Chungcheong Province Research Articles

영유아 교사의 가족건강성과 교사⋅영유아의 상호작용 간의 관계

Objectives This study aim to explore the mediating effect of infant teacher’s emotional expression on the relationship between family health and teacher-infant interaction.
 Methods The data were analyzed from 322 infant teachers in Daejeon, Sejong City, and South Chungcheong Province. Reliability analysis, technical statistics, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis of each scale were conducted using the SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS Macro Model 4.
 Results Research results were as follows. First, the correlations between infant teacher's family health, teacher-infant interaction, and emotional expression were significant. Second, the mediating effect of emotional expression was significant in the relationship between family health and teacher-infant interaction.
 Conclusions The results of this study suggest that it is important to promote teacher's family health and emotional expression In order to improve the quality of interaction between teachers and young children. Also, It suggests the necessity of finding an intervention method that helps improve positive emotional expression.

Photosynthetic responses of large old Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees to different growth environments

Large old trees, which provide ecosystem services and serve as a historical and cultural heritage, are exposed to various environmental threats, such as habitat fragmentation and climate change, necessitating diagnosis of tangible and intangible stresses and their effects on tree growth for effective management. This study investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of 25 large old Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees in Chungcheong Province, Korea, and identified the physical environmental factors affecting their physiological responses. Maximum assimilation rate (Amax) was the highest in July (summer), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) increased from May (spring) to September (fall), and water use efficiency (WUE) was the highest in May (spring) and decreased until September (fall). Amax decreased as tree height increased. Ambient CO2 and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were negatively correlated with photosynthetic parameters throughout the growth season and in July (summer) and September (fall), respectively. Physical environmental factors exhibited complex effect on physiological activities, which increased with wide growth space and decreased with deep soil covering and high impervious ground surface ratio. Physiological responses differed with surface types within the growth space, with bare land showing higher mean Amax, E, and gs than areas with mulching material or concrete. This study quantitatively determined the physiological activities of large old Z. serrata and proposes appropriate management measures for ensuring their healthy growth in abiotic stress environment.

The Effects on the Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention for Beauty Service Quality Risk Perception Factors of MZ Generation

This study investigated the degree of influence of risk factors on beauty service quality on satisfaction with beauty service quality and intention to use beauty shops among MZ generation women in Daejeon, Chungcheong province. The results are as follows. The risk perception of beauty service quality was similar for both Generation M and Generation Z, and no statistical significance was found. In satisfaction with beauty service quality, Generation M was found to be slightly higher than Generation Z in physical, economic, performance, and service quality. The perception of intention to use beauty shop services was similar between Generation M (M=4.24) and Generation Z (M=4.12), and there was no statistically significant difference. Technical, physical, economic, performance, and environmental risk perception, which are sub-areas of beauty service quality risk perception, had a negative correlation with service quality satisfaction and beauty shop service use behavior intention. The sub-area of beauty service quality satisfaction was found to have a positive correlation with the behavioral intention to use beauty shop services. In addition, in the impact of beauty service quality risk perception on beauty service quality satisfaction, technical, performance, and environmental risk perception were found to have a significant negative influence. In the impact of beauty service quality risk perception on the intention to use beauty shop services, technical and environmental risk perception were found to have a significant negative influence. In the impact of service quality satisfaction on the intention to use beauty shop services, technical, performance, and environmental satisfaction were found to have a significant positive(+) effect, and physical satisfaction was found to have a significant negative(-) effect. Therefore, it is believed that the results of this study can be used not only as basic data for research in this field, but also as data for marketing strategies.

영유아 교사의 자아탄력성과 직무만족도 간의 관계

Objectives This study aim to explore the mediating effect of early childhood teacher’s recognition of pro-fessionalism on the relationship between ego-resilience and job satisfaction.
 Methods The data were analyzed from 306 early childhood teachers in Daejeon, Sejong City, and South Chungcheong Province. Reliability analysis, technical statistics, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and me-diating effect analysis of each scale were conducted using the SPSS 21.0 and PROCESS Macro Model 4.
 Results Research results were as follows. First, the correlations between early childhood teacher’s ego-resil-ience, job satisfaction, and recognition of professionalism were significant. Second, the mediating effect of recog-nition of professionalism was significant in the relationship between ego-resilience and job satisfaction.
 Conclusions The results of this study empirically verified the mediating effect of recognition of professionalism on the effect of ego-resilience of early childhood teachers on job satisfaction, and provides useful implications for program development or intervention to improve job satisfaction of early childhood teachers.

