Christian Religious Education Research Articles

Evaluating learning outcomes of Christian religious education learners: A comparison of constructive simulation and conventional method

Learning outcomes in Christian Religious Education (CRE) are attributed to the teaching and learning approaches utilized by teachers. In Kenya, conventional methods of teaching are prevalent in classrooms, as teachers often prefer methods that alleviate their workload. Nevertheless, the implementation of learner-centred methods such as constructive simulation enhances learning outcomes. Therefore, this research evaluated the dissimilarity in learning outcomes of CRE learners instructed by constructive simulation, and those instructed with a conventional approach. The research employed a quasi-experimental study with groups under treatment and control, incorporating a pre-test and post-test approach. In total, 90 form two CRE learners from two sub-county secondary schools were purposively selected for the research. Data were collected using the Learner Attainment test in CRE as the assessment tool. The research utilized correlation analysis to establish the similarity scores between the pre-test and post-test assessments. Additionally, the t-test statistical model was employed to test the effectiveness of the two teaching methods. Results revealed a strong positive connection between the two assessment tests of learners taught using constructive simulation (r = 00.0510, p < 0.01) and conventional method (r ═ 0.673, p < 0.01). Notably, constructive simulation (t(49) = − 9.76, n = 50, p < 0.05) significantly outperformed the conventional method of teaching (t(39) = 2.700, n = 40, p < 0.324). These findings implied that constructive simulation was more effective in enhancing learning outcomes as opposed to the conventional method of teaching. The results suggest that when designing curricula and formulating educational policies, educators and policymakers should incorporate constructive simulation as a learner-centred method.

Art and Cultural Diversity of Dayak Ngaju Tribe: Christian Education Interactive Learning on Kuala Kurun

The prevalence of comedy and satirical programming on television and online platforms has contributed to a growing divide between entertainers (musicians) and their audiences, with the former offering guidance, criticism, and a reflection of everyday life through their work. As far as the researchers's search and exploration, there are still a few who examine and can even be said to rarely relate music through the culture of Karungut and Deder song, a culture that exists and lives in Dayak Ngaju, Central Kalimantan. This research is interesting because besides music as a fun strategy, Deder song as local wisdom is an expression of the daily life of the Dayak people in Central Kalimantan. This song contains advice, satire, advice and is still present today as part of the richness of world civilization. Lantunan Deder is presented in traditional events (weddings, welcoming guests and various Manasai dances that include men and women in rhythm or balance). Participation in Lantunan Deder has become interesting as a strategy for learning about the content of Christian religious education lessons in schools, living rooms and churches. The usefulness is more about the love of culture, God also sensitizes the participation of women and men as part of the sustainable development goals (SGDs). The research method used 4D model development with analysis and validation space and considered diversity, and song structure. The results showed that Deder as method, strategy, development, cultural actualization, as well as an instrument rarely done in the learning process of Christian religious education and researchers conducted direct practice in the field by melting Deder chants with the learning process which resulted in the creativity of students as actors and user subjects as well as cultural preservation subjects for Ngaju Dayak culture.

The Relationship between Exemplary and Leadership of Christian Religious Education Teachers and the Behavior of Class IX Students of Public Middle Schools in Balige District, Toba Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024

The Relationship between Exemplary and Leadership of Christian Religious Education Teachers and the Behavior of Class IX Students of Public Middle Schools in Balige District, Toba Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024

Transformasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Jayapura: Metode Konvensional dan Inovatif dalam Konteks Abad Ke-21

The demands of the 21st century in the education world require adaptive and innovative learning. The implementation of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Jayapura is accompanied by both conventional and unconventional, or innovative methods to support the effectiveness of learning. The aim of this research is to elaborate on the methods of PAK learning in Jayapura, Papua. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method by applying literature review. Data were obtained through documentation techniques, involving downloading and documenting supporting data from books, research or journal papers, and proceedings from the last 10 years. The data were analyzed by classifying the effective application of learning methods. The results of this research indicate that the PAK learning methods applied in Jayapura, Papua, in terms of effectiveness, show that both conventional and unconventional methods are equally important in their implementation. Conventional methods tend to use techniques such as lectures, discussions, question and answer sessions, and assignments. While unconventional methods based on students' needs have not been optimally implemented in Jayapura."

Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa

Christian Religious Education Lessons on the formation of a person’s character is a very serous thing to be improved and fostered. The example of a Christian’s life will be even more important if that person can bring a very good Christian life and be able to implement his faith in the midst of his own social life. Christian religious education must be seriously improved, because it is related and is an intergal (whole) part in the development and improvement of human life as a whole. Which is assigned to every human being as God’s representative in proclaiming the Word of Truth in the midst of the world. Someone who has studied Christian education well is able to show positive behavior (good character), has different strengths in his actions. He has healthy ideas, faith, hope and optimism. Positive ideas emanate from his mind, as well as the law of attraction, where positive results will be attracted to people who think positively. Realization of Christian Religious Education is said to be isgnificant because it is beneficial in increasing the formation of good character and having a positive self-concept. So thus someone will appear confident with all the capabilities and wholeness owned.

Multi Methods of Teaching the Lord Jesus: A Strategy to Shape the Scientific Attitude of Students

Scientific attitude is a very important attitude to be possessed by every student in following the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to examine the teaching method of the Lord Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitude of students. Through a qualitative approach with literature review techniques, the author examines in depth the method of teaching Jesus as a strategy in shaping the scientific attitudes of students. The results of this study found that to shape the scientific attitude of students, it is necessary to be guided by the teaching methods of the Lord Jesus, such as discovery and inquary methods, discussion methods, problem-based, and storytelling methods. Therefore, teachers of Christian religious education are required to always emulate the Lord Jesus and think creatively in shaping the scientific attitude of students in accordance with teaching conditions in the 21st century.

Analisis Pendidikan Agama Kristen Terhadap Paham Radikalisme Dalam Konteks Indonesia

This article offers an analysis of the role of Christian religious education in overcoming radicalism in the Indonesian context. Radicalism in Indonesia is multifaceted, and religious, political, social, and ethnic factors contribute to its prevalence. Religious differences often give rise to misunderstandings and violence which then occurs. Political radicalism stems from power dynamics, including state-sponsored oppression or interstate conflict. Social radicalism manifests through extreme tactics aimed at societal transformation, sometimes ignoring legal norms. Ethnic radicalism promotes a supremacist ideology, justifying violence or discrimination against other ethnic groups. Using qualitative research and literature analysis, this research explores the intersection between Christian education, radicalism, and diversity. The results of research on Christian religious education in Indonesia emphasize values such as diversity, tolerance and peace, which provide a counterweight to radical ideology. By prioritizing these values, Christian education fosters stability across religious, political, social and ethnic dimensions, thereby reducing the risks posed by radicalism. This research underlines the importance of Christian religious education in cultivating a society that is cohesive and tolerant of radical influences.

Experiences of Sexuality Education Educators in Secondary Schools of Mbarara Municipality, Uganda

