Chronological Record Research Articles

Remote laser welding applications for car bodies

The application of laser processing to car bodies, which began with laser cutting in the late 1970s, has a history of more than 30 years. Figure 1 gives the chronological record. In the early appli...

The Complete Victoria Cross: A Full Chronological Record of all Holders of Britain's Highest Award for Gallantry

The Complete Victoria Cross: A Full Chronological Record of all Holders of Britain's Highest Award for Gallantry

Dal Prototractatus al Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Analisi di una strategia top-down

From Prototractatus to Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The author aims to show that in the notebook in which Wittgenstein composed his Tractatus there is no discontinuity between the part published as ‘Prototractatus’ and the last few pages, not published because quite indistinguishable from the final work. The process by which the propositions are combined is homogeneous, following a rigorously top-down strategy: from the six main propositions on the first page to further levels of commentary and, finally, to the more detailed remarks of the last stages. The puzzling chaos of the manuscript derives from his chronological recording of coherent interventions relating to the most different branches of the logic tree. In the first as in the final stage, these interventions were possible thanks to a ‘twin’ text, possibly organized on separate sheets of paper. Therefore, if we read the Tractatus by progressive levels of commentary, rather than sequentially, we then find the same progression of thought developed by Wittgenstein himself during the three years of compiling his manuscript.

Quando Nasceu Ezequiel?: O significado das datas no libelo acusatorio em Dom Casmurro

This article reconstructs and examines the timeline in Dom Casmurro with a view to offering an interpretation for the chronological makeup of the novel. Aspects that characterize Bento Santiago as a deceptive narrator are noted, with an emphasis on the omission of dates in the narrative. The lacunae in the timeline significantly pertain to Ezequiel's biography. By filling in the lacunae, it is demonstrated that the chronology surrounding Ezequiel's birthdate and the alleged events that took place in Ezequiel's childhood at ages 5 and 6, allegedly in the presence of Escobar, are inconsistent. Irreconcilable facts are foregrounded, impacting the credibility of the narrative as a whole. It is suggested that the accusatory piece that sagacious and experienced attorney Bento Santiago weaves against his wife Capitu be examined from a legalistic perspective. As Bento's deceptive narration is revealed, it is evidenced that the case he makes against Capitu suffers from the absence of an accurate chronological and factual record—a sine qua non condition for the validity of any legal process. Finally, the enigma of Capitu is examined in light of a vicious and nullifiable legal process.

Arsenite medicinal use, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and monitoring in human hair

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a distinctive subtype of acute myeloid leukaemias. Even through this human disease can be treated by the intravenous administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 25% of patients typically relapse after the first treatment. In this context, the intravenous administration of APL patients with an aqueous solution of arsenic trioxide has also been demonstrated to be successful despite the established mammalian toxicity of this arsenic compound. Accordingly, the administration of a therapeutic dose of arsenic trioxide has resulted in an improved patient survival in both relapsing as well newly diagnosed APL patients. We present here a mini-review of the medicinal use of arsenite, its mammalian metabolism (with an emphasis on biomethylation pathways), its elimination and pharmacokinetics and the novel application of hair analysis as a biomonitoring material. This mini-review also introduces our own results on the analysis of hair of patients receiving arsenic trioxide therapy. In this work, instead of quantifying arsenic content in bulk hair, we performed longitudinal analysis in order to use hair as a marker of arsenic exposure correlated to a time scale. Taking into account the hair growth rate, the longitudinal analysis of hair is demonstrated to provide a chronological record of the treatment of patients with arsenic trioxide. The small quantity of material to be analysed required the use of Synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) spectroscopy. The hair arsenic content was well correlated with the clinical background of patients and reflected the intake of arsenic trioxide. In particular, the onset of arsenic trioxide therapy and interruptions during therapy were reflected by total arsenic content, which suggested rapid elimination. Another type of experiment, micro-XRF cartography on thin hair slices, allowed us to obtain distribution maps of arsenic, which demonstrated that arsenic is located at the periphery of hair. Micro-XANES spectra recorded at the periphery of hair, suggest that inorganic arsenic is incorporated in hair in its trivalent oxidation state, in agreement with previous results.

