Chung-Ang University Research Articles

Effective encoder-decoder network for pupil light reflex segmentation in facial photographs of ptosis patients

Accurate segmentation of pupil light reflexes is essential for the reliable assessment of ptosis severity, a condition characterized by the drooping of the upper eyelid. This study introduces a novel encoder-decoder network specialized in reflex segmentation by focusing on addressing issues related to very small regions of interest from an architectural perspective. Specifically, the proposed network is designed to exploit low-level features effectively by integrating a multi-level skip connection and a 1 × 1 convolution-enhanced initial encoding stage. Assessed using a photograph image dataset from Chung-Ang University Hospital, which includes 87 healthy subjects, 64 with ptosis, and 257 with Graves’ orbitopathy (collected between January 2010 and February 2023), the proposed network outperforms five conventional encoder-decoders. Over 30 trials, the proposed network achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.767 and an Intersection over Union of 0.653, indicating a statistically significant improvement in the segmentation of reflex. Our findings show that an elaborate design based on the lowest-level skip connection and 1 × 1 convolution at initial stage enhances the segmentation of pupil light reflexes. The source code of the proposed network is available at https://github.com/tkdgur658/ReflexNet.

Seasonality and epidemiological trends in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from various clinical specimens conducted during 2011–2022, Korea: a retrospective surveillance study

Background: As most Candida species cause opportunistic infections, it is helpful for patient care to determine species name of Candida spp. and their distribution in both sterile and non-sterile specimens. We aimed to investigate trends in the distribution of Candida species isolated from a hospital in Korea, along with their antifungal susceptibilities and seasonal variations. Methods: This study was conducted at the Chung-Ang University Hospital and included 8,760 different clinical specimens from March 2011 to December 2022. Identification of the fungal species and its antifungal susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK 2 ID-YST system for six drugs: amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, micafungin, and flucytosine. Results: The most common fungal species was Candida albicans. The C. albicans positivity rate gradually increased from 2012 to 2022. Since 2020, however, this trend reversed and the non-albicans Candida (NAC) superseded the count of C. albicans. Among the NAC, C. glabrata showed significant increase. When a weekly analysis was performed, C. glabrata was evenly distributed without any noticeable peak; however, the positive rate decreased from late December to early January across all years. Conclusion: Monitoring of future trends should necessarily be continued. Our findings revealed that the positive rate for Candida was the lowest in the months of December and January of the studied years, which can be attributed to environmental factors. However, further research needs to be conducted.

#767 Utility of cystatin C as a predictor for postoperative acute kidney injury in non-cardiac surgeries [S1

Abstract Background and Aims Serum creatinine has been widely utilized to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), although various biomarkers have been developed to address its limitations. Among these biomarkers, the clinical use of Cystatin C is increasingly gaining recognition. However, there is a lack of evaluation regarding the utility of cystatin C in predicting the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) in non-cardiac surgeries. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent non-cardiac surgeries more than 1 hour from five departments (general surgery, neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology [OBGY], orthopedics, and urosurgery) at Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2018 and 2020. Patients with missing baseline information, including creatinine and cystatin C, and those without follow-up serum creatinine levels were excluded. PO-AKI was defined as KDIGO-AKI criteria occurring within 7 days after surgery. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from 2012 and 2021 chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Logistic regression was used to develop a prediction model, and C-statistics and the Delong test were used to compare the performance. Baseline comorbidities (diabetes mellitus [DM] and hypertension), laboratory findings (hypoalbuminemia [serum albumin <3.5 g/dL], anemia [hemoglobin <12 g/dL for female or <13 g/dL for male], and hyponatremia [sodium <135 mEq/L]), medication usage within 90 days of surgery (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and renin-angiotensin-system [RAS] blocker), and operation information (Anesthesia type, emergency operation, and operation duration) were adjusted. Results Overall, 339 patients were enrolled, with 49 patients (14.5%) developed PO-AKI. The median age was 73.0 [64.0; 80.0]; eGFR-Cr 86.4 [65.5; 99.1] mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFR-Cystatin C 70.0 [45.2; 92.7] mL/min/1.73 m2; eGFR-Cr/Cystatin C 77.2 [54.5; 100.5] mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients who developed AKI had a higher prevalence of diabetes (AKI 49.0%, no AKI 28.3%; p-value 0.006) and prescription of RAS blockers (AKI 63.3%, no AKI 34.5%; p-value <0.001), longer operation duration (AKI 63.3%, no AKI 34.5%; p-value <0.001), and lower eGFR of all types (AKI: eGFR-Cr 69.8, eGFR-Cystatin C 48.0, eGFR-Cr/Cystatin C 57.2; no-AKI: eGFR-Cr 88.0, eGFR-Cystatin C 74.0, eGFR-Cr/Cystatin C 80.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; p-values <0.001). No statistical differences were observed in other laboratory findings between the two groups (Table 1). The model with eGFR-Cystatin C demonstrated the highest area under the curve (AUC) among the three models (eGFR-Cr: AUC 0.78, 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.702‒0.857; eGFR-Cystatin C: AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.735‒0.877; eGFR-Cr/Cystatin C: AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.724‒0.871). Only the eGFR-Cystatin C-based model showed significant improvement in prediction compared to the eGFR-Cr-based model in the Delong test (eGFR-Cystatin C vs eGFR-Cr: p-value 0.033; eGFR-Cr/Cystatin C vs eGFR-Cr: p-value 0.055, Fig. 1). Conclusion Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of cystatin C in predicting the risk of PO-AKI non-cardiac surgery in addition to conventional PO-AKI risk factors. Further studies including larger and external cohorts, are needed for validation.