While schools in Uganda have sexuality education implementation programs in place, adolescents enrolled in school continue to have considerable concerns about sexuality. This indicates that there is still a gap in the teaching of sexuality education. Understanding, that the pursuit of excellent educational outcomes cannot understate the significance of educators. The objectives of the study were to understand how teachers have influenced the implementation of sexuality education in schools and to understand their influence. We explored their sexuality education teaching experiences. For this study, we purposively sampled 12 teachers from six secondary schools in Mbarara Municipality. These were classroom teachers teaching Biology, Christian Religious education, and Literature, subjects in which topics about sexuality are included. Others were male and female senior teachers in charge of guidance and counselling; and teacher patrons to sexuality learning-related activities outside the classroom. Data was transcribed and analyzed through thematic coding of opinions, feelings, and practices of teachers. Results indicated that the majority of teachers experience discomfort when teaching this subject. To most teachers, this discomfort was attributed to 1. Lack of proper training. 2. Others had strong cultural values and beliefs that made them uncomfortable teaching about sexuality in open places like the classroom. 3. Another minority, were not consulted before being appointed into counselling positions, therefore did not feel obliged to take on the assignment. 5. Lack of instruction materials. 6. Findings also revealed that students are not comfortable learning from their teachers, whom they consider as “second parents” and hence they join and learn more from peers and other adults. 7. While all students, learn about sexuality, only a few teachers are assigned this duty, this has created a teaching burden due to the low teacher-student ratio especially for duties like guidance and counselling and patronising of sexuality education programs. Thus, we deduced that SE was being jeopardised by teachers' inefficacy, attitude, and low teacher-student ratio, and interaction of informal peer educators. We concluded that sexuality education educators, are most effective when they are equipped with skills, their consent to participate is sought, the education does not interfere with their values and when they do not carry an overload of assignments. From the findings, it was also evident that teachers are not the best choice schools should use to guide and counsel students about sexuality. Peers and medical personnel are preferred to teachers. Hence, when the identified gaps are attended to sexuality education will be more efficient to protect and keep skills with adolescents undergoing this education. To improve teacher performance, we recommend that schools assist their teachers in pursuing SE training, seek teachers consent before appointing them into SE educating or counselling positions, support them and offer teaching materials. The low teacher-to-student ratio be resolved by assigning more teacher educators SE roles. Our findings indicate that students feel more at ease studying with their peers than with teachers; hence, we recommended increasing the amount of supervised peer-to-peer SE learning in schools. We also discovered that students value media education, thus we recommend that schools offer more adult-guided media literacy instruction.

Engaging Story-Linking Through Conversations Between Mother and Daughter: Explorations in the Hermeneutics of Experience and Christian Religious Education

This article seeks to engage the often-overlooked voices of mothers and daughters in the face of patriarchal dominance. Conversations between mothers and daughters are important spaces for the exploration of faith experiences and provide transformative power. Through these conversations, the practice of story-linking comes to life, enabling re-listening to and re-telling Christian faith stories in the Bible entrenched in church tradition. This endeavor promotes a life-affirming approach to transformative learning. Reflecting on these conversations, this study contributes to Christian religious education within the family context, casting ripples of transformation throughout the church and society.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Visual Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen siswa kelas IX Di SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The aim of this research is to find out how much positive and significant the influence of visual learning is on the learning motivation of Christian religious education students in IX SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with descriptive statistics. The population is all 160 class IX students of SMP N 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians and a sample of 40 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 52 items, namely 24 items for variable North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.589 &gt; Itabel(-0.05,n=40) = 0.312. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a t value of 4.498 t table (= 0.05, dk = n-2-38) = 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y=42.15+0.65X = 42.15 +0.65X, b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r²) = 34.7%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount &gt; Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=23, dk denominator-n-2-40-2-38) namely 20.21 &gt; 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

The Significance of SWOT Analysis in Enhancing Christian Religious Education: A Comprehensive Examination

Education stands as a dynamic force in human and societal development, continually evolving to meet shifting demands and needs. In this modern era marked by rapid transformations, the importance of keeping education abreast with the times cannot be overstated. One effective tool for rejuvenating and advancing education is the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis, encapsulating Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, transcends its traditional business applications to offer profound insights in diverse domains, including education. In the realm of Christian Religious Education (CRE), a critical aspect of the educational landscape, SWOT analysis unveils avenues for both refinement and growth. This paper explores the application of SWOT analysis in the context of CRE, acknowledging its pivotal role in shaping individual character, values, and spiritual beliefs. Tracing the historical trajectory of CRE from ancient churches to contemporary times, the analysis underscores the foundational principles upon which CRE stands. Within the framework of CRE, SWOT analysis serves as a potent tool to discern existing dynamics and chart future trajectories. By identifying internal strengths such as robust faith traditions and biblically grounded curricula, opportunities for enriching CRE education emerge. Simultaneously, weaknesses such as resource constraints and technological integration challenges highlight areas ripe for improvement. Furthermore, SWOT analysis illuminates potential opportunities for CRE advancement, including technological integration and policy shifts. However, it also unveils threats such as societal value shifts and information overload that impede effective CRE delivery. In navigating these dynamics, effective educational management emerges as paramount. Without strategic oversight and management, the pursuit of excellence in CRE remains elusive. Hence, this study delves into the pivotal role of educational management in fostering the quality and efficacy of CRE. Utilizing an analytical methodology, this research delves deep into existing literature and textual sources to unravel insights and generate new knowledge. Through systematic analysis and interpretation, this study seeks to enrich the discourse on CRE and underscore the imperative of strategic planning and management. In conclusion, SWOT analysis emerges as a cornerstone in the enhancement of CRE. By systematically evaluating internal dynamics and external trends, SWOT analysis paves the way for informed decision-making and strategic interventions. Thus, this paper advocates for the systematic integration of SWOT analysis in CRE, heralding a new era of excellence and relevance in religious education.