Tissue, ontogenic and sex-related differences in δ13C and δ15N values of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)

Stable isotopes are increasingly used in the study of trophic interactions of many aquatic animals and most recently cephalopods. To evaluate the application of the method to squids, it is important to assess isotopic differences among and within consumer tissues that may confound the resolution of ecological relationships. Inter- and intra-tissue isotopic variation was examined in 55 individuals of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae that were collected at the beginning of April 2000 in the southwestern Indian Ocean (between 44°S, 76°E, and Saint Paul and Amsterdam islands, 38°S, 78°E). Delipidated soft tissues (mantle, arm, buccal mass, gill and reproductive organs) showed small δ13C and δ15N differences, which were probably tissue-specific. A lower carbon value was observed in the digestive gland as a consequence of incomplete lipid removal. Hard tissues, such as beaks and gladii, had lower 15N values than soft tissues, which can be explained by the presence of chitin, a 15N-depleted molecule. Females (n = 38) and males (n = 17) had identical δ13C values, but females showed higher δ15N values than males. The difference was size-related rather than sex-related, however, as females were generally larger than males. A comparison of similar-sized females and males produced identical nitrogen values. These data suggest dietary shifts from lower to higher trophic levels during growth, because δ15N values of large T. filippovae were much higher than that of small specimens. As expected, nitrogen values of lower beaks and gladii of large squids increased from the oldest to the most recently formed region, reflecting the progressive growth of chitinized tissues in parallel with dietary changes. Sequential sampling along the growth increments of squid beaks and gladii can likely be used to produce a chronological record of dietary information throughout an individual’s history.

Arqueología de la boca del Riachuelo. Puerto urbano de Buenos Aires, Argentina

A study of the urban archaeology (employing contemporary landscape theories) of the city port areas of Buenos Aires, in particular the port known as La Boca. The chronological record takes in a time span of some 300 years (AD 1700 to 2000) and study topics include commercial and domestic space usage. Spanish text.

Arqueología de La Boca del Riachuelo. Puerto urbano de Buenos Aires, Argentina

La Boca se ubica dentro del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en la cuenca baja del río Matanzas - Riachuelo. Esta tesis de doctorado plateó que los procesos de portuarización y urbanización tecnificaron el ambiente de manera diferencial entre los siglos XVIII y XX. Para entender la escala y visibilidad de este fenómeno se aplicó una perspectia arqueológica distribucional. De esta forma, se estudió la variabilidad artefactual del puerto urbano de La Boca del Riachuelo mediante el análisis de paisajes arqueológicos teóricos.

Optimising the documentation practices of an Ethics Consultation Service

A formal Ethics Consultation Service (ECS) can provide significant help to patients, families and hospital staff. As with any other form of clinical consultation, documentation of the process and the...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Extinction of the autochthonous small mammals of Mallorca (Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean) and its ecological consequences

AbstractAim To investigate the chronology, causes and consequences of the extinction of the autochthonous Pleistocene small mammals of Mallorca.Location Mallorca (Gymnesic Islands, Balearics, Western Mediterranean).Methods We have obtained the first direct 14C ages from the bone collagen of selected samples of two extinct endemic small mammals from Mallorca: the Balearic dormouse, Eliomys morpheus (Rodentia: Myoxidae) and the Balearic shrew, Asoriculus hidalgoi (Soricomorpha: Soricidae). We also present evidence for the absence of both endemics from the earliest Mallorcan archaeological sites and for the introduction of the garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus, and the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Combined information from direct dating of bone collagen of E. quercinus and A. sylvaticus and from cultural associations provides an adequate framework to establish the chronology of the faunal change and to compare it with the chronological information available on climatic change and the first arrival of humans on the islands.Results The chronological record includes the latest evidence available for the survival of endemic species and the earliest introduction of small mammals into Mallorca. We present ‘uncertainty periods for extinction’ (UPEs) of both endemic mammals based on the chronology of their last occurrence and on the inferred timing of their extinction (restricted UPEs).Main conclusions Possible causes for the extinction of autochthonous small mammals on Mallorca are discussed. Once we have discarded climatic causes, predation by invasive species, competition with newcomers and habitat deterioration, the introduction of diseases emerges as the most reasonable explanation for these extinctions. Based on the identification of changes in keystone species in Mallorcan ecosystems, we propose a tentative schedule of key ecological changes that have taken place over the past 5 millennia.