Prediction of mild cognitive impairment using EEG signal and BiLSTM network

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive disease that primarily affects elderly persons. Patients with MCI have impairments in one or more cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. The risk of Alzheimer’s disease development is 10 times higher among individuals who meet the MCI diagnosis than in those who do not have such a diagnosis. Identifying the primary neurophysiological variations between those who are suffering from cognitive impairment and those who are ageing normally may provide helpful techniques to assess the effectiveness of therapies. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) are utilized to investigate the processing of sensory, cognitive, and motor information in the brain. ERPs enable excellent temporal resolution of underlying brain activity. ERP data is complex due to the temporal variation that occurs in the time domain. It is actually a type of electroencephalography (EEG) signal that is time-locked to a specific event or behavior. To remove artifacts from the data, this work utilizes Independent component analysis, finite impulse response filter, and fast Fourier transformation as preprocessing techniques. The bidirectional long short-term memory network is utilized to retain the spatial relationships between the ERP data while learning changes in temporal information for a long time. This network performed well both in modeling and information extraction from the signals. To validate the model performance, the proposed framework is tested on two benchmark datasets. The proposed framework achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy of 96.03% on the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset dataset and 97.31% on the Chung–Ang University Hospital EEG dataset for the classification tasks.

Publication Trends of Research on Adverse Event and Patient Safety in Nursing Research: A 8-Year Bibliometric Analysis.

Adverse events (AEs), which are associated with medical system instability, poor clinical outcomes, and increasing socioeconomic burden, represent a negative outcome of the healthcare system and profoundly influence patient safety. However, research into AEs remains at a developmental stage according to the existing literature, and no previous studies have systematically reviewed the current state of research in the field of AEs. Therefore, the aims of this study were to interpret the results of published research in the field of AEs through bibliometric analysis and to analyze the trends and patterns in the data, which will be important for subsequent innovations in the field. A statistical and retrospective visualization bibliometric analysis was performed on July 28, 2022. The research data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, and bibliometric citation analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R2, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology ( http://bibliometric.com/ ). A total of 1035 publications on AEs were included in the analysis. The number of articles increased annually from 2014 to 2022. Among them, the United States (n = 318) made the largest contribution, and Chung-Ang University (n = 20) was the affiliation with the greatest influence in this field. Despite notable international cooperation, a regional concentration of research literature production was observed in economically more developed countries. In terms of authors, Stone ND (n = 9) was the most productive author in the research of AEs. Most of the publications concerning AEs were cited from internationally influential nursing journals, and the Journal of Nursing Management (n = 62) was the most highly published journal. Regarding referencing, the article titled "Medical error-the third leading cause of death in the US" received the greatest attention on this topic (51 citations). After systematically reviewed the current state of research in the field of AEs through bibliometric analysis, and AEs highlighted medication errors, patient safety, according reporting, and quality improvement as essential developments and research hotspots in this field. Furthermore, thematic analysis identified 2 new directions in research, concerned with psychological safety, nurse burnout, and with important research value and broad application prospects in the future.

