Cinnamon Extract Research Articles

BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN DIASPORES OF Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. FOR QUALITY MAINTENANCE DURING STORAGE

The success of seed production and marketing depends on ideal conditions for storage. Some forest species have seed conservation problems due to the high incidence of fungi that reduce physiological quality. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of bioactive compounds in diaspores of Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) to maintain physiological quality and reduce the incidence of fungi during storage. For this, two factorial trials were set up: (i) application of four essential oils (cinnamon, clove, orange and melaleuca) at five concentrations (0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.0 mL.kg-1); and (ii) five plant extracts (clove, cinnamon, quina, garlic and lemongrass) at five concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Diaspores were evaluated at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days for germination, seed vigor and fungal incidence. The essential oils of clove (4.6 mL.kg-1) and melaleuca (3.7 mL.kg-1) and plant extracts of clove (71%) and lemongrass (73%) can be applied to maintain physiological quality and reduce the incidence of fungi during the storage of A. urundeuva diaspores. In addition to these, the essential oils of cinnamon (3.8 mL.kg-1) and orange (4.0 mL.kg-1) and plant extracts of cinnamon (72%) and quina (74%) can be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicide. Therefore, the application of products based on natural bioactive compounds is an alternative to the use of chemicals in sanitary control during the storage of A. urundeuva seeds.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КОРИЧНИКА ЦЕЙЛОНСКОГО КОРЫ ЭКСТРАКТА ЖИДКОГО

The mortality rate due to cardiovascular pathologies occupies a significant place. Reduced vascular resistance is the cause of diseases - coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, chronic and acute cerebral circulatory insufficiency, retinopathy, etc. Increasing vascular resistance to free radical, atherosclerotic, toxic, autoimmune and other types of damage is the most urgent task of treatment and prevention of vascular and many other destructive diseases of the central nervous system. Ceylon cinnamon is widely used in inflammatory processes, has antispasmodic, analgesic, tonic, antiseptic properties, is used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and is also a natural antibiotic, improves memory and concentration. By chemical composition, Ceylon cinnamon contains B vitamins, as well as macro- and microelements: iron, potassium, copper, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, calcium, zinc. The object of the study is a liquid extract of Ceylon cinnamon obtained by extraction using 70% ethyl alcohol. A method of quantitative determination for proanthocyanidins in a liquid extract of Ceylon cinnamon has been developed, which is based on the acid cleavage of proanthocyanidins in the presence of a catalyst (Fe3+ ions) to anthocyanidins. During the experiment, it was found out that the extract under study has an anti-inflammatory activity superior to the tincture of sabelnik and its angioprotective activity is proved to be significantly higher than the comparison drug "Blueberry Forte" produced by the pharmaceutical company "Evalar". The obtained research results show the prospects of using Ceylon cinnamon extract liquid for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.

Ameliorative effect of Cinnamon Extract against induced hepatotoxicity in Male rats

Ameliorative effect of Cinnamon Extract against induced hepatotoxicity in Male rats

Development and Validation of HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantification of Cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamon Bark Extract

Cinnamaldehyde is the prime constituent of cinnamon bark and cassia oil. It is used as a flavoring agent. Numerous methods described the determination of cinnamaldehyde based on volumetric analysis, ultraviolet spectrometry, fluorimetry, thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The natural absorbance of cinnamaldehyde is at 286 nm which is used as a base for its determination through spectrophotometry or a suitable derivatizing reagent is used for its estimation. Most of these methods were simultaneous estimation methods and if non-simultaneous than not sensitive. Therefore, in the present study, sensitive HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric procedures have been established for the estimation of cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamon extract. The retention time of cinnamaldehyde was 7.21 minutes and absorption maxima come out to be 282 nm. 2.55 ± 0.003 mg/ml quantity of cinnamaldehyde was present in the cinnamon extract which is detected by UV Spectrophotometric method. Accuracy information appeared in the range that gives decent recovery figures for both processes. Sensitivity data furnished LOD 0.062 μg/ml and LOQ 0.19 μg/ml for HPLC and LOD 0.104 μg/ml and LOQ 0.312 μg/ml for UV Spectrophotometric method. The developed methods were found to be rugged and robust. The repeatability, Inter-day,and Intra-day precision of cinnamaldehyde provided RSD below 2% presenting the planned process to be extremely specific. Various factors to validate HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric methods of cinnamaldehyde were estimated and both methods show no significant difference. Developed procedures were statistically checked as per ICH guidelines.

Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials.

To evaluate safety and efficacy of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CNKI, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of RA. The databases were searched from the time of their establishment to November 8nd, 2022. After 2 reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software. A total of 49 records (47 RCTs) were finally included, involving 3852 participants and 15 types of dietary polyphenols (Cinnamon extract, Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Curcumin, Garlic extract, Ginger extract, Hesperidin, Olive oil, Pomegranate extract, Puerarin, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Sesamin, Tea polyphenols, Total glucosides of paeony). Pomegranate extract, Resveratrol, Garlic extract, Puerarin, Hesperidin, Ginger extract, Cinnamon extract, Sesamin only involve in 1 RCT. Cranberry extract, Crocus sativus L. extract, Olive oil, Quercetin, Tea polyphenols involve in 2 RCTs. Total glucosides of paeony and Curcumin involve in more than 3 RCTs. These RCTs showed that these dietary polyphenols could improve disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28), inflammation levels or oxidative stress levels in RA. The addition of dietary polyphenols did not increase adverse events. Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc. However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022315645.

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of aqueous cinnamon extract against obesity associated dysregulation of pituitary-adrenal axis

Obesity is distinguished by unwanted and surplus accumulation of lipids in body principally in adipocytes. Inactive lifestyle and dietary irregularities are considered as premiers among a variety of obesogenic risk factors. Obesity is associated with variations in the concentration of trophic and tropic hormones from pituitary gland affecting different body parts and other endocrine glands including adrenal gland. Current study was design to explore the anti-obesity potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) against high sugar and high fat induced hyper-activity of pituitary-adrenal (PA) axis and obesity. Twenty-five healthy Wistar albino female rats were selected as model animal. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test, serum cortisol, hematology and histopathological analysis were performed. The high sugar and high fat induced increase in body eight was decline by cinnamon administration. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decreased concentration of RBCs and hemoglobin and increased WBCs and platelet count following sub-acute exposure of high sugar and high fat changes were attenuated by cinnamon. High sugar and fat associated elevated serum cortisol was normalized after cinnamon exposure. Moreover, cinnamon protected the histopathological alterations following high sugar and fat administration, showed protective effects of Cinnamon against obesity associated dysregulation of PA axis and metabolic impairment.

Bioactive Compositions of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Extracts and Their Capacities in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to ACE2, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) bark and its extracts are popular ingredients added to food and supplement products. It has various health effects, including potentially reducing the risk of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In our study, the bioactives in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts were chemically identified, and their potential in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding, reducing ACE2 availability, and scavenging free radicals was investigated. Twenty-seven and twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts, respectively. Seven compounds, including saccharumoside C, two emodin-glucuronide isomers, two physcion-glucuronide isomers, and two type-A proanthocyanidin hexamers, were first reported in cinnamon. Cinnamon water and ethanol extracts suppressed the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 and inhibited ACE2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Cinnamon ethanol extract had total phenolic content of 36.67 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and free radical scavenging activities against HO• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+) of 1688.85 and 882.88 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, which were significantly higher than those of the water extract at 24.12 mg GAE/g and 583.12 and 210.36 μmol TE/g. The free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) of cinnamon ethanol extract was lower than that of the water extract. The present study provides new evidence that cinnamon reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.