Laboratory Notebooks and Data Storage

AbstractThe laboratory notebook, whether in hardcopy or electronic (ELN) format, represents a true, chronological record of a scientist's bench work, incorporating the primary source of all materials and information related to the design, execution, and outcomes (data) for a specific experiment. The notebook content thus represents a precise, legible record of what was done, why, and by whom. It also describes the outcome of the experiment and how this is related to the initial hypothesis on which performing the experiment was based. As an archive, a laboratory notebook allows others previously unassociated with the work to understand what was done and, if necessary, independently recreate the experiments. A laboratory notebook and its associated records (e.g., computer printouts or HPLC traces) also represent the vital record of the conception date of an invention and its reduction to practice, providing a timely and necessary legal record to support and defend patent applications.

Is there a chronological record of atmospheric mercury and lead deposition preserved in the mor layer (O-horizon) of boreal forest soils?

The organic horizon (the mor layer) of podzolized boreal forest soils has accumulated atmospheric fallout of mercury and lead over centuries, resulting in current concentrations close to levels where negative effects on soil biota are thought to occur. To what extent the pollution history is preserved in the stratigraphy of this horizon is not well known. In this study we asses whether the chronology of a large historic pulse of atmospheric pollution emitted from the Rönnskär smelter in northern Sweden, particularly between 1950 and 1980, is preserved within the stratigraphy of the mor layer, which is typically 5-cm thick. Vertical sub-sampling (⩽5 mm) of five mor profiles sampled along a 100-km pollution gradient away from the smelter are analyzed for mercury and lead concentrations, spheroidal carbonaceous particles from fossil fuel combustion (SCPs) and stable lead isotopes ( 206Pb/ 207Pb and 208Pb/ 207Pb). Their vertical distribution is compared with the temporal variations in atmospheric inputs reconstructed for the last ∼100 years from analyses of an ombrotrophic peat core and a varved lake sediment core sampled within a distance of 50 km of the smelter. The mor profiles situated ⩽12 km from the smelter record the pollution history of the smelter. There is a 20 to 40-times enrichment of Hg, Pb and SCP at the transition in the O-horizon from the F- to H-layer compared to the basal part and a distinct peak in the 206Pb/ 207Pb ratio (∼1.22) in the F-layer. The mor profiles situated outside the historical contamination range of the smelter (80 and 100 km away) record no obvious influence from the Rönnskär smelter, instead their vertical 206Pb/ 207Pb profiles follow the general regional pollution history in northern Sweden. We conclude that the mor layer preserves a record of atmospheric Hg, Pb and SCP inputs and due to low leaching rates this organic horizon serves as a semi-archive of atmospheric Hg and Pb pollution. We stress the need of including this property in the existing ‘black-box’ models predicting the fate of Hg and Pb within contaminated boreal forest soils.

Incarceration Rates of Persons With First-Admission Psychosis

Incarceration Rates of Persons With First-Admission Psychosis

Chronological record of the Early Mesozoic underplating in the northern margin of North China - U-Pb chronometry of zircons in the Late Mesozoic andesite from Western Liaoning

Abstract Cathodoluminescence spectroscopic analysis of zircons in the uppermost sanukites of the early Yixian Formation in Western Liaoning reveals zoning structures of the zircons in the volcanic rock. LA-ICP-MS chronometry shows that the central part of the zircons is remnant zircon with a U-Pb dating of 254 Ma, which is consistent with the age of the early Mesozoic underplating granulites, and that the periphery is zircon crystallizing out of the host magma with a U-Pb dating of 116 Ma, which is highly consistent with the Ar-Ar dating of the host volcanic rocks. Compositions of the clinopyroxenes xenocrystals in the sanukites are similar to those of the clinopyroxenes in the underplating granulites, indicating that the granulites accreted to the lower crust in the Early Mesozoic have been reformed and disrupted by the upwelling diapers of the asthenosphere and taken part in formation of the sanukites in the Late Mesozoic. *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40372103, ...

