Christian Education Research Articles

Peran Guru Kristen dalam Membangun Karakter Siswa di Sekolah Multikultural

This research examines the role of Christian teachers in building student character in multicultural schools. Using a holistic approach, this research explores how the integration of Christian values ​​in the formal and informal curriculum, as well as the development of programs that support diversity, can shape students’ overall character. The research results show that Christian teachers who consistently apply values ​​such as love, honesty, integrity, and tolerance in their teaching not only improve students’ academic aspects but also strengthen their morals and ethics. In addition, Christian teachers’ participation in extracurricular programs has been proven to have a significant positive influence on the formation of students’ character, especially through activities that encourage cooperation, empathy and respect for differences. This research confirms the importance of a holistic approach in character education in multicultural schools and the significant contribution of Christian values ​​in forming an ethical and tolerant generation.

Upaya Membentuk Karakter Anak Sekami di Lingkungan Waitiu Paroki Santo Alfonsus Maria De Liguori Melalui Kegiatan Keagamaan

The activities of Dedication to the Society (PkM) with the aim of educating the children of Sekami in the Waitiu Parish of St. Alfonsus Maria de Liguori Lewotala are important activities for shaping the character of children of the Sekami. This is done because today many Sekami children are trapped in life behaviors that deviate from Christian teachings like stealing, making dirty words, disrespecting parents, teachers and peers, not engaging in spiritual activities and so on. The activity aims to cultivate and shape the character of the Sekami children in the Waitiu Parish of St. Alfonsus Maria de Liguori Lewotala through religious education activities. The method in this devotional activity is in the form of cultivation and education to the children of Sekami through presence, involvement and also sharing of faith. This dedication takes place every Saturday afternoon in May 2024. The result of this activity is the children of the Waitiu Parish of St. Alfonsus Maria de Liguori Lewotala.becoming increasingly aware and growing in himself the Christian character of life by engaging in various activities programmed by animators-animatrists in order to make himself a superior human being later on who is firmly attached to Christian teachings.

Muhammad's Prophecy in Christianity and Islam: Debate and Controversy

The cross-religious debate that is most often discussed is about the claim of the apostle as the final Prophets, which is believed in Christianity that it never happened. The apostle was Muhammad Pbuh, an ordinary human being given advantages and privileges and elevated above all creatures. Contrary to the Christian belief that Isa or Jesus in the Christian belief is their greatest human being, the Bible is written about the arrival of a great figure that was promised. Therefore, this paper seeks to reveal the truth in Christian teachings regarding Muhammad as the complement of previous teachings. By including evidence from several figures from these two heavenly religions, namely Christianity and Islam, supported by evidence found in the Bible and al-Qur’an. The descriptive analysis method is used in this research to analyze the understanding of the two major religions of the world and related cross-religious teachings and doctrines. It’s supported by comparative methods that make it easier to see and know the comparisons found in both Islam and Christianity. A theological approach is used in this qualitative literature review, where the perspective of this writing is taken from studies that analyze scripts from holy books, discussing interfaith concepts and matters related to doctrine in religion. With this research it is hoped that further researchers will be able to take the value if necessary to be refined with an explanation broader and complete the deficiencies contained in this writing.

Peran Kepala Sekolah SMK Negeri 1 Dolok Sanggul dalam Pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah dan Hubungannya dalam Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Kristen

The role of the principal of SMK Negeri 1 Dolok Sanggul in implementing school based management in the context of its relationship with Christian educational leadership in order to be able to improve the quality of the learning process in the school context. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the role of school principals in implementing SBM and this research uses qualitative researches were interviews, observation, and qeustionnaiers. The result of the research are the influence of the role of the school principal on the implementasion of school based management and its relationship in Christian educational leadership. Keywords:Headmaster, School Based Management, Christian Education

