serum 25(OH)D Level Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010.

Studies showed that vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) level in the human blood circulation could be affected by exogenous estrogen exposure. This study aims to explore the relationships between urinary phytoestrogens metabolites and serum total 25(OH)D in general population, urinary phytoestrogens metabolites (daidzein, enterodiol, enterolactone, equol, genistein and o-desmethylangolensin). Totally 2,609 adults ≥6 y old from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were recruited into the cross-sectional analyses and information including demographic, socioeconomic, examinations and laboratory test were collected. All analyses were performed using Stata13.0, one-way analysis of variance and multivariable regression were utilised according to data characteristics, respectively. It showed that age, race, education level, body mass index (BMI), and sampling season had significant effects on serum 25(OH)D level (all p<0.001). In the whole population, urinary enterodiol and equol were significantly positively associated with serum total 25(OH)D level (β=0.86, 95%CI=0.08-1.65, p<0.05; β=1.68, 95%CI=0.91-2.45, p<0.001). Equol was also found significantly positively correlated with total 25(OH)D in both female and male separately (β=1.69, 95%CI=0.51-2.87, p<0.05; β=1.66, 95%CI=0.63-2.69, p<0.05). Phytoestrogen concentrations in the urinary and 25(OH)D levels in the serum had proved a positive correlation in our study, which provide theoretical basis and reference for the dietary nutrient intake in the population.

Retesting Conjecture of Acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory

This study proposes the following hypothesis based on studies from various aspects and various historical periods in acupuncture: meridians and collaterals are a continuous, interwoven and ordered system of cells with the same active vibration frequency that guides human nerve activity and blood circulation, and acupuncture can temporarily open, unblock or shut such a system. Yin and Yang depend on the acidity and alkalinity of the internal and external liquid of cells caused by the human body after ingestion of food or influenced by the environment. Traditional Chinese medicine can help the human body adjust the acid-base balance, which is to say, adjust the imbalance state of Yin and Yang. The structure of functional active groups determines the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, and the structure can be predicted by using the principle of topology to play a role in the treatment of the corresponding target.

Closed-Loop Multiscale Computational Model of Human Blood Circulation. Applications to Ballistocardiography.

Cardiac mechanical activity leads to periodic changes in the distribution of blood throughout the body, which causes micro-oscillations of the body’s center of mass and can be measured by ballistocardiography (BCG). However, many of the BCG findings are based on parameters whose origins are poorly understood. Here, we generate simulated multidimensional BCG signals based on a more exhaustive and accurate computational model of blood circulation than previous attempts. This model consists in a closed loop 0D-1D multiscale representation of the human blood circulation. The 0D elements include the cardiac chambers, cardiac valves, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, while the 1D elements include 55 systemic and 57 pulmonary arteries. The simulated multidimensional BCG signal is computed based on the distribution of blood in the different compartments and their anatomical position given by whole-body magnetic resonance angiography on a healthy young subject. We use this model to analyze the elements affecting the BCG signal on its different axes, allowing a better interpretation of clinical records. We also evaluate the impact of filtering and healthy aging on the BCG signal. The results offer a better view of the physiological meaning of BCG, as compared to previous models considering mainly the contribution of the aorta and focusing on longitudinal acceleration BCG. The shape of experimental BCG signals can be reproduced, and their amplitudes are in the range of experimental records. The contributions of the cardiac chambers and the pulmonary circulation are non-negligible, especially on the lateral and transversal components of the velocity BCG signal. The shapes and amplitudes of the BCG waveforms are changing with age, and we propose a scaling law to estimate the pulse wave velocity based on the time intervals between the peaks of the acceleration BCG signal. We also suggest new formulas to estimate the stroke volume and its changes based on the BCG signal expressed in terms of acceleration and kinetic energy.

The Future of Red Cell Transfusion Lies in Cultured Red Cells

AbstractBlood is a very important resource for healthcare-based services and there has been a consistently increasing demand for it in most parts of the world. Poor volunteer-based collection system, high-risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, and emergence of new pathogens as evident from the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are potential challenges to the global healthcare systems. It is imperative to explore safe and reliable alternatives to red cell transfusions. Ex vivo culture of red cells (cRBCs) from different sources such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), pluripotent stem cells, and immortalized progenitors (e.g., BELA-2 cells) could revolutionize transfusion medicine. cRBC could be of great diagnostic and therapeutic utility. It may provide a backup in times of acute shortages in patients with rare blood groups, and in cases with multiple antibodies or sickle cell anemia. The CRISP-Cas9 system has been used to develop personalized, multi-compatible RBCs for diagnostic reagents and patients with multiple allo-antibodies. cRBC could be practically feasible for pediatric patients, who require small quantities of red cell transfusions. cRBC produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions has been reported to survive in human blood circulation for more than 26 days. Recently, a phase I randomized controlled clinical trial called RESTORE was initiated to assess the survival and recovery of cRBCs. However, feasible technological advancement is required to produce enough cRBCs for clinical use. It is crucial to identify sustainable sources for large-scale production of clinically useful cRBCs. Although the potential cost of one unit of cRBC is extrapolated to be around US$ 8000, it is a life-saving product for patients having rare blood groups and is a “ready to use” source of phenotype-matched, homogenous young red cells in emergency situations.

Numerical analysis of hemodynamic effect under different enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) frequency for cerebrovascular disease: a simulation study

Based on the changes in phase characteristics of blood flow and pressure, enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) reduces cardiac load and improves cerebral perfusion in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. However, increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) is associated with the rise in blood pressure and its complications. Increased EECP frequency is a valuable solution when combined with the electrical equivalent impedance characteristics of the lumped parameter model (LPM) of the human blood circulation system. Herein, to investigate the effect of different EECP frequencies on CBF perfusion, an LPM was established with cardiopulmonary circulation and eight systemic blood flow units with cerebral autoregulation module of ischemic stroke patients. Then, using differential equations, we analyzed those parameters through hemodynamic simulations in four EECP modes. With related influencing parameters remaining constant, we adjusted the pressure frequency of EECP and found that when compared to the traditional sequential EECP mode, the relative increase rate of CBF was 16.68%, 18.95%, and 21.21% from 1 to 3 Hz, respectively. This study validates the effect of improving blood prefusion with increasing EECP frequency through numerical analysis.

KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI TERAPI HEMODIALISA

Chronic kidney failure is a decrease in kidney function and chronic nature which may require replacement irreversible kidney dialysis therapy accompanied on the final stages of kidney failure. Therapy hemodialysis is a replacement therapy for removing the remains of the metabolism of the human blood circulation that will affect the quality of life. Factors that affect the quality of life, among others, age, gender, occupation, education, frequency of Hemodilaisa, long Hemodialisa, chronic renal failure stage, and relationship with the nurse. This research aims to know the description of the quality of life in chronic renal failure patients at the Hemodialysis Room Wijaya Kusuma Hospital Purwokerto. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive research with methods cross-sectional. Sampling using accidental sampling. The respondents in this study as many as 94 patients. Instrument in this study using questionnaire KDQOL SF 1.3 to measure the quality of life of patients with kidney failure. Quality of life in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at the Wijaya Kusuma Hospital Purwokerto is largely good in quality of life (73.4%). Mostly on the age group 45-60 years as many as 39 quality of life patients either (41.5%), mostly male-sex that is as much as 41 patients living quality good (43.6%), educational background of patients most life is good-quality secondary education group 35 patients (37.2%). The work of most of the patients already not working with a total of 44 patients (46.8%), quality of life is good and the length of time patients undergoing therapy at the most hemodialysis time is under 12 months with quality of life good as much as 26 patients (27.7%).