Bioactivity of Cinnamomum verum powder and extract against Cryptolestes ferrugineus S., Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera)

The world is heading to increase the productivity, quantity and quality, of basic crops, but the stored grain pests destroy all these efforts and reduce its quality. This study aims to assess activity of Cinnamomum verum powder and extract against Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Sitophilus granarius. Residual film of cinnamon was tested with and without grains (as contact toxicity). Repellent activity was estimated by using choice chamber method and waved filter paper for powder and extract, respectively. There were significant differences among all tested insects. S. granarius was more affected with cinnamon extract than C. ferrugineus followed by R. dominica. LC50 values were 1.01, 1.37 and 3.13% at 24 h. While, C. ferrugineus was more affected with powder than S. granarius followed by R. dominica. For repellent activity, C. ferrugineus was the most affected with the powder and extract followed by R. dominica and S. granarius, where, the mean repellent percentages were 100, 98 and 82% for the powder and 86.94, 62.78 and 29.44% for the extract, respectively. The repellent percentage increased with increasing the concentration and the time of exposure. Cinnamon powder and extract can be used as insecticide against stored grain pests by easy way and safety to human and the environment.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cinnamon Loaded BSA Microparticles with Antidiabetic Properties

Conventional medicine that is being used to treat diabetes exert adverse side effects and therefore scientists have focused on natural hypoglycemic agents. “Sri Wijaya” (CCSW) is an accession of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, which shows higher hypoglycemic activity. Pressured water extract of its dried quills can be used as an antidiabetic nutraceutical. Higher stability, ease of storage and transportation, make powder form nutraceuticals more preferred. The objective of this study was to develop cinnamon encapsulated microparticles as a powder form nutraceutical with higher hypoglycemic activity. Four different products were synthesized. Two of them were synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) (8.8 % (w/v), pH=5) in the presence of citric acid and ascorbic acid as cross-linking agents separately. The other products were synthesized using BSA (20 mg/ mL, pH=9) in the presence of same cross-linking agents. Antidiabetic activity of the products was determined using alpha-amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition assays and compared with that of crude cinnamon extract and positive control acarbose. Since the product synthesized using BSA (20 mg/ mL, pH=9) and citric acid showed the highest alpha amylase inhibition activity, solubility, cinnamon loading percentage and cinnamon entrapment efficiency those conditions were concluded as the optimum conditions required to synthesize microparticles with higher hypoglycemic activity. Particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of that product were 1.281 ± (0.004) µm, 0.460 ± (0.018) and -1.09 ± (0.03) mV respectively. According to the SEM image, microparticles have a spherical morphology. The UV-visible spectrum and the FT-IR spectrum confirm the entrapment of cinnamon compounds.

Antioxidant, Anti-Oral Cancer, and Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts: Development of Mouthrinse Formulations

Nowadays, there is growing interest in using medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents to treat microbial infections in the oral cavity. This study was aimed to evaluate phytochemical properties, anti-oral cancer and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and some potential oral lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum). Plant extracts including Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Acorus calamus (sweet flag), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal) were tested and used to formulate mouthrinses for oral health care. Cinnamon extract possessed the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content, and antioxidant activity (1,152.58 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g by phosphomolybdenum assay and 39.64 % nitric oxide radical scavenging activity), while roselle extract had the highest total alkaloids. Only lesser galangal extract displayed anti-oral cancer activity with 97.83 % cytotoxicity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of galangin and kaempferide in the lesser galangal rhizome extract. The cinnamon extract showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (4 mg/mL MIC). Cinnamon extract (24 mg/mL) and cinnamaldehyde (0.08 mol/L) exhibited the best killing effect and the highest cellular protein leakage in C. albicans. In addition, these plant extracts were used to develop mouthrinse formulations. The extracts of cinnamon and ginger at 10 % in mouthrinse formulations could strongly inhibit the growth of C. albicans. In comparison, 8 and 10 % roselle extracts showed the best inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus casei. In summary, cinnamon and lesser galangal were potential plants with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-biofilm and anti-oral cancer activities, and thus can be utilized to formulate oral care products. HIGHLIGHTS Lesser galangal was found to be a prominent anti-oral cancer plant Cinnamon was shown to be an interesting anti-Candida albicans plant Cinnamon, ginger and roselle extracts at 10 % in mouthrinse formulations exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. These plants can be used to incorporate into oral care products for treatment and prevention of oral diseases GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Antibacterial mechanism of mixed natural preservatives (ε-poly-lysine, cinnamon extract, and chestnut inner shell extract) against Listeria monocytogenes