Etika Berpacaran dalam Tinjuan Etika Kristen

The author is interested in discussing the role of dating ethics in the review of Christian ethics. The importance of digging deeper into how dating ethics can be applied in the dynamics of today's life is the basis of this conversation.This journal aims to explore the ethics of dating not only to form, but also to strengthen the relationship between partners.Qualitative method is a scientific research that aims to understand a phenomenon in natural social contact by prioritizing the process of in-depth communication interaction between the researcher and the phenomenon to be discussed. Ethics is about what is good and right. Most people agree with the ethical values of honesty, keeping promises, respect, accepting mistakes, respecting human rights and taking responsibility. Dating ethics refers to the principles and practices that should be followed when in love. It includes qualities such as respect, honesty and commitment to the relationship. Dating rituals also include the responsibility to protect your partner's feelings and trust. You as well as avoid any actions that hurt or harm both parties in the relationship. Dating is an exploration between individuals, Creating love with human relationships also increases the motivation to learn, establish close friendships, and give heart. By following these principles, we can create strong and important relationships based on moral values blessed by the teachings of Christ.

Queen Victoria’s ‘Liberated African’: Sarah ‘Sally’ Forbes Bonetta and Her Extraordinary Apprenticeship by the British Royal Family, 1850–1862

ABSTRACT In 1848, Dahomey’s army enslaved a five-year-old Yoruba girl, named Aina, whose fate on the surface was unusual. She was given as a ‘gift’ to a British diplomat who presented her to Queen Victoria in England in 1850. This girl was ‘liberated’ according to anti-slavery law that was applied to Africans taken off slave ships, and she can be identified as a ‘Liberated African’. The Queen’s special interest in Aina was expressed further through her baptism as Sarah Forbes Bonetta (c. 1843–1880), although she was generally known as ‘Sally’. Because of this relationship, British newspapers romanticized her as an ‘African princess’ who symbolized public endorsement of anti-slavery policy. Sally’s apprenticeship centres a fascinating story within the context of the suppression of the slave trade and imperial ambitions in Africa. While not captured on a ship, as 200,000 ‘Liberated Africans’ were, she was enslaved by Dahomey’s army, British diplomats ‘liberated’ her, and the Queen became her legal guardian until the age of 21. The Queen paid for her Christian education in Sierra Leone and England, and in 1862, arranged her marriage to James Pinson Labulo Davies, a wealthy merchant based in Lagos.

Learning Style Approaches in Christian Education

ABSTRACTLearning style theories suggest that individual learners may have different ways of learning and will probably learn better with their preferred learning methods. Educators in almost all fields are increasingly aware of the importance of adopting learning style approaches, which requires instructors to understand the diverse learning styles of students and adapt their teaching strategies to accommodate various learning styles. Given the existence of diverse learning styles, it is impossible to have any single correct way to learn or to teach. However, instructors can provide students with a beneficial and rewarding learning experience by accommodating various learning styles. As the research in the field of learning styles testifies, students will benefit from learning style approaches that are properly adopted. In various areas of Christian education, Christian instructors are also able to make use of learning style approaches to facilitate the learning process of their students.

Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa

Christian Religious Education Lessons on the formation of a person’s character is a very serous thing to be improved and fostered. The example of a Christian’s life will be even more important if that person can bring a very good Christian life and be able to implement his faith in the midst of his own social life. Christian religious education must be seriously improved, because it is related and is an intergal (whole) part in the development and improvement of human life as a whole. Which is assigned to every human being as God’s representative in proclaiming the Word of Truth in the midst of the world. Someone who has studied Christian education well is able to show positive behavior (good character), has different strengths in his actions. He has healthy ideas, faith, hope and optimism. Positive ideas emanate from his mind, as well as the law of attraction, where positive results will be attracted to people who think positively. Realization of Christian Religious Education is said to be isgnificant because it is beneficial in increasing the formation of good character and having a positive self-concept. So thus someone will appear confident with all the capabilities and wholeness owned.