Complete genome sequence of bacteriocin-producing Ligilactobacillus salivarius B4311 isolated from fecal samples of broiler chicken with anti-listeria activity.

Ligilactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive lactobacilli commonly found in the intestinal tracts of vertebrates. It has been granted a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). One specific strain, Ligilactobacillus salivarius B4311, was isolated from fecal samples of broiler chickens from a farm associated with Chung-Ang University (Anseong, Korea). This strain was observed to have inhibitory effects against Listeria monocytogenes. In this paper, we present the complete genome sequence of Lig. salivarius B4311. The whole genome of strain B4311 comprises 2,071,255 bp assembled into 3 contigs representing a chromosome, repA-type megaplasmid, and small plasmid. The genome contains 1,963 protein-coding sequences, 22 rRNA genes, and 78 tRNA genes, with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 33.1%. The megaplasmid of strain B4311 was found to contain the bacteriocin gene cluster for salivaricin P, a two-peptide bacteriocin belonging to class IIb.

Education and Related Cases of Generative AI Utilization at Chung-Ang University

Education and Related Cases of Generative AI Utilization at Chung-Ang University

SPECIAL ISSUE EDITORIAL: The future of construction in the context of digital transformation (CONVR 2022)

ary This special issue of Information Technology in Construction is dedicated to exploring the future of construction in the context of digital transformation. The inspiration for this edition stemmed from the 22nd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality (CONVR 2022), which was held at Chung-Ang University in Seoul, South Korea. The overarching theme for CONVR 2022 was “The future of construction in the context of digital transformation and decarbonization”. With over 200 participants attending in person and many more joining online, the conference served as a platform for researchers to present innovative work on VR/AR, BIM, digital twins, IoT, artificial intelligence, construction automation, circular economy, and sustainability in the construction industry. The wealth of knowledge shared during the conference prompted us to invite the authors of outstanding papers to expand their contributions for publication in this special issue. The editors hope that this collection of articles will offer a glimpse into the current state of research on digitalization in the construction industry, and that it will serve as a valuable reference source for further research.

한국어 학습자의 어휘 사용 양상 종단 연구

The purpose of this study is conducting longitudinal examination on lexical use development aspects of Korean learner. Written texts ranging from level 1 to level 4 were collected by targeting one learner of Korean regular course affiliated with university. In order to observe lexical use aspects, lexical diversity, lexical density, and lexical sophistication corresponding to components of lexical abundance were estimated. As a result, it has been found that lexical abundance of achievement assessment written text was lower than written texts from classes. Lexical diversity was estimated by using D value. D value increased as Korean learning period and Korean proficiency increased. Likewise with D value, lexical sophistication also increased as Korean language learning period and proficiency increased. This proves that proficiency influences lexical diversity and quality. Lexical density value did not differ greatly from lexical diversity and lexical sophistication. However, in the intermediate course, the amount of content words corresponding to lexical density estimating categories increased sharply. This result shows that texts created by learner have vast information according to proficiency. This study is meaningful as the basic material of lexical ability estimation even though it is a mere longitudinal study which targeted one person(Chung-Ang University).