This study investigated whether Listeria monocytogenes growth could be controlled using a combination of ε-poly-lysine, cinnamon extract, and chestnut inner shell extract in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and chicken meat juice. A mixed natural preservative (MNP) inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes by approximately 1 log CFU/mL in TSB. The cell surface characteristics of L. monocytogenes, as well as hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation, were negatively impacted by treatment with MNP, and cell motility was also significantly lowered by treatment with MNP. The relative expression levels of flagella-associated and virulence-associated genes in L. monocytogenes treated with MNP were lower than those in the control treated with TSB. The antibacterial activity of MNP was clearly observed in the SEM images. L. monocytogenes treated with MNP in chicken meat juice at 4 °C completely died within 48 h, indicating that MNP exerted antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes in chicken meat (an example of food media). Therefore, we suggest that the MNP composed of ε-poly-lysine, cinnamon extract, and chestnut inner shell extract had sufficient antibacterial effect against L. monocytogenes and may be utilized as an antibacterial agent in the food industry.

Comparison Effectiveness Of Ice Pack Therapy And Cinnamin Decil On Reduce Perineal Wound Pain In Padasuka Village Working Area, Kab. Lebak The Year 2022

Background : WHO (2018) states that the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), there are approximately 830 women who die every day due to things that can actually be anticipated which are generally related to the process of pregnancy and childbirth. Pain or morbidity that occurs early in the puerperium is generally caused by the influence of mastitis, urinary tract infections, infections of episiotomy and laceration wounds, and other diseases. The puerperium is the period since the birth of the baby, the discharge of the amniotic fluid, the birth of the placenta, and the membranes needed to restore the health condition of the uterine organs back to their pre-pregnancy state.. This period generally occurs around 6 weeks. The general condition in postpartum mothers is feeling of pain and discomfort in the area of ​​ruptured sutures (perineal wounds).Purpose : Knowing the Comparative Effectiveness of Ice Pack Therapy and Cinnamon Decoction on Reducing Perineal Wound Pain in Padauka Village in 2022Method : The method in this research is experiment. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental. The population in this study were all postpartum mothers in the working area of ​​Padasuka Village, Kab. Lebak as many as 87 samples. The sample in this study was 30 postpartum mothers. The sampling technique is Purposive Sampling.Result : There is a comparative effect of ice pack and cinnamon extract therapy on reducing the intensity of perineal wound pain level II, this is in line with the results of the Mann Whitney U test with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05.Conclusion and Suggestion : There is a comparison of the effect of ice pack therapy and cinnamon extract on reducing pain intensity in grade II penrineal wounds. Treatment of perineal tear pain during the postpartum period is an important thing that is needed by postpartum mothers, therefore it is very necessary to have a good treatment and intensive care that is able to overcome the mother's complaints of felt wound pain so that the mother feels comfortable during her postpartum period.

Fabrication of Reduced Ag Nanoparticle Using Crude Extract of Cinnamon Decorated on ZnO as a Photocatalyst for Hexavalent Chromium Reduction

The crude extract of cinnamon (after abbreviated as KM) was used to produce silver nanoparticles (AgKM). This was subsequently utilized for the hydrothermal production of a composite consisting of AgKM decorated on zinc oxide (AgKM/ZnO) as a photocatalyst for reducing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Several methods e.g., XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, PL, and RDB-PAS were used to analyze the optical and physicochemical properties of ZnO/AgKM samples in order to better comprehend the impact of the development of the AgKM-ZnO heterojunction in comparison to pure ZnO. In 60 min, the optimized ZnO/AgKM reduced Cr(VI) by more than 98%, with a rate constant 63 times faster than that of pure ZnO. The enhancement of the separation and transportation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, as proven by a decrease in photoluminescence intensity when compared with ZnO, was attributed to the composite’s higher Cr(VI) reduction rate. Also, the formation of a new electronic level was created when AgKM are loaded on the surface of ZnO in the composites, as shown by the energy-resolved distribution of the electron trap (ERDT) pattern resulting to enhancement of light absorption ability by narrowing the energy band gap. Thus, ZnO/AgKM composite’s photocatalytic efficacy was enhanced by its narrow energy band gap and reduced charge recombination. Therefore, the newly produced ZnO/AgKM composite can be used as a photocatalyst to purify Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Bark Extract after In Vitro Digestion Simulation.