Walt Disney: Conversations by Kathy Merlock Jackson, Editor

Walt Disney: Conversations Kathy Merlock Jackson, Editor. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006. I'm kind of simple and corny at heart, and I think the majority of the people are on my side.-Walt Disney, 1960 The Atlantic's 2006 Top 100 Most Influential Figures in American History ranks Walt Disney next to the top quarter at number twenty-six in the list. He is cast as entrepreneur, yet the Disney effect on and understanding of American life goes far beyond business and entertainment. He is credited with an unmatched influence over our childhood, yet his real gift was in understanding and expressing the essence of our shared history and culture-first as children, then as adults, traversing a lifetime of learning and experience keynoted to American values. Disney actively disliked the cult of celebrity, picking for his title just head producer. Burbank's ethic was always distant from Hollywood, though the studio won more Academy awards than any other. This collection of archival profiles and personal interviews presents a primary-source profile of the man and the iconic organization that shaped entertainment to take both a signature artistic vision and social influence far into the world beyond. The Disney brand of arts, music, storytelling, and themeing is perhaps the world's preeminent. Kathy Merlock Jackson, who has documented the Disney oeuvre in Walt Disney: A BioBibliography, offers another volume to illuminate the creativity and ingenuity that drove the man and his enterprise. Spanning forty years from the late 1920s up through his death in 1966, this is the record of America's greatest art studios and its head, compared as they have been to DaVinci for both creativity and molding of talent-and of artforms themselves. At the same time the Disney life chronology and film record traces American social history, the popular arts, and the temper of the times across the mid-century decades. What emerges through Disney's own words and those of others is a complex voice both of visionary and tough realist, even pessimist, raised in the heartland, turned per force into a businessman by his driving need to implement his vision. Through film and theme park, he distilled the common values that his audience most liked in themselves, an outcome of a keen respect for the public. Disney's highest ambition was not to create fine art for the few but to meld art and commerce for a midcult market. In this aim he intuitively developed an art uniquely American as a branded enterprise, one yet to be equaled in scope or output. In light of Disney's huge successes, it is difficult now to recall that Disney was fired by a newspaper for lacking ideas, went bankrupt before he built Disneyland, and was once praised by the Left for his anti-establishment attitudes via the start-up Mickey of the 1930s. Innovator in all areas of media, he approached animation as a system to be perfected through innovation. The consummate polymath, he explored every art form by diverse and multifaceted pathways into animation, filmmaking, and then place-making tin theme park design. …

Fazer a história da arquitetura recente

The paper presents a critical and propositive reflection about history of architecture. It points out the need for a critical history of architecture, questioning the limits of chronological record and mass- media information. Assuming that buildings, as well as other material productions, are subject to very quick consumption and renovation, it defends the construction of a historical approach of these architectural objects, in order to avoid or minimize the disappearance of documental sources, written or oral, related to them. It indicates some criteria and procedures that make feasible the realization of this project and proposes that the historian of this architecture of the past should also have a propositive role on the interventions on these objects. The professional and qualified look at their architectural assets, different from chronicles and doctrinary postures, shall bring renewing clarification and points of views on these modern buildings, material presences of a recent past.