창작연희 개념 구성을 위한 시론

The objective of this research is to highlight the necessity of conceptualizing and establishing the concept of ‘Creative Yeonhui(연희)’ as an initial step in the study of creative Yeonhui. Therefore, it can be seen as a study with an exploratory and experimental discussion character for the full-scale study of creative Yeonhui. Recognizing the problems and limitations that the ambiguity and breadth of the existing traditional Yeonhui concept are difficult to explain the creative Yeonhui, the creative Yeonhui can understand the formation background relatively clearly compared to the traditional Yeonhui, and reviewed the background and current status of the creative Yeonhui. Accordingly, the background and current status of creative Yeonhui have been examined. By considering the background of formation, it is used as the scope of the current situation, and as a representative review of the creative activities of groups from the Yeonhui Department of Korea National University of Arts and the percussion Yeonhui Department of Chung-Ang University, the traditional Yeonhui mainly used by these groups are as follows. Pungmul(풍물), Kukdoogaksi Noleum(꼭두각시놀음. puppet play), shaman music, Namsadang play(남사당놀이), and Talchum(탈춤. mask dance). Also, depending on the educational background, the creations appeared to be of a different nature. Through this, it has been observed that depending on how the factors influencing the formation of creative Yeonhui are interpreted, there can be variations in the conceptualization and categorization of creative Yeonhui in comparison to the existing framework of Yeonhui research. An example of a creative Yeonhui concept that can be presented through this study is to consider Samulnori(사물놀이), which has become an important opportunity for Yeonhui history, and the establishment of Yeonhui in the university. this is how to set up categories and identify components. Starting with this study, I hope that follow-up research from various perspectives for the composition of the concept of creative Yeonhui will continue, and I hope that the discourse will be formed and there will be a place for discussion and consensus for the establishment of the concept of creative Yeonhui

#4489 EFFECT OF RENAL ARTERY CALCIFICATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND MORTALITY

Abstract Background and Aims Renal artery stenosis not only causes secondary hypertension and drug-resistant hypertension by enhancing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), but also causes ischemic acute/chronic kidney injury by impeding blood flow to the kidneys. Renal artery calcification (RAC) suggests chronic severe atherosclerotic changes, but the relationship between its severity and clinical prognosis has not been established. Method This study was conducted on subjects aged 60 years or older who had serum creatinine measured more than 3 times among patients prescribed and performed abdominal CT at Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 1, 2005 to February 28, 2020. The renal artery calcification score (RACS) was obtained by Agatston score measurement, and the incidence of AKI and mortality were compared between the groups. Results Of a total of 29,410 patients, 17,478 had no RAC and 11,932 was RAC (+). The median value of the group in which RACS was measured was 117.8. The prevalence and history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and history of cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in the RAC (+) group, lower eGFR and higher proteinuria, and higher prescribing rates of ARB or ACEi, spironolactone, and statin. In the group of RAC (+), the incidence of AKI (HR 1.231, CI 1.174-1.292, P<0.001, Figure1) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.265, CI 1.182-1.355, P<0.001) was high. Regardless of DM or RACS, the risk of AKI was higher in those who were prescribed ACEi or ARB (HR 1.786, CI 1.7-1.875, P<0.001). In patients with DM, mortality risk was reduced in those taking ACEi or ARB regardless of the presence of RACS (HR 0.759, CI 0.645-0.892, P<0.001). Conclusion RAC(+) was associated with higher AKI and mortality risk than RAC(-). The use of RAAS blockades increased the risk of AKI regardless of the presence of RAC, but reduced mortality in patients with DM regardless of the presence or absence of RACS.

The immunologic phenotype of thrombi is associated with future vascular events after cerebral infarction

BackgroundThrombi retrieved from patients with acute ischemic stroke may contain prognostic information.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the immunologic phenotype of thrombi and future vascular events in patients with a stroke.MethodsThis...

PO-03-166 CLINICAL FEASIBILITY OF MINIMALIST APPROACH BY 3D PRINTED LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE (LAA) MODEL SIMULATION FOR PERCUTANEOUS LAA CLOSURE – A MULTI-CENTER CASE-CONTROL TRIAL

Because of wide anatomical variations of left atrial appendage (LAA), intra-procedural verification may prolong procedure time and increase the risk of complications. In order to minimize intraprocedural steps and manipulations, non-essential steps were replaced by ex vivo pre-procedural 3D LAA model simulations – minimalist approach. We tested clinical feasibility of minimalist approach. We reviewed clinical data and procedural images of LAA occlusion cases performed in Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea and Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea. LAA occlusion cases were categorized into 2 (conventional approach and minimalist approach). Within minimalist approach, device size and actually implanted location and orientation were determined before procedure by 3D LAA model based simulation. During procedure, we tried to reduce the number of angiography, the amount of contrast agent, the number of device deployment attempt, and radiation exposure. Then, we compared outcomes between conventional approach and minimalist approach. A total of 81 patients were reviewed and analysed (conventional approach N = 53, minimalist approach N = 28, mean age: 75.2 ± 10.7 years, 42 male (51.9 %). Procedural outcomes and complications were comparable and not significantly different. By applying minimalist approach, procedure time was reduced in number (108 ± 37,6 min vs. 88.7 ± 62.1 min, P = 0.141), radiation exposure time and dosage were significantly reduced (fluoroscopic time 20.6 ± 9.8 min vs. 10.2 ± 4.8 min, P < 0.001, dose area product 131.9 ± 128.8 mGy-cm2 vs. 44.0 ± 48.3 mGy-cm2, P = 0.001). The number of device implantation attempt was significantly reduced (2.8 ± 2.1 times vs. 1.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.001), and the number of LAA angiography was significantly reduced (5.7 ± 4.7 vs. 2.0 ± 1.3 times, P < 0.001), and the amount of contrast agent was significantly reduced (296.5 ± 155.8 ml vs. 150.9 ± 73.2 ml, P = 0.002). By applying minimalist approach, LAA occlusion procedure became shorter, safer and similarly effective without any trade-offs. Therefore, minimalist approach was feasible approach and further study is required.