The Influence of Family, Church, and School Education on The Character of Christian Children Toward a Golden Indonesia 2045

Research on the influence of family, church, and school education on the character of Christian children towards a Golden Indonesia 2045, aims to measure how strong the influence of education from the three institutions is. The research was conducted on students at Erenos Junior High School, South Tangerang, with a total of 151 students. The research method was quantitative, using a different test approach, determining the number of samples using the Slovin method. The research results showed that the influence of family education on the character of Christian children was 0.615, church education on the character of Christian children was 0.637, and school education on the character of Christian children was 0.573, all in the strong category. Together, the influence of family, church, and school education on the character of Christian children is 0.630, balanced and equally strong. Christian religious education as a basis for forming strong character will make students have a strong Christ character, to ward off the phenomenon of moral decline. A strong Christian character will equip children to meet the success of Golden Indonesia 2045 and support the success of the Indonesian nation in reaping the Demographic Bonus

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant effect of the application of the Team Assisted Individualization type cooperative learning model on Christian Religious Education learning motivation of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is quantitative method with the type of pre-experimental design research with the form of “One Shot Case Study”. The population was all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung who were Protestant Christians totaling 175 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using Purposive Sample technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 20 items for variable X and an observation sheet of 22 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis are shown through: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.560 &gt; rtable (=0.05, n=32) = 0.349. b) significant relationship test obtained tcount = 3.704 &gt; ttable (=0.05, dk=n-2=30) = 2.042. 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂ = “33.23”+0.58X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 31.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung&gt; Ftabel = (=0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 32-2 = 30), namely 13.70&gt; 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, the study concluded that there is a positive and significant effect of the Application of Team Assisted Individualization Type Cooperative Learning Model on Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation of Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung Learning Year 2023/2024.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (Circ) Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pak Dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas XI SMA Swasta HKBP 2 Tarutung Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model on learning motivation for Christian Religious Education &amp; Character Education in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely class XI IIS-1 students totaling 32 people as the experimental class and XI IIS-3 totaling 32 people as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 &gt; ttable (=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that students' motivation to learn Christian Religion &amp; Character Education taught using the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model is higher than that taught using the conventional learning model in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

Pengaruh Metode Tanya Jawab Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kolang Kecamatan Kolang Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the question and answer method on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a research method using a quantitative approach with inferential descriptive data analysis. The population is all 115 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year who are Christians and the research sample was determined to be 38 people, namely 35% of the total population using Random Sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 20 items for variable 05,n=38) = 0.320. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.410 &gt; ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=36)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="11.82"+0.36X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount &gt; Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=12, dk denominator=n-2=38-2=36) namely 11.62 &gt; 2.00. Thus, there is an influence of the question and answer method on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Relationship Between the Role of Christian Religious Education Teachers According to Titus 2:6-8 And the Character Development of High School Students in Loa Janan Ilir District During The 2023/2024 Academic Year

The study aims to explore the relationship between the role of the Christian Teacher of Education (PAK) according to Titus 2:6-8 and the character development of high school students in the Loa Janan Ilir region for the academic year 2023/2024. Using the method of correlation analysis, the findings showed a positive correlationship between the role of PAK teacher and student character development, even though the correspondence was low with a Pearson correlative coefficient of 0.249. The results of the analysis also indicated that only a small part of the variability in student character development can be attributed to the role of PAK teacher, with a determination coefficient (ry2) of 6.2%. The study also highlighted that the majority of variabilities in the character development of students (93.8%) are influenced by factors outside the scope of the study. However, the level of significance of the correlation factor found (0.05) indicates that there is a statistically significant relationship between the teacher's role and the student's character development. Thus, the study provides important insights into the role of PAK Teachers in shaping the character of high school students, while emphasizing the importance of considering other external factors that contribute to student character development