Textural, geochronological and chemical constraints from polygenetic titanite and monogenetic apatite from a mid-crustal shear zone: An integrated EPMA, SIMS, and TIMS study

Titanites extracted from a 520 ± 9 Ma syn-orogenic syenite at Otjimbingwe (Damara orogen, Namibia) show shape, colour and U–Pb systematics that vary with position in the syenite relative to a major shear zone. Most titanite fractions from syenite cropping out outside the shear zone are characterized by a medium brown anhedral core overgrown by a pale brown subhedral rim. EMPA and SIMS analyses show that the cores are enriched in Al, Fe and sometimes Na, Mg and Mn but also in REE, Nb and Zr relative to the rim. TIMS U–Pb ages from these titanites gave relatively imprecise 207Pb/ 206Pb ages between 680 ± 21 Ma and 695 ± 20 Ma as well as 570 ± 8 Ma to 604 ± 9 Ma mainly due to their low 206Pb/ 204Pb ratios. Combined Th–U–Pb relationships suggest that these titanites contain a component similar to ca. 715–750 Ma-old titanite populations observed so far only in Neoproterozoic syenites from the northern part of the orogen. Titanites from syenites within the shear zone are dark brown, mostly euhedral to subhedral and display only occasionally a pale brown rim. These titanites show decreasing concentrations of Na, Mg, Al and Fe and increasing concentrations of Mn from core to rim, interpreted to reflect growth zonation. Abundances of MREE, HREE, Y, Nb and Zr are higher in the rim than in the core. 207Pb/ 206Pb ages obtained on these titanites range from 470 ± 2 Ma to 538 ± 3 Ma for most samples. Only the samples with the highest 206Pb/ 204Pb ratios (between 350 and 230) have U–Pb ages similar to the previously published U–Pb zircon age of 520 ± 9 Ma from the same complex. Other titanite fractions with lower 206Pb/ 204Pb ratios have slightly older ages than ca. 520 Ma, indicating some inheritance. Inherited titanite survived multiple metamorphic episodes in the Damara orogen between ca. 750 Ma and 470 Ma and the igneous event that lead to the intrusion of the Otjimbingwe syenite at 520 Ma; these data imply a high closure temperature of U–Pb in titanite of 650–> 700 °C consistent with previous studies. Coeval apatite has no apparent inheritance, low 206Pb/ 204Pb ratios between 55 and 170 and U–Pb ages similar to, or only slightly younger than the U–Pb zircon or titanite age obtained on the titanite fractions with the highest 206Pb/ 204Pb ratios. Assuming a closure temperature for U–Pb of ≥ 900 °C for zircon, ∼ 700 °C for titanite and ∼ 450 °C for apatite, initial fast cooling of the complex can be inferred. Our data demonstrate that titanite can contain multiple age domains, preserving a chronological and chemical record of previous igneous events.

American government leaders: major elected and appointed officials, federal, state and local, 1776-2005

This book provides a single source of biographical information for the thousands of individuals who have held high elective and appointive offices in the United States federal, state, and municipal governments since independence in 1776. The first half of the book lists positions in the government with a chronological record of the individuals who have held the positions and the duration of their terms of office. The section opens with the executive branch, starting with the president. This is followed by a listing of first ladies and families of the president, vice presidents and the cabinet, deputy and undersecretaries of cabinet departments, directors and administrators of high government agencies, individuals serving in high-ranking military positions, members of the diplomatic corps who have served as ambassador to nations throughout the world and high-ranking presidential staff and White House aides. The next section consists of the judiciary, beginning with the chief justice of the United States and members of the Supreme Court, the U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. District Courts. The legislative branch follows with a listing of congressional leadership, including presidents of the Continental Congresses, speakers of the House of Representatives, president pro tempores of the Senate, and majority and minority leadership in both houses of Congress, members of Congress, territorial delegates, resident commissioners, governors and lieutenant governors. The final section is a listing of mayors of 200 major cities. The second half of the book is a biographical index of individuals found in the earlier sections listed in alphabetical order. The entries contain dates of birth and death, when known, political party or affiliation, state or states of significance to the officeholder, and listing of offices held.

