Circuit Simulation Program SPICE Research Articles

A SPICE MODEL OF THE PEO-PANI MEMRISTOR

The memristor is a novel circuit element which is capable of maintaining an activity-dependent nonvolatile resistance and is therefore a candidate for use in next-generation storage and logic circuits. In this article, we present a model of the PEO-PANI memristor for use in the SPICE circuit simulation program which is especially suited to analog logic applications. Two variants are presented herein; accompanying each is a short description that explains any design decisions made, as well as elucidating on preferred simulation settings. It is shown that the model accurately replicates corresponding experimental results found in the literature. Simple simulations are used to show the suitability of each variant to specific experimental usage. Appendices contain verbatim implementations of the SPICE models.

Ceremony at UC Berkeley Recognizes SPICE Circuit Simulation Program as IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing [IEEE News

Ceremony at UC Berkeley Recognizes SPICE Circuit Simulation Program as IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing [IEEE News

Integral Controller for the Plants with the Asymmetric Dynamics

The modification of the Integral controller adapted for control of plants with the asymmetric dynamics is presented. A feature of analyzed plants is that the dynamics of the plant output parameter during the rise and decay is different. The algorithm used in the proposed controller switches the value of integral constant of the controller when the sign of the error changes. This feature enables achieving improved transient performance of the analyzed control system as compared to the case when the classical Integral controller is used. The proposed controller is characterized by higher electromagnetic disturbance compatibility as compared to the asymmetric controllers that include Proportional and Derivative terms. The investigation of the control system based on the developed controller was performed using the electronic circuit simulation program Spice. Ill. 5, bibl. 7 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).

Frequency Response of Two-Winding Transformers Obtained by a Distributed-Parameter s-Domain Method

Closed form s-domain expressions are derived for the temporal and spatial voltage and current distributions along the primary and secondary windings of a two-winding transformer. These expressions take into account both the inductive and capacitive coupling between the two windings, in addition to the usually-considered inter-turn coupling within each winding. The frequency response of the transformer input impedance under different loading conditions is obtained, which can be useful in identifying the resonant frequencies of the transformer. The results are compared with those obtained from the well-known circuit simulation program SPICE.

Frequency Characteristics of Single-Phase Two-Winding Transformers Using Distributed Parameter Modeling

Using modal analysis and modeling results from transmission-line theory, closed-form s-domain expressions are derived for the spatial voltage and current distributions along the primary and secondary windings of a single-phase two-winding transformer. These expressions take into account both of the inductive and capacitive couplings between the two windings, in addition to intertum coupling within each winding. The frequency characteristics of the transformer input impedance under different loading conditions are obtained, which can be useful in identifying the resonant frequencies of the transformer. The results are compared with those obtained from the well-known circuit simulation program SPICE.

Frequency characteristics of single-phase two-winding transformers using distributed-parameter modeling

Using modal analysis and modeling results from transmission-line theory, closed-form s-domain expressions are derived for the spatial voltage and current distributions along the primary and secondary windings of a single-phase two-winding transformer. These expressions take into account both of the inductive and capacitive coupling between the two windings, in addition to inter-turn coupling within each winding. The frequency characteristics of the transformer input impedance under different loading conditions are obtained, which can be useful in identifying the resonant frequencies of the transformer. The results are compared with those obtained from the well-known circuit simulation program SPICE.

Using Spice Circuit Simulation Program in Reliability Analysis of Redundant Systems with Non-Repairable Units and Common-Cause Failures

The effectiveness of Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) in calculating probabilities, reliability, steady-state availability and mean-time to failure of redundant systems with non-repairable units and common-cause failures described by Markov models is demonstrated. General equations and procedure for constructing the equivalent circuit forNparallel units are presented. Results obtained, forN=1,2,3, using SPICE are compared with previously published results obtained using the Laplace transform method. Full SPICE listings are included.