Methylococcus mesophilus sp. nov., the first non-thermotolerant methanotroph of the genus Methylococcus, from a rice field.

Strain 16-5T, a mesophilic methanotroph of the genus Methylococcus, was isolated from rice field soil sampled in Chungcheong Province, Republic of Korea. Strain 16-5T had both particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases and could only grow on methane and methanol as electron donors. Strain 16-5 T cells are Gram-negative, white to light tan in color, non-motile, non-flagellated, diplococcoid to cocci, and have the typical type I intracytoplasmic membrane system. Strain 16-5T grew at 18-38 °C (optimum, 27 °C) and at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0). C16 : 1 ω7c (38.8%), C16 : 1 ω5c (18.8%), C16 : 1 ω6c (16.8%) and C16 : 0 (16.9%) were the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid were the major polar lipids. The main respiratory quinone was methylene-ubiquinone-8. Strain 16-5T displayed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to other taxonomically recognized members of the genus Methylococcus, i.e. Methylococcus capsulatus TexasT (98.62%) and Methylococcus geothermalis IM1T (98.49 %), which were its closest relatives. It did, however, differ from all other taxonomically described Methylococcus species due to some phenotypic differences, most notably its inability to grow at temperatures above 38 °C, where other Methylococcus species thrive. Its 4.34 Mbp-sized genome has a DNA G+C content of 62.47 mol%, and multiple genome-based properties such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization value distanced it from its closest relatives. Based on the data presented above, this strain represents the first non-thermotolerant species of the genus Methylococcus. The name Methylococcus mesophilus sp. nov. is proposed, and 16-5T (=JCM 35359T=KCTC 82050T) is the type strain.

직무환경이 노인요양시설 요양보호사의 이직 의도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of the study is to suggest a plan to prevent turnover of nursing care workers by revealing the impact of work environment on turnover intention among various variables that affect turnover intention. The subjects of the study are care workers working in elderly care facilities. To collect data, questionnaires were obtained from 280 care workers working in elderly care facilities in North and South Chungcheong Provinces, and descriptive statistics, mean difference, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. As a result of the study, the variables that influenced the turnover intention of nursing care workers were work-related variables such as wages, break time, number of residents in charge, and work-related diseases, and interpersonal and organizational factors also influenced turnover intention. Based on the research results, it was suggested to establish wage guidelines for nursing care workers, prepare regulations for night rest time and the number of residents in charge, and prepare measures to prevent musculoskeletal diseases.

노인일자리전담기관 사회복지사의 조직공정성과 이직의도의 관계에서 직무만족과 직무소진의 매개효과

The study purpose is analyzing the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention and the mediating effect
 of job satisfaction and job burnout of social workers in senior employment agencies. A survey was conducted on 248 social workers of
 26 agencies in Daejeon and Chungcheong provinces. The main analysis methods are confirmatory factor analysis/structural equation modeling.
 The analysis results are as follows: Firstly, all the paths between the main variables of this study are significant. Secondly, it is analyzed
 that the mediating effect of job satisfaction and job burnout is significant in the relationship between organizational justice and turnover
 intention of social workers in the agency. Based on the analysis results, practical measures to reduce social workers’ turnover intention
 and to effectively promote the senior employment and social activity support programme are as follows: Firstly, to increase organizational
 justice, it is necessary to reduce the ratio of non-regular workers, involve social workers in organizational decision-making, and form
 organizational culture of smooth communication. Secondly, for improving job satisfaction, it is desirable to strengthen ethical awareness,
 support for self-development, and support for emotional labor. Thirdly, it is important to provide appropriate supervision and operate a
 family-friendly institution to alleviate job burnout. I hope that researches on field measures to decrease the turnover intention of the workforce
 of the senior employment agency will continue.