Spiritualitas Sosial Yang Bersumber dari Kristus

As time goes by, human life requires effective and efficient spiritual practices. In Christ's teachings, love is the main value that must be applied in social relationships. This love includes understanding, empathy, and concern for others. Christ also taught the importance of forgiveness, both giving and receiving forgiveness, to repair broken relationships. Apart from that, the value of loyalty is also emphasized in Christ's teachings. This loyalty involves a commitment to mutual support and maintaining strong relationships. Christ also taught the importance of brotherhood, where all people are considered brothers and sisters in the faith, regardless of social or cultural differences. Social justice is also an important part of Christ's teachings. Christ taught us to be fair in treating others and to give equal rights to all people, regardless of their background or social status.

Levirate Marriage & Theo-doctrinal Embargo a Kenyan Experience

African scholars have found themselves in a theo-doctrinal embargo, especially after the 19 th and 20 th century European missionary explosion, that ushered a vibrant protestant Christianity in East Africa that was largely dismissive of cultural dialogues with Christianity. One of the most contested subject, that went beyond the missionary era, and reverberates across the twenty-first century, is the levirate marriage (hereafter, levirate marriage). Outside the missionary armpits, African scholars have continued to debate its efficacy to the christian teachings. In view of this, the theo-doctrinal embargo that has evidently persisted across the mainstream churches and some African Instituted churches (AIC) in Kenya motivated the eventual research and publication of this article. Whereas the mainstream churches maintain that wife inheritance, especially where the male inheritor has another wife is sin, some AICs have tended to support the levirate marriage even where the male inheritor has another wife. They do this by quoting some Old Testament texts, as their reference point. The mainstream churches have insisted that wife inheritance narratives was permitted in the Old Testament in cases where the male inheritor was single and the deceased was childless. This article seeks to examine the biblical understanding of levirate marriage and its place in the Kenyan context. Overall, the article analyzed Scriptural texts dealing with the subject of Levirate marriages and reflected it from an African Christian perspective. The materials in this article were gathered through extensive reading of published works, interviews and via general observation of the practices therein.

Prudentes sicut serpentes: Dissimulation and Concealment in Japanese and Chinese Missions in the Seventeenth Century

This volume aims to explore the concepts of hypocrisy and dissimulation, conceived in the framework of the ‘tensions at the heart of Christian teaching and experience’. This tension primarily points towards a conflict between ideal and lived practice; however, in certain circumstances, dissimulation and deceit might be understood as legitimate responses to a given situation. This article examines significant aspects of dissimulation in the specific case of early modern missions in China and Japan at the end of the sixteenth and throughout the seventeenth century, where missionaries often had to resort to disguise and concealment. Many of them had to overcome immense difficulties just to enter the country; some had to evangelize in secret, living in constant fear and facing ongoing persecution. In these territories, the ‘policy of deceit’ therefore became a relevant part of the proselytizing enterprise. I examine these practices of dissimulation with regard to evangelization strategies, and relate them to the sincerity and the confession of the faith, two of the central problems of the Christian credo. I argue that dissimulation was perceived, by the missionaries, as a legitimate and tactical response to the challenging and complex circumstances of the Japanese and Chinese missions in this period.

Redemption of Sins in Christianity: Analysis of the Holy Bible Texts

Sin has been a frequently discussed topic in the context of Christianity. The concept of inherited sin is viewed as a barrier between humans and God. Christians believe in the redemption of this sin through the sacred blood of Jesus Christ. This concept was prophesied in the Old Testament and fulfilled in the New Testament. This research focuses on the fundamental question regarding the forgiveness of sins through the blood of Jesus, which, over time, evolved from the practice of redemption through priests to the inclusion of indulgences. The objective of this study is to examine and comprehend the sacredness of Jesus Christ's blood, which is the centerpiece of Christian belief, where His blood is seen as the means of sin redemption. A critical descriptive analysis method is employed to explore these the means of sin redemption. A critical descriptive analysis method is employed to explore these viewpoints, revealing various dilemmas arising from Paul's interpretation of this concept. The research findings indicate that the concept of sin in Christianity is a core element of Christian faith, wherein inherited sin can only be absolved through the sacrificial blood of Jesus. However, contemporary Christian teachings have undergone transformations that alter original aspects of the doctrine, where Paul's interpretations, seen as introductions to Christian teachings, influence the original meanings and give rise to the practice of indulgences, which have become part of the evolving Christian doctrine.