Reliability and Availability Analysis of Some Systems with Common-Cause Failures Using SPICE Circuit Simulation Program

The effectiveness of SPICE circuit simulation program in calculating probabilities, reliability, steady-state availability and mean-time to failure of repairable systems described by Markov models is demonstrated. Two examples are presented. The first example is a warm standby system with common-cause failures and human errors. The second example is a non-identical unit parallel system with common-cause failures. In both cases recourse to numerical solution is inevitable to obtain the Laplace transforms of the probabilities. Results obtained using SPICE are compared with previously published results obtained using the Laplace transform method. Full SPICE listings are included.

A parallel direct method circuit simulator based on sparse matrix partitioning

Solving a system of linear simultaneous equations representing an electrical circuit is one of the most time consuming tasks for large scale circuit simulations. In order to facilitate a multiprocessor implementation of the circuit simulation program SPICE, decomposition algorithms should be employed to partition a sparse matrix equation of the overall circuit into a number of subcircuit equations for parallel processing. In this paper, the performance of a parallel direct method matrix equation solving routine was studied in several contexts: the theoretical lower bound on performance was derived and the tradeoff between parallelism and communication is presented; various implementation and performance tuning issuing is also reported. This routine is written in such a manner that the data structure is compatible with SPICE Version 3c1. The speedup obtained from the simulation of two test circuits on a message passing multiprocessor system built on Transputers will be reported. Finally, the factors affecting the performance of the multiprocessor system are outlined and the overheads affecting the system performance in the implementation are identified.

JSPICE: a component-based distributed Java front-end for SPICE

The design and implementation of a component-based distributed Java front-end for the Berkeley SPICE circuit-simulation program is described. The front-end is designed as a client–server application implemented via the Remote Method Invocation (RMI) API. A graphical user-interface is implemented on the client-side, which has multiple components for command and control, graphing, text-editing and communication with the server. JavaBeans API is used as the underlying component model. On the server side, the native SPICE code (in C language) is converted into a dynamic library and is interfaced with the Java Server code using Java Native Interface (JNI) API. Implementation issues related to modifications in the SPICE code enabling multiple invocations as a shared object, efficient input/output of simulation data from the Java code, waveform compression and extraction for display on the client-side, real-time transfer of SPICE generated runtime messages from the server to client etc. are discussed. Benchmark results comparing the performance of file input using various Java I/O classes are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Prediction of reliability of broadcasting transmitter systems

This paper shows that the SPICE circuit simulation program is a useful tool for predicting the reliability of broadcasting transmitters. A broadcasting system formed of two transmitters fed from a common power supply unit is considered as a vehicle to illustrate the use of the proposed technique. Agreement between the steady-state probabilities obtained using the proposed technique are compared with results obtained using the Laplace transform method.

Analysis of a MOS integrated gas sensor using a surface chemistry based model

To facilitate gas sensor design with the associated signal-conditioning circuitry, a previously developed gas adsorption model is implemented in the popular circuit simulation program SPICE. The model is based on the gas adsorption theory. With the adsorption model implemented in SPICE, the performance of a MOSFET gas sensor integrated with the associated circuitry can be studied. The analysis was applied to three sensors, namely, the H 2 sensor, the NH 3 sensor and the CO sensor. A noise analysis of the sensors was also performed and their lower bounds of detectivity determined. A chopper-stabilized circuit was applied to the sensing circuitry. Simulation results show that noise in gas sensors can be reduced.

Silicon neuron simulation with SPICE: tool for neurobiology and neural networks.

The paper deals with computer simulations of 'silicon neurons', which are assemblies of CMOS circuits that generate the equivalents of the ionic currents and of the action potentials of real (biological) neurons. The circuit simulation program SPICE is used to simulate the generation of action potentials by a silicon neuron. Moreover, the equivalent circuits of silicon synapses are described and the behaviours of simple two- and three-neuron networks are analysed. Implications for the areas of neurobiology and formal neural networks are briefly considered.