Deep learning-based EEG analysis to classify normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: Algorithms and dataset

For automatic EEG diagnosis, this paper presents a new EEG data set with well-organized clinical annotations called Chung-Ang University Hospital EEG (CAUEEG), which has event history, patient’s age, and corresponding diagnosis labels. We also designed two reliable evaluation tasks for the low-cost, non-invasive diagnosis to detect brain disorders: i) CAUEEG-Dementia with normal, mci, and dementia diagnostic labels and ii) CAUEEG-Abnormal with normal and abnormal. Based on the CAUEEG dataset, this paper proposes a new fully end-to-end deep learning model, called the CAUEEG End-to-end Deep neural Network (CEEDNet). CEEDNet pursues to bring all the functional elements for the EEG analysis in a seamless learnable fashion while restraining non-essential human intervention. Extensive experiments showed that our CEEDNet significantly improves the accuracy compared with existing methods, such as machine learning methods and Ieracitano-CNN (Ieracitano et al., 2019), due to taking full advantage of end-to-end learning. The high ROC-AUC scores of 0.9 on CAUEEG-Dementia and 0.86 on CAUEEG-Abnormal recorded by our CEEDNet models demonstrate that our method can lead potential patients to early diagnosis through automatic screening.

Correction for Mi et al., "Allyl Aryl Ether Cleavage by Blautia sp. MRG-PMF1 Cocorrinoid O-Demethylase".

Volume 10, no. 5, e03305-22, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03305-22. The first paragraph of the Acknowledgments section should read as follows: “This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2019 and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1A2C2007712).”

Studija slučaja kolegija o klasičnim pripovijetkama uz korištenje ChatGPT-a

This study analyzes the “Classical Narratives Retelling Project Using ChatGPT” conducted by the Department of Korean Language and Literature at Chung-Ang University in Korea in the first semester of 2023 in the course “Studies on Classical Literature Narrative”. The retelling project was carried out in stages, from the preliminary stage to the preparation, planning, and production stage. In collaborating with ChatGPT, learners repeatedly compared and reviewed their initial intentions with ChatGPT’s suggestions. In selecting, revising, and synthesizing the story with ChatGPT, learners continuously considered narrative integrity and the team’s retelling intentions (theme implementation). Their understanding of and interest in Korean classical narratives increased during this process. A 5-point Likert scale survey was used to verify this statistically and analyze the results, statistically confirming that the retelling process using ChatGPT had a positive effect on both understanding and interest in classical Korean narratives. To compensate for the limitations of the small sample size, we conducted an in-depth questionnaire survey. We analyzed the responses to confirm the effects of active participation and self-directed learning, deepening the understanding of classical narrative texts and forming a collaborative relationship between learners and ChatGPT. However, the limitations of using ChatGPT were identified as inaccuracies in ChatGPT data, answers that did not respond to learners’ intentions, uncreative ChatGPT narrative suggestions, and learners’ insufficient ability to utilize ChatGPT.