Statistical Estimation of Soil Carbon Stocks in Chungcheong Province through Digital Soil Mapping and Multiple Linear Regression

Statistical Estimation of Soil Carbon Stocks in Chungcheong Province through Digital Soil Mapping and Multiple Linear Regression

스크린골프 동호회 참가자의 여가경험과 가치지향성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aims to investigate the leisure experiences and value orientations of participants in a screen golf club using a qualitative research method called the constant comparison method. A total of 8 screen golf club members in Chungcheong Province participated in this study, selected based on theoretical sampling. The data collected for this study were analyzed using the constant comparison method, which is commonly used in qualitative research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, the participants’ leisure experiences in screen golf were characterized by the symbolism and accessibility of golf, as well as constraints on women’s leisure. Secondly, the participants’ value orientationsin screen golf were manifested through the pursuit of victory and quantified competitiveness, as well as interpersonal relationships.

중학교 학생선수의 학습권 보장에 대한 인식과 인식 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of student-athletes regarding the guarantee of their right to study, and to identify the factors that have influenced their perception formation. Through this, we intend to find the fundamental data necessaryto construct an institutional policy to reinforce and/or improve the student-athletes’ consideration of the right to study.BR Method: In this study, using purposeful sampling, six male student-athletes with different characteristics were selected from the student players who belong to the baseball club of a middle school located in the Chungcheong province. For data collection, various qualitative data were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews, personal documents from open questionnaires, and focus group interviews. In order to analyze the collected data, inductive category analysis was performed through constant comparison, following the procedures of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In order to ensure the accuracy of the collected data and to enhance the validity of the resulting research findings, triangulation was conducted using various data sources, including individual in-depth interviews, personal documents, and focus group interviews. Also, among the strategies to increase the validity suggested by Merriam (1998), various techniques, such as peer review and member check, were employed.BR Results: The results of this study were classified into three major categories: ‘the meaning of study for me,’ ‘my view on learning,’, and ‘factors affecting the formation of considerations of the right to study’. In the ‘meaning of studying for me’ classified into the first broad category, both positive and negative perceptions about guaranteeing the right to study appeared. In the second major category, ‘my view on learning’, the participation attitudes in the period approaching the competition and the off-season period were different. It is likely that it does not occur in normal classes. Third, ‘factors related to educational context’ and ‘factors related to the educational system’ appeared in ‘factors affecting the formation of consideration of the right to study’. In the factors related to the educational context, parents and instructors had a positive effect, while in the factors related to the educational system, the minimum academic achievement system and e-school system had a negative effect.BR Conclusion: There is a need for the interest of parents and instructors and more effective institutional improvement to help student athletes form awareness of the significance of right for learning.

A Study on the Utilization and Satisfaction of Convenience Store Lunchbox by Food-Related Lifestyle: On the Adults in their 20s and older in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong Provinces

