Circular Monopole Antenna Research Articles

Thin film based optically transparent circular monopole antenna for wideband applications

Thin film based optically transparent circular monopole antenna for wideband applications

Bandwidth‐Enhanced Ultra‐Wide Band Wearable Textile Antenna for Various WBAN and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

AbstractThis paper presents a compact asymmetric CPW fed monopole antenna using Denim fabric as substrate applicable for UWB communication and various wireless body area networks (WBANs). The geometry of the antenna consists of a circular monopole antenna with a modified ground plane and introduction of defected ground structures (DGS) to achieve ultra‐wide band (3.10–10.6 GHz) characteristics. The proposed wearable antenna operates from 2.40 to 14.88 GHz providing a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 144.44%. Enhancement of the bandwidth is obtained by the insertion of open ended rectangular slit in the ground plane. The final antenna produces a peak gain of about 6.57 dBi at 13.05 GHz and achieved omnidirectional radiation patterns. In terms of return loss, gain, and radiation characteristics, the lightweight flexible wearable antenna is fabricated, and the tested effects are found to be in fair accordance with the simulated ones.

Easily extendable four port MIMO antenna with improved isolation and wide bandwidth for THz applications

In this paper, a four port MIMO antenna with improved isolation and wide bandwidth is proposed for THz applications. Evolution of the antenna configuration is taking placed by the development of single circular monopole antenna element in four steps. Further, the structure of antenna is easily extended into two and four elements MIMO configuration. The antenna elements are arranged orthogonally on the top of the substrate. Isolation and good resonance match is accomplished with orthogonal placement of the element and deployed inverted L-shaped ground stubs in the ground plane. C-shaped slot in the feed line and inverted C-shaped slot etched in the patch element, which further improve the operating bandwidth. The proposed four elements antenna has overall size of 67.5 × 67.5 × 2.4 µm3 and designed on the RT5880 with a relative permittivity of 2.2. The antenna is offered bandwidth 1.5–10 THz, − 20 dB isolation, and peak realized gain of 11 dBi. MIMO diversity analysis of antenna is also carried out in terms of Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC). Obtained MIMO diversity performance parameters of the antenna are within acceptable range. Size and performance parameters of the proposed antenna are compared with existing literature. Comparatively improved bandwidth and enhanced isolation of the antenna is useful for cancer detection, Mixers and multiplier, health care, Deep space network, Aerospace applications, the detection of explosives like HMX, Detection of biotin and WBAN applications.

Broadband Dual-Polarized 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna for a 5G Wireless Communication System

In this study, we proposed an indoor broadband dual-polarized 2 × 2 MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) antenna having dimensions of 240 mm × 200 mm × 40 mm, for application in 5G wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna comprised two vertically polarized circular monopole antennas (CMAs), two horizontally polarized modified rectangular dipole antennas (MRDAs), and a ground plane. The distance between the two MRDAs (MRDA1 and MRDA2) was 70.5 mm and 109.5 mm in the horizontal (x-direction) and 109.5 mm vertical (y-direction) directions, respectively. Conversely, the distance between the two CMAs (CMA1 and CMA2) was 109.5 mm and 70.5 mm in the horizontal (x-direction) and vertical (y-direction) directions, respectively. While the CMAs achieved broadband characteristics owing to the optimal gap between the dielectric and the driven radiator using a parasitic element, the MRDAs achieved broadband owing to the optimal distance between the dipole antennas. The observations in this experiment confirmed that the proposed could operate in the 5G NR n46 (5.15–5.925 GHz), n47 (5.855–5.925 GHz), n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz), and the n79 (4.4–5 GHz) bands. Moreover, it exhibited a wide impedance bandwidth (dB magnitude of S11) of 101% in the 2.3–7 GHz frequency range, high isolation (dB magnitude of S21), low envelope coefficient correlation (ECC), gain of over 5 dB, and average radiation efficiency of 87.19%, which verified its suitability for application in sub-6 GHz 5G wireless communication systems.

Quintuple band circular monopole antenna with innovative 3-D printed PLA substrate for wireless applications

Abstract In this paper, a circular antenna with a 3-D printed substrate is introduced to achieve a multiband behavior. The circular antenna is matched using a key-shaped stub located on the perimeter of the designed antenna. The 3-DP circular antenna adopted the apollonian gasket technique to perform the multi-circular cuttings in the Polylactic Acid (PLA) substrate as an innovative technique to obtain quintuple bands. The proposed antenna is designed to operate for Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, and other wireless applications in S-band and C-band. The designed antenna has a compact size of 61.1 × 43.6 × 1 mm3. The prototype of the suggested 3-D printed antenna is fabricated and measured to confirm the simulation results. A good agreement is evident between simulation and experimental results which validates the design concept.