Clinical Implication of DNA Damage Response Genes in Advanced Gastric Cancer Stage IV and Recurrent Gastric Cancer Patients After Gastrectomy Treated Palliative Chemotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DNA damage response (DDR)-related protein expression and the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer stage IV and recurrent advanced gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy treated with palliative first-line chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 611 gastric cancer patients underwent D2 radical gastrectomy at Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 2005 and December 2017, of which 72 patients who received gastrectomy treatment with palliative chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. We performed the immunohistochemical assessment of MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1), MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2), at-rich interaction domain 1 (ARID1A), poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to evaluate independent predictors of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Among the 72 patients studied, immunohistochemical staining analysis indicated deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) in 19.4% of patients (n = 14). The most common DDR gene with suppressed expression was PARP-1 (n = 41, 56.9%), followed by ATM (n = 26, 36.1%), ARID1A (n = 10, 13.9%), MLH1 (n = 12, 16.7%), BRCA1 (n = 11, 15.3%), and MSH2 (n = 3, 4.2%). HER2 (n = 6, 8.3%) and PD-L1 (n = 3, 4.2%) were expressed in 72 patients. The dMMR group exhibited a significantly longer median OS than the MMR proficient (pMMR) group (19.9 months vs. 11.0 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.474, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.239-0.937, P = 0.032). The dMMR group exhibited a significantly longer median PFS than the pMMR group (7.0 months vs. 5.1 months; HR= 0.498, 95% CI = 0.267-0.928, P = 0.028). Conclusions: Of stage IV gastric cancer and recurrent gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy, the dMMR group had a better survival rate than the pMMR group. Although dMMR is a predictive factor for immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer, further studies are needed to determine whether it is a prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients treated with palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling by Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrapping Films with Controlled Hierarchical Porous Structures.

Invited for this month's cover is a combined work of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology together with the Chungnam National University, the University of California, Irvine, and Chung-Ang University. The cover shows the effective thermal management of a vehicle interior through the wrapping of stretchable passive radiative cooling film. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) cooler film with a hierarchical porous structure shows a dramatic cooling effect compared to commercial paint in sunny, hot weather. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201842.

Deep Learning Based Frame Interpolation for Stop-motion Animation

This study focuses on deep-learning-based frame interpolation facilitating stop-motion animation production. Through deep learning of the movements of stop-motion animation, frame interpolation works systematically toward its own production. Based on an understanding of the exaggeration or deletion of motions, the proposed frame interpolation technique differs from other linear frame interpolation techniques. This project used the stop motion animation Teenie Scouts BigFive produced by Taktoon Enterprise, a subsidiary of Chung-Ang University Technology Holdings, which was created using 4K UHD high-resolution images at a frame rate of 15 fps.

1864년 삼도수군통제사 백은진(白殷鎭)의 향약 시행에 관한 일고찰

This paper examines Tongyeong Hyangyak, which was implemented in 1846 by Baek Eun-jin, a Commander-in-Chief of the Samdo Naval Force who was in charge of three provinces in the South. Tongyeong Hyangyak was administered mainly in the area of Chunwon-myeon, Goseong-hyeon, where Samdo Naval Base was located. As Chunwon-myeon’s governance was centered around the naval base, it was distinguished Chunwon-myeon from other regions. In fact, with a local administrative perspective, it is just one of many districts belonged to Goseong-hyeon. However, with the population perspective, it had as much influence as an independent administrative district. In 1846, Baek Eun-jin implemented the Tongyeong Hyangyak to edify the people with the customs promoted by the society. The unique features of the operation of Tongyeong Hyangyak are as follows. First, the recording of good, Sunjuk, and bad, Gwajuk, behaviors was emphasized. The names to be listed on Sunjuk and Gwajuk were decided after consulting with various people at myeon-unit meetings or li-unit meetings. Moreover, the extraordinary feature of Tongyeong Hyangyak is even those who belonged to the bottom of the social hierarchy, if a person had a potential to contribute to the society such as excellent skills in writing or outstanding martial arts skills could be recorded in Sunjuk. In addition, it had a rule which allowed some of them to be released from their social classes after. Second, the executives of Tongyeong Hyangyak consist of the Kyojang, Jibhun and Jikwol. and this structure was formed so that Hyangyak could be implemented even to the residents of the smallest administrative districts. Third, Tongyeong Hyangyak had a myeon-unit meeting and li- unit meeting. Also, on the 1st of every month, the members of hyangyak gathered in each village to listen to the contents of hyangyak. These meetings were observed at random by Dokyojang and Bookyojang.(ChungAng University)