Comparative Study of Altruism in Christian and Islam

This article compares the concept of altruism in Islam and Christianity, with the specific aim of identifying their similarities and differences. The research methods employed are descriptive, comparative, and analytical within the qualitative context of literature review. Altruism itself is a philosophy that advocates the spirit of assisting others. In societal life, altruism teaches prioritizing collective interests (of others) over personal interests. When a follower of altruism is asked to help, they assist the person without discrimination. In the context of Christian teachings, altruism is at the core of Jesus' teachings found in the Gospels, particularly in the Sermon on the Mount and the Sermon on the Plain. From biblical traditions to medieval Christianity, the tension between self-affirmation and self-worth values is sometimes debated in terms of “unbiased love,” as expressed by Paul through his phrase “love seeks not its own interests.” Meanwhile, in Islam, altruism is known as īthār, meaning “preferring others over oneself.” The significance of īthār lies in the sacrifice for a greater good; in Islam, the practice of īthār is considered an action reaching the highest level of nobility.

Analisis Pendidikan Agama Kristen Terhadap Paham Radikalisme Dalam Konteks Indonesia

This article offers an analysis of the role of Christian religious education in overcoming radicalism in the Indonesian context. Radicalism in Indonesia is multifaceted, and religious, political, social, and ethnic factors contribute to its prevalence. Religious differences often give rise to misunderstandings and violence which then occurs. Political radicalism stems from power dynamics, including state-sponsored oppression or interstate conflict. Social radicalism manifests through extreme tactics aimed at societal transformation, sometimes ignoring legal norms. Ethnic radicalism promotes a supremacist ideology, justifying violence or discrimination against other ethnic groups. Using qualitative research and literature analysis, this research explores the intersection between Christian education, radicalism, and diversity. The results of research on Christian religious education in Indonesia emphasize values such as diversity, tolerance and peace, which provide a counterweight to radical ideology. By prioritizing these values, Christian education fosters stability across religious, political, social and ethnic dimensions, thereby reducing the risks posed by radicalism. This research underlines the importance of Christian religious education in cultivating a society that is cohesive and tolerant of radical influences.

In spirit and in truth: (re)searching Christianity and racial liberation in education

As educational justice scholarship addressing racial oppression continues to name the role of the spirit, there is a need for Black and Brown Christian educators and researchers to locate ourselves as grounded in the epistemologies and pedagogies of Christ as our spiritual home. This paper brings together eight Black and Brown Christian educators and researchers to grapple with what it means to be Christians committed to racial justice in education against the backdrop of centuries of religious corruption. Through collaborative autoethnography, we turn to our spiritual and religious lives situated within our racialized identities to challenge the disciplinary and material boundaries of what critical qualitative research counts as “knowing.” In doing this, we give ourselves, and all educators and researchers, permission to make evident the unseen forces that shape our ways of being in research and teaching.

Teologi Sebagai Landasan Bagi Gereja Dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan Agama Kristen

The church is a fellowship of saints, called by God to fulfill His mission of teaching sound doctrine to believers in accordance with the Bible. Christian education (PAK) is one of the teaching tasks in the church. This must be done continuously to meet the needs of the faithful. To remain relevant, the church must develop by considering the influence of modern developments that befall the church. In addition, the congregation has shown changes in behavior and lifestyle that are always up-to-date. In addition, the church also encounters teachings that deviate from the Bible and the correct theological foundation. In the development of PAK, the church cannot be separated from theology which is the content of PAK itself. The teaching practiced in the church focuses on God and His work. To understand this, a theology is needed that makes it easy to explain what God's will is for His people. By making theology the basis for the development of biblical PAK, the church grows into a productive congregation that produces more mature congregations who can live out their faith in their daily lives. This article is written using a qualitative descriptive method through literature research. The conclusion of this article is that the church must understand that PAK is a very important mission of the church and needs to be further developed. PAK is part of the church's theological work, so the church must develop PAK based on theology, and theology becomes the basis for the development of PAK in the church.