Cinnamon bark is widely used for its organoleptic features in the food context and growing evidence supports its beneficial effect on human health. The market offers an increasingly wide range of food products and supplements enriched with cinnamon extracts which are eliciting beneficial and health-promoting properties. Specifically, the extract of Cinnamomum spp. is rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer biomolecules. These include widely reported cinnamic acid and some phenolic compounds, such asproanthocyanidins A and B, and kaempferol. These molecules are sensitive to physical-chemical properties (such as pH and temperature) and biological agents that act during gastric digestion, which could impair molecules' bioactivity. Therefore, in this study, the cinnamon's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity after simulated digestion was evaluated by analyzing the chemical profile of the pure extract and digested one, as well as the cellular effect in vitro models, such as Caco2 and intestinal barrier. The results showed that the digestive process reduces the total content of polyphenols, especially tannins, while preserving other bioactive compounds such as cinnamic acid. At the functional level, the digested extract maintains an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect at the cellular level.

Phytochemical Screening of Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) (C. Ness & T. Ness) C. Ness ex Blume Ethanol Extract and Antioxidant Activity Test with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Method.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) is one of the spices that can be used as cosmetic preparations in the pharmaceutical industry because it contains potent antioxidants. Examples of cosmetic products containing cinnamon are body scrubs, body showers, and moisturizers. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of cinnamon extract using the DPPH method. Cinnamon was extracted using the maceration technique with 96% ethanol solvent, and phytochemical screening was carried out. The results of phytochemical screening from cinnamon bark extract were alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity obtained an IC50 value of 25.35 ppm. Based on these results, the cinnamon extract has a very strong antioxidant activity value.

Changes in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Hematological Profile and Serum Biochemical Markers After Dietary Administration of γ-irradiated Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) Ethanolic Extract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of γ-irradiated cinnamon ethanolic extract on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, lysozyme activity level and hematological factors in the juvenile rainbow trout. The fish were divided into five groups, including control group and four experimental groups (received diets enriched with 10 g/kg of non-irradiated or irradiated CEE at the radiation doses of 10, 20 and 40 KGy. At the end of the feeding trial (60` days), 10 fish were sampled from each tank after 12 h of feed deprivation. The results showed that the fish dietary irradiated CEE at doses of 10 KGy and 20 KGy had significantly higher final weights, weight gain, specific growth rates and growth hormone levels, and lower feed conversion ratios compared to the other groups (P≤0.05). The blood glucose level significantly lowered in the fish group fed with dietary γ-irradiated CEE, and increased the activity of lysozyme activity level and digestive enzymes compared to the control group (P≤0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of γ-irradiated CEE at a dose of 10 KGy can enhance the positive effects of cinnamon extract and improve the growth performance, digestion and lysozyme activity in juvenile rainbow trout.

Aqueous cinnamon extract ameliorates bowel dysfunction and enteric 5-HT synthesis in IBS rats.

Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced post-inflammatory IBS-D rat model are characterized by visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea. This study used the two models to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract (CE) on bowel symptoms. The MS rat model was also used to explore its underlying anti-IBS mechanism. cinnamon extract reduced defecation frequency and visceral hyperalgesia in MS rats in a dose-dependent manner and effectively improved visceral hyperalgesia in TNBS rats. The efficacy of cinnamon extract was comparable to the positive drug serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3) selective antagonist, Ramosetron. Excessive 5-HT, a well-known pathogenic factor for IBS, in the colon and circulation of IBS rats was reduced after cinnamon extract intervention. Both, gene and protein levels of the colonic 5-HT synthetase, Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), were also decreased in CE-treated IBS rats. In addition, a luciferase assay revealed that cinnamon extract and its major components, catechin, procyanidin B1/2, cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol, significantly inhibited Tph1 transcription activity in vitro. These findings illustrated that aqueous cinnamon extract partially attenuated bowel symptoms in IBS models by directly inhibiting Tph1 expression and controlling 5-HT synthesis. This provides a scientific viewpoint for the use of cinnamon as a folk medication to treat IBS.