본 연구는 편의점 도시락을 이용한 경험이 있는 성인 817명을 대상으로 식생활 라이프 스타일에 따른 편의점 도시락 이용현황과 만족도 차이를 분석하였고 편의점 도시락 시장에 효율적인 메뉴 구성과 개선 방향을 제안하는 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 식생활 라이프 스타일 유형을 군집분석한 결과는 미각추구 집단, 경제추구 집단, 편의추구 집단, 건강추구 집단 등의 4가지 집단으로 군집화되었다. 도시락 이용현황을 살펴보면 도시락 제품 구매가격은 3,500~4,000원이었고, 도시락은 주로 점심 식사용으로, 혼자 먹는 것으로 나타났다. 편의점 도시락에 대한 정보를 얻는 곳으로는 편의점 매장, 인터넷 SNS 순이었다(p<0.05). 도시락은 영양성분을 고려하여 구매하였고(p<0.001) 중요한 영양소는 단백질, 열량, 나트륨이라고 하였다. 도시락의 용기는 위생적이고 청결해야 하며 용기 표면에 제품에 대한 정보를 부착하는 것을 중요하게 생각하고 있었다(p<0.01). 4개의 군집 중 경제추구 집단은 도시락의 맛(3.66점)과 양(3.60점)에서 가장 만족도가 높았고(p<0.001), 다음은 가격(3.49점), 열량(3.43점)순이었다(p<0.01). 건강추구 집단은 메뉴의 다양성(3.76점)에서 만족도가 높은 반면 편의추구 집단은 메뉴의 다양성(3.47점)에서 만족도가 낮게 나타났고(p<0.05), 모든 집단에서 도시락 구매의 편리성(p<0.001)과 제품브랜드의 신뢰성, 다양한 할인제공도 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 음식의 영양과 조미료의 첨가 여부는 상대적으로 낮은 만족도를 보였다. 도시락의 밥종류로는 백미밥을 선호하였고(p<0.001) 좋아하는 식재료는 육류인 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 모든 집단에서 밥과 찬으로 구성된 도시락을 좋아하였고 저염식과 고단백식을 지향하였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 앞으로도 편의점 도시락은 계속 이용할 것이며(p<0.01), 주변인에게 구매의 편리함과, 저렴한 가격, 신선한 재료, 풍부한 영양 등으로 도시락 이용을 추천하겠다고 하였다. 본 연구의 조사결과 모든 집단에서 가장 중요한 요인은 맛으로 나타났으며, 편리성에서 가장 높은 만족도를 보였지만 음식의 영양과 조미료의 첨가 여부는 상대적으로 낮은 만족도를 나타냈다. 따라서 편의점 도시락 시장이 성장하기 위해서는 도시락의 품질개선과 다양한 메뉴 개발 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.This study investigated the utilization and satisfaction of lunchboxes according to food-related lifestyle. A sample of 819 adults who regularly purchased lunchboxes were studied. This study can provide basic data for effective menu development. The participants of the study were classified into 4 groups: a ‘taste-seeking group’, an ‘economy-seeking group’, ‘a convenience-seeking group’, and a ‘health-seeking group’. The purchase price of lunchboxes was in the range of 3,500 to 4,000 won. The ‘health-seeking group’ was shown to spend the highest amount on lunchboxes, over 5,100 won. Information about lunchboxes was obtained primarily through convenience stores followed by Internet SNS (p<0.05). Most participants considered nutritional value when purchasing a lunchbox (p<0.001), of which protein, caloric, and sodium content were perceived as important. Moreover, lunchboxes with clean and hygienic aesthetics were preferred amongst the ‘health-seeking group’ (p<0.01). The ‘economy-seeking group’ had a higher satisfaction linked with taste (3.66) and quantity (3.60, p<0.001). Furthermore, in terms of the satisfaction with a menu variety the ‘health-seeking group’ showed the highest satisfaction with a score of 3.76, while the ‘convenience-seeking group’ ranked the lowest satisfaction with a score of 3.46 (p<0.05). All groups were satisfied with the convenience for purchasing lunchbox (p<0.001). Additionally, most participants preferred white rice (p<0.001) and meat (p<0.01) with cooked by fried and grilled. Lastly, in the content of the lunchbox use in the future, most participants indicated the intent for continuous use (p<0.01) and recommendation to others with the reason for the low price (19.2%) in the ‘economy-seeking group’, fresh ingredients (16.2%) in the ‘convenience-seeking group’, and nutritive (17.3%) in the ‘health-seeking group’, as well as for the convenience of purchase in the overall groups. Taken together, ‘taste’ and ‘convenience’ were the most important factors for all groups, while ‘nutrition of food’ and ‘addition of condiments’ scored relatively low on the satisfaction in all groups. Therefore, we recommend for the growth of the convenience store lunchbox market, that it is necessary to improve the quality of the lunchbox by developing various menus based on lifestyle group and fortifying nutrition.

Capturing key function-focused care problems, nursing diagnoses, and interventions for nursing home patients using a web-based case management system.

The aim of this study is to identify the key functional care problems, NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, and intervention plans related to function-focused care (FFC) using a web-based case management system for patients who present different cognitive status. This study employed a retrospective descriptive research design. Data were obtained from system records on patients after the research team trained the case management system at a nursing home in Dangjin in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. A total of 119 inpatient records were analyzed. The key physical, cognitive, and social functional problems, nursing diagnoses in six domains (health promotion, elimination and exchange, activity/rest, perception/cognition, coping/stress tolerance, and safety/protection), and intervention plans were identified. The identified FFC case management information of interdisciplinary caregivers will provide evidence for the implementation of effective interventions according to a patient's functional status. Additional studies related to the establishment of a large clinical database of advanced case management systems focusing on interdisciplinary caregivers' functional management are needed to support the prioritization of functional care.

