Via reaction of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with 2,7-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (dbpt) and the terephthalic acid (H2BDC) under solvothermal conditions, a new Zn(II)-containing coordination polymer formulated as [Zn2(BDC)2(dbpt)](MeOH)2 (1) have been hydrothermally prepared. When complex 1 is in water, it shows the strongest fluorescence and good framework stability. The chromate anions (CrO42−/Cr2O72−) could selectively quench its fluorescence emission even in the presence of different anions. By the incremental fluorescence quenching titration experiments, the detection limits acquired reach to sub-ppm level of the Cr(VI) anions (CrO42−/Cr2O72−). Furthermore, the treatment activity and cure value of the compound on glomerulus nephritis was evaluated. Firstly, the accumulation of glomerular epithelial cells after compound treatment was measured by the H2DCF-DA test. Then, ELISA detection kit was used to detect the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level. Finally, in order to detect interactions on the possible binding between the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) protein and the synthesized ligand, molecular docking simulation has been performed.