Effect of Different Types of Denture Cleansers on Hardliner Surface Roughness


 Introduction: Hard liner is a denture relining material which can be used directly at the chairside in brief time. The characteristic of the hardliner is its susceptibility towards porosity which consequently resulting biofilm accumulation and Candida albicans colonization. Thus, there is a need for denture cleaning. Alkaline peroxide is a type of denture cleanser which is widely used, but it could affect the physical properties of hard liner. One of the traditional ingredients that have the potential to be used as an alternative to denture cleanser is cinnamon. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of denture cleansers on the surface roughness of hard liner. Method: Twelve cylindrical hard liner specimens (15mm x 10mm, ASTM: D-2240 64T) were divided into three groups: group I (immersed in distilled water), group II (immersed in alkaline peroxide) and group III (immersed in 1.5% extract cinnamon). All specimens were soaked for 15 minutes/day for 7 days. Surface roughness was measured using surface roughness tester (Handysurf E-MC-S24B Japan). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni (α=0.05). Results: The highest average of surface roughness was shown on specimens immersed in alkaline peroxide, followed by specimens immersed in 1.5% cinnamon extract and distilled water, respectively. There were a significant difference in surface roughness values in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of type of denture cleanser on the surface hardness of hard liner.

Aqueous Extract of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.): Role in Cancer and Inflammation.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.; family Lauraceae), a plant widely used as a spice and flavoring agent and in the perfume industry, has high therapeutic value. However, the components and chemical properties of cinnamon extracts vary depending on the part of the plant, the method, and the solvent used for extraction. Green extraction methods using safe and green solvents have gained increased interest in recent years. Water is an environmentally friendly and safe green solvent widely used for preparing cinnamon extracts. This review focuses on the various preparation techniques for the aqueous extract of cinnamon, its major bioactive components, and their beneficial roles in different pathological conditions, specifically cancer and inflammation. The aqueous extract of cinnamon contains several bioactive compounds, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and polyphenols, and exerts anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties by altering key apoptotic and angiogenic factors. The whole extract is a better anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent than the purified fractions, indicating a synergistic effect between various components. Studies have indicated that aqueous cinnamon extract has immense therapeutic potential, and to better understand its synergistic effects, extensive characterization of the aqueous extract and its potential to be used with other therapies should be explored.

Formulation and Optimization of Functional Milk Beverage using D – optimal Mixture Design

Functional foods are in great demand worldwide because of their many health benefits. As milk is a nutrient-dense diet that comprises all vital nutrients, it can be utilized as the primary base to produce a variety of functional foods. Ginger, cinnamon and pumpkin possess tremendous nutritional and therapeutic properties such as stimulating the digestive system, lowering blood cholesterol levels and exhibiting antioxidant,antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-carcinogenic activities, preventing oxidative stress-related diseases and in the ageing process. In this study, aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts and pumpkin pulp were made and their functional properties like antioxidant activity and total phenolic content have been evaluated. Functional milk beverage was made using milk, cinnamon aqueous extract, ginger aqueous extract and yellow pumpkin pulp. The level of inclusion of these components was optimized using D-optimal mixture design (Design Expert Software) with regard to sensory attributes.The optimized level of functional milk beverage was chosen based on the desirability of the design and the range assigned to each response. The level of incorporation of milk, pumpkin pulp, aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts were optimized at 40%, 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively. The antioxidant activity of the cinnamon aqueous extract, ginger aqueous extract, pumpkin pulp and optimized functional milk beverage was found to be 69.95 ± 0.07 %, 56.45 ± 0.08 %, 25.80 ± 0.10 and 60.53 ± 0.03 % respectively. The total phenolic content of cinnamon aqueous extract, ginger aqueous extract, pumpkin pulp and optimized functional milk beverage were 450.88 ± 0.03 mgGAE/100g, 106.93 ± 0.02 mgGAE/100g, 15.59 ± 0.09 mgGAE/100g and 280.63 ± 0.02 mgGAE/100g respectively