Evolution of migmatitic granulite complexes: Implications from Lapland Granulite Belt, Part II: Isotopic dating

The migmatitic metapelites of the Lapland granulite belt (LGB) in the NE part of the Fennoscandian Shield represent an arc-related greywacke basin metamorphosed in the granulite facies. Detrital zircons from migmatitic metapelites are derived from 1.94 etrital zircons from migmatitic metapelites are derived from 1.94 zircons from migmatitic metapelites are derived from 1.94 derived from 1.94 − 2.9 Ga old acid source rocks (U-Pb SIMS ages). The clustering of detrital zircon ages between 1.97 and 2.2 Ga is problematic, because abundant felsic crust of this age is absent in the shield. The metasediments are characterized by Sm-Nd model ages of ca. 2.3 Ga. A younger, 1905 − 1880 Ma population of homogeneous zircons was formed during regional metamorphism. The peak high-grade metamorphism took place at ~1900 Ma and the latest chronological record from subsequent decompression and cooling phase is from ca. 1870 Ma. The norite-enderbite series of the LGB represents arc-magmas, which were intruded into the metasediments at ~1920 − 1905 Ma ago according to zircon U-Pb ages and were probably an important heat source for metamorphism. Older, zoned zircon grains in a quartz norite vein, initial e Nd values of 0 to +1 and the continuous spectrum of LILE enrichment in the enderbite-series probably reflect assimilation of metasediments by magmas. Monazite U-Pb ages of migmatitic metasediments in the range 1906 − 1910 ± 3 Ma overlap the late stage of enderbite intrusion and growth of early metamorphic zircons. Garnetwhole rock Sm-Nd ages from leucosomes in the range 1880 − 1886 ± 7 Ma are concurrent with the growth of the youngest metamorphic zircons and probably indicate the crystallization of leucosomes or the influence of a fluid liberated from them. Isotopic and pet rologic data reveal that the evolution of Lapland Granulite belt from the erosion of source rocks to the generation of a sedimentary basin, its burial, metamorphism and exhumation took place within ca. 60 Ma.

Method for chronological recording of antigen appearance in human head-hair shafts and its use for monitoring glycation products in diabetes

We describe immunochemical assays of non-enzymatic glycation products in human head-hair protein extracts and hair cross sections using Western blots and a novel “dot-block” methodology. In the latter, groups of approximately 15 hair fibers, clipped at about 1 mm proximal to the scalp–skin were aligned, wound around, and attached to 3 mm diameter araldite screw rods. Up to 40 such rods were next embedded lengthwise in additional araldite polymer creating a solid block and the top surface of the block was sectioned off to the half-diameters of the screw rods thus exposing accurately transected hair cross sections at regular (∼ 0.5 cm) intervals. Early- and advanced-glycation products (EGAs and AGEs, respectively) were determined in the exposed cross sections in-situ using specific antibodies and ECL densitometry as in conventional Western blots. Both Western blots and this technique demonstrated 3.1 fold EGAs increases in the proximal 2 cm of hair of diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Dot-blocks, in addition, were less variable and demonstrated exponential EGAs decreases along fibers distally, with calculated intercepts (at the hair roots) of 4.9 fold increases in diabetics as opposed to non-diabetics and half-lives of 6.0, 5.9 and 9.0 months in hair of non-diabetics, gestational diabetics and diabetic patients, respectively. Correlations in amounts of BG vs. HbA1 c, BG vs. EGAs, and HbA1 c vs. EGAs, using dot-block and clinical lab data were all significant ( p < 0.05). Acute onset T1D patients, defined as previously unsuspected patients diagnosed upon hospitalization due to diabetic complications, exhibited nearly identical EGAs levels in their proximal 0–9 cm hair as did T1D patients with long-established diabetes, thus supporting the notion of long and insidious T1D etiology. Removal of 1–2 μm layers from dot-block surfaces enabled their re-use for multiple assays. Applied anti-AGEs antibodies demonstrated slight decreases or no significant changes in CML and MGI along hair shafts of normal and diabetic subjects. Fluctuations in EGAs and AGEs along hair shafts, indicating alterations in glycemic control were also observed. We conclude that the dot-block method has a potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes, and more generally, as a long term “biological record” of various chronic medical conditions.