Christian Religious Education Teachers’ Perception on the use of Valuing Methods for Learner Value Acquisition in National Secondary Schools in Kenya

There are rising cases of disrespect in Kenyan society amid efforts by Christian Religious Education (CRE) in secondary schools to make the learner appreciate and respect their own, and other people’s cultural beliefs and practices. The morals of the secondary school graduates enrolled in colleges and society do not reflect the acquisition of values learnt through CRE. Despite the exposure of students to the Christian Religious Education curriculum, cases of disrespect, for instance, drug abuse, abortion, arson in schools, hate speech, religious and ethnic hatred continue being witnessed everywhere. The purpose for this study was to examine the Christian Religious Education teachers’ perception on the use of valuing methods for learner value acquisition in National Secondary Schools in Kenya. The objective of the study was to establish the Christian Religious Education teachers’ perception on the use of valuing methods for learner value acquisition and to find out the challenges they face in the process. The study was based on the Theory of Development of values. The study adopted mixed methods under the convergent parallel design. The target population of the study was 95 national secondary schools in Kenya with a total of 224 CRE teachers. However, 30% of schools and teachers were sampled. The study sample size was 67 CRE teachers. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling to select the schools for study and purposive sampling technique to select CRE teachers to participate in the study. Data was collected through the questionnaire, document analysis, and interview and observation schedules. The validity and reliability of data collection instruments was done through use of experts and piloting respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics presented in frequencies and percentages while the qualitative data was analyzed in thematic coding. The study revealed that CRE teachers are conscious of certain values that the CRE content is to facilitate to learners and are aware that particular content may not only transmit a single value depending on how it is facilitated they are however not keen on being specific on relating particular content to particular values. The main reasons perceived by the teachers to this non-use was noted as overcrowded curriculum, insufficient in-service training and the seeming neglect of the affective domain in teaching and examinations. Much as majority of the teachers do not use valuing methods, they however perceive them as having positive characteristics that can enrich content acquisition by learners. Study recommends that the syllabus be explicit in mentioning particular values in relation to particular teaching content. On this note the study recommends that KICD should work very closely with CRE subject specialists to ensure that the affective domain in the teaching of CRE is given adequate guidance.

Pengaruh Penerapan Ice Breaking Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Budi Pekerti Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio Kabupaten Samosir Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of implementing Ice Breaking on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method in this research is a pre-experimental design research method in the form of "One Shot Case Study". The population is all class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sitio-tio Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 105 people and a sample of 35 people was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 31 items, namely 15 items for variable Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year is known based on: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.580 &gt; rtable(=0.05,n=35) = 0.334. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.090 &gt; ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=33)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="36.05"+0.71X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 33.6%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount &gt; Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=35-2=33) namely 16.70 &gt; 2.01. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Ice Breaking terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Balige Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 &gt; ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

Embracing the Emic of Minahasa celebration culture and Christian Religious Education

Christian Religious Education (CRE) studies are often known to neglect the incorporation of local culture, as regulations primarily mandate the inclusion of Christian dogmatics and social issues. In fact, Christian ethics and biblical doctrine receive massive exploration compared to social and cultural discussions. Therefore, this study explored Minahasan celebration practice as an alternative dimension that can be integrated into the CRE curriculum, thereby bridging the gap between social and religious features. A sensitive analysis was used to delve into Minahasan cultural expression, which potentially contributed to the tension. The study used literature, references, articles and books to construct the practice and philosophy of each ritual. In essence, practices such as mapalus, kampetan, mu’kur and foso rummages are alternative values for the CRE curriculum.Contribution: The findings contribute to developing the Christian Religious Education curriculum in Indonesia, specifically Minahasa. Local cultures share values relating to social, religious and educational values, potentially enriching and developing the curriculum. Ritual practices could contribute significantly to the Christian Religious Education that provides local cultural elements.