直交磁心形パラメトリック変圧器の最適設計法について

This paper deals with a method for the optimum design of an orthogonal-core type parametric transformer. In this method, the effects of the orthogonal core shape and parametric oscillation on the characteristics of the parametric transformer are taken into account by using two calculation methods. One calculates the flux-MMF relationships of an orthogonal-core by means of reluctance network analysis. The other computes the behavior characteristics of the parametric transformer by using the general purpose circuit simulation program SPICE. Under the maximum output power condition, an optimum design of a parametric transformer is shown.

Modeling of amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors for circuit simulations with SPICE

A static and dynamic model for amorphous silicon thin-film transistors is presented. The theory is based on an assumed exponential distribution of the deep states and the tail states in the energy gap. Expressions are derived that link the density of the localized states and the temperature to the drain current and the distribution of the charge in the transistor channel. In addition the authors take into account parasitic effects such as channel length modulation, off-resistance, drain and source resistances, mobile and free charges in the insulator, surface states, and overlap capacitances. The model is incorporated into the circuit simulation program SPICE. Charge conservation problems are overcome by using a charge-oriented dynamic transistor model. Simulated and measured current-voltage characteristics agree well. A 96-b gate line driver for addressing liquid-crystal displays, which was successfully designed and optimized with the model, is introduced. >

Modeling H/sup +/-sensitive FETs with SPICE

A generalized physical model including two kinds of binding sites is presented on H/sup +/-sensitive ISFET devices. The model results in a set of equations which is introduced into a modified version of the electronic circuit simulation program SPICE. In this way, the effects induced on the device performances by varying several physico-chemical parameters are analyzed. The slope of V/sub out/ versus pH curves is predicted for SiO/sub 2/-, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-, and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/-gate ISFETs. The model is then used to predict the behavior of a hypothetical, partially pH-insensitive (REFET) structure. Finally, the model is utilized to fit the slow response of the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-gate ISFET to a pH stop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The effect of previous convective flux on the nonstationary diffusion through membranes. Network simulation

Isothermal diffusion-convection of binary solutions through both homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes has been studied using a network thermodynamic method. A network model for a system made up of a membrane between two external phases is proposed. With this network model and using the electrical circuit simulation program SPICE, the decay of the osmotic pressure across the membrane, taking into account the influence of the volume flow history on the initial concentration profile, has been simulated and calculated for both equal and unequal external concentrations.

Simulation of concentration polarization in electrokinetic processes by network thermodynamic methods

Simple techniques of network thermodynamics are used to study the influence of concentration polarization on the determination of electrokinetic properties of physical and biological membrane systems. A network model of the polarization phenomenon resulting from discontinuities in transport numbers between the membrane and their adjacent solutions is proposed. The concentration profiles and potential drop across the membrane in plugs of monodisperse polystyrene particles and in giant algal cells have been simulated using the electrical circuit simulation program SPICE.

Physical models for amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors and their implementation in a circuit simulation program

A semianalytic theory to describe both the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors on the basis of their physics of operation is presented. In this model, the drain current is directly related to the electron concentration at the source side of the channel. This enables one to describe the various regimes of operation of these devices (i.e. subthreshold or above threshold) using only one equation. The output conductance of these devices in saturation is also considered, and it is shown that the finite output impedance is a consequence of the drain voltage modulating the effective channel length by creating a space-charge limited current region of variable length near the drain. The results of this model are in good agreement both with experimental data and the results of comprehensive two-dimensional simulations. These device models have been successfully incorporated into a SPICE circuit simulation program. >

ADOPT-a CAD tool for analog circuit design

The structure and use of the ADOPT (Analog Design via Optimization) system are described. The ADOPT system consists of the circuit-simulation program SPICE, the nonlinear optimization program SUXES (Stanford University extractor of model parameters), and an interface subroutine called OPTLINK to link the two programs. The design of a third-order low-pass filter made up of seven transconductance elements is given as an example. >