조선시대 관찬 지리지에 기록된 주요 김 생산지 연구

The official geography of the Joseon Dynasty refers to a book compiled by the government. Since the geographies were recorded by each local authority, accurate information on laver production can be identified. In this study, we investigated the laver production areas recorded in the official geographies of the Joseon Dynasty, and considered the changes by period. The laver production areas recorded in the ‘Gyeongsang-do Jiriji (1425)’ and ‘Sejong Sillok Jiriji (1454)’, were several districts on the southeastern coast of the Gyeongsang Province, and Taean County, Chungcheong Province. In the ‘Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam (1530)’, a total of 37 laver production areas were recorded, and the number of the laver production areas increased nearly five times compared to the ‘Sejong Sillok Jiriji’. The laver production areas have been greatly expanded to the south-central part of the Korean Peninsula. It can be assumed that spread of laver production and manufacturing techniques, development of aquaculture method, and/or detailed investigation of local fisheries affected this expansion at that time. The records of laver production areas in ‘Yeojidoseo (1760)’, were similar to those of ‘Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam’, but Hwanghae Province was newly added. These results are considered to be meaningful basic data for the study of the laver farming history in Korea.

Influencing factors on self-care of older adults living alone in a community during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the self-care of older adults living alone in a community during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 160 older adults living alone in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Chung-cheong province using self-care, health conservation, psychological well-being, and self-esteem scales. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, analysis of variance ANOVA, and Hierarchial stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/Windows version 25.0 program.Results: The greatest variables affecting the self-care for older adults living alone were compliance with COVID-19 quarantine rules (β=-.04, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.054), interactions with the neighborhood (β=-.06, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.029), economic status (β=.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.008), health conservation (β=.29, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), psychological well-being (β=.18, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;=.008), and self-esteem (β=.35, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). The explanatory power of these variables was 70.0% (F=18.45, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001).Conclusion: Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, these factors were highly mutually related to older adults living alone, so it is necessary for older adults living alone to actively participate in self-care programs using direct and indirect community resources.

The relationship between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy, and health-promoting behavior in nursing students during COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety (R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r = -0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors (R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion (β = -0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status (β = -0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week (β = -0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health (β = -0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL (β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.

지방 소재 대학 신입생의 진로성숙에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the factors affecting the career maturity of college freshmen enrolled in local universities, and to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial aptitude level and self-efficacy on career maturity.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, the entrepreneurship aptitude test, the job search readiness test, and the career readiness test were conducted for freshmen at University A in Chungcheong Province. In addition, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using a total of 257 responses.&#x0D; Results First, the correlation analysis for each sub-factor of entrepreneurial aptitude level, career maturity, and job search readiness showed a positive relationship. Second, it was shown that the level of entrepreneurial aptitude and job search readiness had a positive effect on career maturity. Third, it was found that the sub-factors of self-efficacy in entrepreneurial aptitude level and job search readiness were affecting career maturity.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on the main research results, it was suggested that a startup education program and a self- efficacy improvement program are needed for college freshmen at local universities.

임진왜란 기 ‘이몽학의 난’에 대하여

In the mid-Joseon period, there were signs of social and economic collapse of people's livelihoods, but with the outbreak of the Imjin War, the suffering of the people became even worse. The people's lives were miserable due to the continuous famine and excessive labor, the burden of military service between the Ming and Joseon forces, and the spread of the plague across the country. In addition, as they were mobilized for acid contraction in each region under the guise of defending against Japan's re-invasion, the dissension of public sentiment intensified. In this situation, people's distrust and dissatisfaction with the ruling class expanded, causing riots in various places including Chungcheong Province.&#x0D; Among the revolts that occurred in the Hoseo area during the Imjin War, the largest and most influential rebellion was the Rebellion of Lee Mong-Hak (?~1596, Hometown: Jeonju) that occurred in July 1596 (29th year of King Seonjo). Compared to the accidental or unorganized rebellion that occurred in the early days of the Imjin War with dissatisfaction with the exploitation and corruption of the leaders, it showed a completely different aspect in scale and organization, such as insisting on the overthrow of the dynasty.&#x0D; The attitude towards the rebellion differed according to the class. From the point of view of the ruled class, they would have thought of it as a revolution to create a new world by replacing the incompetent ruling class who only engaged in extortion and exploitation. From the point of view of the ruling class, it was just a rebellion that directly challenged the maintenance of the dynasty's system and order during a disturbance. Interpretation of history may differ according to the passage of time, and that is why the evaluation of a specific event at that time and in the future also differs depending on the author.