Using Trentham’s principle of inverse consistency to vet models of human development for use in Christian educator preparation programs

This article aims to utilize Trentham’s Inverse Consistency Protocol (ICP) to appraise human development models for use within Christian educator preparation programs. The authors propose that the ICP can be applied to any secular paradigms to discern potential areas of inconsistency with an institution’s faith tradition. To illustrate application of the ICP in this way, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) model was provided as an example of one model of human development that is widely taught in educator preparation programs. The ZPD model was submitted through the four-step inverse consistency protocol. Findings suggest that ICP is a reflective tool for engaging with the social sciences with integrity after protocol results indicated that ZPD is an appropriate model for use by Christian educators when used responsibly. Implications for extended use of ICP are discussed.

Учительство Христа в классической западноевропейской иконографии

The article examines the visual embodiment of the theme of Christ's teaching in the European visual tradition. The author shows that the pedagogical metaphors of the Teacher and the Educator, vivid in the New Testament texts and the works of the first Christian writers, were reflected in the fine arts through certain iconographic formulas. An assumption is made about the possibility of a pedagogical interpretation of the symbolic image of the Good Shepherd (basing on Clement of Alexandria). Variations in the image of the Teacher in the works of the 4-5th centuries are also analyzed: these are compositions with Christ the Wonderworker and Christ the Philosopher, which had different iconographic prototypes. Regardless of the characteristics of the portrait interpretation of Christ, special attributes (rhetorical gesture, pallium, scroll or open codex) allow to identify Him as a Teacher. The view on Christ as the Teacher and righteousness and divine wisdom, incomparable with earthly knowledge, is a specific of the patristic tradition. The development of Christian art under the influence of liturgical theological the formation caused appearance of new subjects and interpretations in medieval art. Plots previously associated with the theme of Christ’s teaching receive a different view within the framework of typological exegesis. The author shows that the main “pedagogical” plot, which received consistent development in the art of the Middle Ages, is the image of the young Christ in the Jerusalem temple (Luke 2:41-51). The plot was popular due to the veneration of the image of the baby Jesus, general interest in His childhood, and also in connection with the cults of the Mother of God. In the iconography of the 15-17th centuries the polemical component of the plot is often emphasized, with the scene being interpreted as a variant of a dispute. In apocryphal texts dedicated to the childhood of Jesus, there are episodes of interaction between the Divine Youth and school teachers, who generally showed pedagogical carelessness towards the child and recognized His “disability to learn.” In illustrations of the plot children sympathize and support their “classmate” and even glorify Him as God. Finally, in the late Middle Ages, the story of the giving of the Lord's Prayer was spread, with the direct interaction of the Teacher and Preacher with their listeners articulated.

The Efforts of the Pastor as a Christian Educator in Preventing Interreligious Marriages for Young Christian Youth

Humans live in various tribes, nations, cultures, customs and religions, because diversity cannot be denied so that marriages of different beliefs can occur in society. The occurrence of inter-faith marriages is caused by a lack of awareness among young people regarding the impacts that occur when entering into inter-faith marriages. Based on the current prevalence of interfaith marriages, it is necessary for pastors as Christian educators to make efforts to prevent interfaith marriages from continuing to occur. Through this research, the aim is to explain precisely the efforts of pastors as Christian educators in preventing interfaith marriages for young people in GKII Jerusalem Sebelantau, Sekadau Regency. Researchers used descriptive qualitative research methods through observation, interviews and literature techniques. The results of the research obtained are that if the pastor as a Christian educator continuously educates, teaches, guides, and directs Christian young people to the right path through the word of God, then young people will not enter into interfaith marriages even if there is an interfaith marriage. religion, then through God's help can win for the glory of Christ

예전과 기독교 교육 : 신앙형성과 전수를 위한 핵심축

예전과 기독교 교육 : 신앙형성과 전수를 위한 핵심축