On the Use of Machine Learning for Direction Finding with Circular Monopole Antenna Arrays

The training of a deep neural network for amplitude-only (AO) direction finding (DF) is presented. Four circular arrays with 3-, 4-, 6-, and 8-element uniformly distributed monopoles are considered. The impact of a center-placed metallic post on the performance of the arrays in conjunction with the utilized DF algorithm is investigated. The 1 GHz resonant arrays are first designed in Altair FEKO and voltages produced at the terminals of the antennas from incident plane waves are determined. These signals, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB, are then used to train the neural network for AO-DF. The best performing configuration, the 8-element array, has 1.8° root mean squared error and 1.33° average error across the 360° field of view. While the 3- and 4-element arrays without a post performed poorly, all other considered topologies yielded an average error less than 4°. These results allow system designers to make educated decisions in the context of a cost vs accuracy tradeoff.

Investigations on a circular UWB antenna with Archimedean spiral slot for WLAN/Wi-MAX and satellite X-band filtering feature

AbstractIn this article a compact circular monopole antenna is represented with dimensions of 38.87 × 24.00 × 1.60 mm3 applicable for WLAN/Wi-MAX and satellite band rejection characteristics. The impedance bandwidth is 9.42 GHz (3.12–12.54 GHz) for the final antenna with an equivalent fractional bandwidth of about 120.31%, producing triple notched bands centered at 3.95, 5.20 and 8.90 GHz with assistance of Archimedean spiral slot and incorporation of defected ground structure allowing WLAN (5.2 GHz), WiMAX (3.5 GHz) and higher satellite X-band (8.5 GHz) filtering abilities. Simulations of the antenna are performed to attain preferable return loss properties as well as gain and omni-directional radiation patterns. The suggested antenna yields a peak gain of about 7.46 dBi at 11.30 GHz and experimental values are in good obedience with simulated ones.

Compact UWB MIMO Antennas with High Isolation

A compact two-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna of size 50 mm × 25 mm has been designed on FR4 substrate using the GCPW feeding technique. Each MIMO antenna is designed using two identical circular monopole antenna elements placed orthogonal to each other for good isolation. The proposed antenna has |S11| ≤ −10 dB, |S21| ≤ −20 dB and a low envelope correlation coefficient less than 0.1 over the entire bandwidth of 8 GHz in the 3–11 GHz range, which make them suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications.

Design of Low-Cost Miniaturized Metamaterial-Based Circular Split-Ring Monopole Radiating System for LTE Applications

A compact low-cost metamaterial circular monopole antenna for LTE applications is presented here. This paper addresses an asymmetric circular split-ring radiator for 2.6[Formula: see text]GHz (LTE-7 band), 3.5[Formula: see text]GHz (LTE-22 band). The design here employs split rings with varying split gaps in the consecutive ring layers of the radiating element which helped in achieving better impedance matching for obtaining multiband operation. The work presented here demonstrates the feasibility of achieving double negative material property, without loading the SRR’s separately in the system. The antenna was modeled using a 1.6[Formula: see text]mm thick FR-4 lossy material. The simulated results were compared with measured results and found to be in good agreement with each other. Employing asymmetric split ring as radiator helped in achieving 29% of size reduction in the patch layer. The modified split-ring radiator achieved directional radiation pattern and minimum side-lobe levels with a peak gain of 1.29 and 0.204[Formula: see text]dB at the lower band and upper band, respectively. The compact dimension [Formula: see text] of the radiating system makes it suitable for LTE-WLAN/Wi-Max applications.

Design of a Compact Wideband Circular Monopole Antenna for 5G Applications

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Circular Monopole Electromagnetic Band Gap Structured Antenna SLLOptimization using Heuristic

Heuristic algorithmis used in the design of electromagnetic band gap structured circular monopole antenna. Design to parametric analysis and optimization with respect to bandwidth enhancement is presented in this work. The proposed algorithm has been compared with famous genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm and optimizedside lobe level has been reported in this work. The comparison between simulation and the measurement results matching is supporting the applicability of the work in real time communication modules.

Design and Analysis of Super Wideband Antenna for Microwave Applications.