Influence of Spirituality and Job Satisfaction on the Compassion Competence of Hospice Nurses.

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of spirituality and job satisfaction on the compassion competence of hospice nurses. This was a cross-sectional study of 118 hospice nurses from 16 hospitals in Daejeon, Chungcheong Province, and Jeolla Province. A self-administered survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire including the Spirituality Scale, Index of Work Satisfaction, the Compassion Competence Scale for Nurses, and general socio-demographic information. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical linear regression analysis using SPSS for Windows version 26.0. Compassion competence was correlated with spirituality (r=0.66, P<0.001) and job satisfaction (r=0.52, P<0.001), and spirituality was correlated with job satisfaction (r=0.44, P<0.001). Spirituality (β=0.513, P<0.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.273, P<0.001) were significant factors affecting the compassion competence of hospice nurses, after adjusting for the sociodemographic and work-related covariates. The step-by-step results from hierarchical linear regression analysis also indicated that spirituality had a stronger impact than job satisfaction on compassion competence. Our findings demonstrate the importance of spirituality, which plays a role in guiding the compassion competence of hospice nurses. It is necessary to support the spirituality and job satisfaction of hospice nurses, which could facilitate their compassion competence and thereby contribute to improving the quality of hospice and palliative care.

테니스라켓 브랜드이미지-자아이미지일치성과 기능적일치성, 브랜드신뢰, 브랜드태도 및 재구매의도의 구조적 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tennis racket brand image and consumer self-image congruence on functional congruity, brand trust, attitude toward brand and repurchase intention.BR Method: In order to accomplish the purpose of the study, we selected a sample population of male and female subjects who were over 20 years old who were tennis club members living in C-city and A-city, South Chungcheong Province. Sampling was conducted from January 19th to February 24th, 2019 for a total of 300 people who had experienced purchasing tennis rackets. As a sampling method, convenience sampling method was used and a self-administration method was used, which is a method for respondents to read and answer questions themselves. A total of 280 copies of the collected data were used as final validity samples, except for 20 copies which were deemed inadequate to be appropriate for the purposes of the data. Data processing was done using SPSSWIN Ver. 23.0 and AMOS Ver. 18.0 and after verifying the fit of the model, individual hypotheses were verified. The results of the study are as follows.BR Results: First, actual self-image congruence, which is one of the subfactors of brand image and self-image congruence in tennis racket, had a positive effect on functional congruity. Second, actual self-image congruence, which is one of the subfactors of brand image and self-image congruence in tennis racket, had a positive effect on brand trust. Third, functional congruity had a positive effect on brand trust. Fourth, functional congruity had a positive effect on attitude toward brand. Fifth, functional congruity had a positive effect on repurchase intention. Sixth, brand trust had a positive effect on attitude toward brand. Seventh, brand trust had a positive effect on repurchase intention. Eighth, attitude toward brand had a positive effect on repurchase intention.BR Conclusion: The result shows that the brand image and consumer self-image congruence in the tennis racket affect the repurchase intention through the structural relationship with functional congruity, brand trust, and attitude toward brand.

간호 대학생이 경험하는 사회적 재난(COVID-19)으로 인한간접외상과 스트레스 대처방식의 관계에서 감성지능의 매개효과

This study was conducted to confirm the mediating effect of social support in the relationshipbetween social indirect trauma and coping ability of nursing students who have to participate inclinical practice in the COVID-19. To this end, 142 nursing students attending two universitiesin Chungcheong Province participated, and the collected data were analyzed as SPSS 22.0. Theresults are as follows. There was a correlation between individual response to social indirecttrauma, wish-centered coping ability, and self-sensitivity understanding of emotional intelligenceand others. Therefore, the mediating effect analysis was conducted excluding social support.. As a result of the mediating effect analysis, it was found that self-sensitivity understanding andothers' s ensitivity understanding play a complete mediating role in the relationship betweensocial indirect trauma and wish-centered coping ability. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that a nursing education process is needed to help nursing students improve theircoping skills through the improvement of emotional intelligence.