In this article, a compact concentric structured monopole patch antenna for super wideband (SWB) application is proposed and investigated. The essential characteristics of the designed antenna are: (i) to attain super-wide bandwidth characteristics, the proposed antenna is emerged from a traditional circular monopole antenna and has obtained an impedance bandwidth of 38.9:1 (ii) another important characteristic of the presented antenna is its larger bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) value of 6596 that is accomplished by augmenting the electrical length of the patch. The electrical dimension of the proposed antenna is ( corresponds to the lower end operating frequency). The designed antenna achieves a frequency range from 1.22 to 47.5 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 190% and exhibiting S11 < −10 dB in simulation. For validating the simulated outcomes, the antenna model is fabricated and measured. Good conformity is established between measured and simulated results. Measured frequency ranges from 1.25 to 40 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 188%, BDR of 6523 and S11 < −10 dB. Even though the presented antenna operates properly over the frequency range from 1.22 to 47.5 GHz, the results of the experiment are measured till 40 GHz because of the high-frequency constraint of the existing Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The designed SWB antenna has the benefit of good gain, concise dimension, and wide bandwidth above the formerly reported antenna structures. Simulated gain varies from 0.5 to 10.3 dBi and measured gain varies from 0.2 to 9.7 dBi. Frequency domain, as well as time-domain characterization, has been realized to guide the relevance of the proposed antenna in SWB wireless applications. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna is developed, and the response of the circuit is obtained. The presented antenna can be employed in L, S, C, X, Ka, K, Ku, and Q band wireless communication systems.

Low mutual coupling six‐port planar antenna for the MIMO applications

A hexagonal shaped six-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array comprising of six printed circular monopole antennas with wideband characteristics is presented. Based on the measured data, −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is found to be from 3.44 GHz to 4.68 GHz. The isolation between the adjacent antenna elements is enhanced by self-cancelation of the induced near field currents by printing a microstrip neutralization line between them. Isolation among antenna elements are greater than 15 dB with an inter-element spacing of 0.076 times the free space wavelength at 3.44 GHz. The maximum gain of the antenna is noted to be 5.1 dBi with an envelope correlation coefficient ≤ 0.4 and channel capacity loss ≤0.0328 bits/S/Hz in its entire operating bandwidth.

A Tri-Polarized Antenna With Diverse Radiation Characteristics for 5G and V2X Communications

A tri-polarized antenna with diverse radiation characteristics is proposed in this paper. This design mainly consists of two pairs of loop radiating dipoles and an omnidirectional monopole antenna element, which are used for the fifth generation (5G) and vehicle to everything (V2X) communications, respectively. By adding eight pairs of inverted L-shaped patches with unequal sizes around the proposed dipoles, wide beamwidths in both E- and H-planes can be obtained across the desired lower and upper frequency bands. Furthermore, by employing eight fork-shaped microstrip stubs to combine the circular monopole antenna element and the L-shaped patches, the flare angle of the conical beam can be increased to 180°, which results in gain enhancement in the azimuth plane. Finally, the proposed loop radiating dipoles are excited by a pair of symmetrical differentially-fed feeding lines. Consequently, high port isolation for the proposed loop radiating dipoles as well as low gain variations for the monopole antenna element can be achieved. Measured results show that the impedance bandwidths of 32.84% (2.8-3.9 GHz) and 18.18% (4.5-5.4 GHz) can be achieved for the 5G communications. Wide half power beamwidths (HPBW) of larger than 103° in E-plane and 91° in H-plane can be achieved across the operating bands. In addition, a bandwidth of 5.5% (5.82-6.15 GHz) with gain of 2.47 ± 0.69 dBi in the azimuth plane can also be obtained for V2X communications.

Design and Analysis of Circular Monopole antenna for WLAN and WI-Max Application in S band

In today’s existence, the technology for communication is continuously growing. The agile achievement in ultra-broadband antennas in wireless communication is increased. A circular monopole microstrip patch antenna has been developed in this research paper. The parameters grandiose by antenna perfmonance are researched. The design is designed to achieve desired gain and bandwidth at 2.4 GHz frequency, with a defected ground system (DGS). This antenna design has been effectuated using FR-4 as the dielectric substrate with 4.3 as dielectric constant. In computer simulation technology (CST) the model monopole circular microstrip patch antenna is simulated and the results needed are achieved. The S11 parameter is obtained as -17.28 decibels which is below -10 decibel. The gain obtained at 2.4 GHz frequency is 1.730 decibel. Application in S band devices, including Wi-Max, WLAN, radio altimeter, cordless phones, wireless headphones etc., were built in this research article.

Compact CPW‐fed circular patch flexible antenna for super‐wideband applications

This study proposes a coplanar waveguide-fed circular monopole antenna that is designed by ink-jetting conductive silver particle ink on photo paper. The antenna comprises a slotted circular patch and a reduced symmetrically slotted ground plane that is etched rectangularly. The slotted circular patch and ground plane provide the design flexibility with a broad bandwidth, substantial gain over 1.66–56.1 GHz frequency band, and relatively consistent radiation pattern. The fractional bandwidth (%BW) of this antenna is 188.5% that is covering industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, ultra-wideband, wireless local area network (WLAN) band, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band, and various frequencies of upcoming fifth-generation technology. The total size of the antenna is only 34 × 25 mm2, with an electrical dimension of 0.18 λ × 0.13 λ at 1.66 GHz. The bandwidth ratio (BR) is 33.81:1, and the bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) is 7462, which is the highest among the flexible super-wideband antennas reported so far. It is a low profile, lightweight, and low-cost antenna that is accommodating a broad frequency spectrum for extended wideband communication. The measured results show good agreement with the simulations.

A Lightweight Planar Ultrawideband UHF Monopole Mills Cross Array for Ice Sounding

An electrically large ultrawideband ultrahigh frequency (UHF) monopole antenna array has been designed to sound up to 3 km of ice and meet the logistical requirements of transportation to arctic regions. The monopole array is comprised of 16 planar subarray modules, which in combination form a 16 m by 17 m Mills cross array configuration to maximize sensitivity and spatial selectivity in both cross-track and along-track directions. Each planar subarray module is 1 m by 2 m in size with a 6.35 cm thick rigid insulation foam panel separating the individual monopole elements from metal foil ground plane on the top such that the maximum radiation is directed to nadir. Each subarray panel consists of 4 by 8 circular monopole antenna elements with a spacing of 0.25 m. Each monopole element is printed on a 130 mm by 80 mm 62 mil FR4 board. The total weight of each subarray panel is 9 kg, making for very lightweight and low-profile antenna construction. The antenna array together with the radar system was deployed to the East Greenland Ice-coring Project site in August 2018 for demonstrating surface-based ice sounding at the UHF band.

A Compact Integrated Small Disk Monopole Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications

The structure of a compact Micro strip feed circular monopole antenna working in the frequency range of (2.5GHz-4GHz) and wideband of frequency ranging from 4.9GHz to 19.93GHz is proposed in this paper. Using a circular radiating monopole with terrible ground wideband frequency operation is possible. Two frequency bands can be accomplished by separating the middle part of the patch and further engraving a circular arc r=4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02 was utilized to realize and simulate this antenna. It can be operated in both the frequency bands 2.5-4GHz and 4.9-19.93GHz [wideband] possessing less than -10dB reflection coefficient. The whole WB and also in the low-frequency band as mentioned above shows a sturdy radiation pattern.

Design and investigations on a compact, UWB, monopole antenna with reconfigurable band notches for 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 5.5 GHz Wi‐MAX bands

SummaryThis article represents a microstrip line–fed novel circular monopole antenna with ultra‐wideband (UWB) characteristics. The compact antenna provides reconfigurable notches at WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) and Wi‐MAX (5.5 GHz) frequency bands. The band rejection is achieved by etching an open‐ended L‐shaped slot in the ground plane, which effectively mitigates the interference between WLAN, Wi‐MAX, and UWB systems with an effective patch area of 36.26%. The proposed antenna operates from 3.05 to 12.11 GHz with VSWR 2 except at stopband (3.89‐5.93 GHz) to filter the WLAN and Wi‐MAX signals. The simulated return loss, gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna has been experimentally verified with the fabricated one which holds a good agreement.

Omega Shaped Complementary Split Ring Resonator Loaded Bandwidth Reconfigurable Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications

Abstract This paper presents a bandwidth reconfigurable, circular monopole antenna loaded with omega shaped complementary split ring resonator (omega-CSRR). The CSRR is designed to produce band stop response at desired frequency, in order to control bandwidth. Two slots are connected to the CSRR using PIN diodes to form the arms of omega-CSRR. Switching the diodes, ON/OFF will vary the length of arms of omega. This will vary the stop band, resulting in tuning of impedance bandwidth. Two additional slots loaded on the ground plane, controls the lower and upper band limits. Ultra wide band (UWB) response (2.6GHz – 12GHz) and narrow band response are obtained. The bandwidth of narrow band is varied from 1.5GHz to 4.85GHz, by maintaining the center frequency at 6GHz. The impedance bandwidth percentage ranges from 26% to 82.2%, exhibiting an increase by a factor of 3.16.