Choice Tests Research Articles

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Role Playing terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Kelas 2 SDN Kalisalam 2 pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to determine the comparison of students' speaking skills through pretest and posttest. Role Playing Learning Model is a student-centered, innovative learning model, positioning the teacher as an effective facilitator in contextual learning related to real life situations. This research used one group pretest-posttest design through purposive sampling. The data collection technique used was a test. The instrument used to collect data was a multiple choice test. Data analysis was conducted using the Paired Sample T-test. The results of data calculation through the Paired-Sample T-Test test obtained a significance level of 0.000, meaning that students' speaking skills are better after learning through the role playing learning model than before students receive learning. This means that the learning model has more influence on students' numeracy skills.

Assessing Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Best Practices for Test Item Writing at a Physician Assistant Program: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction Outcomes for specific racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread protests demanding racial justice in 2020 renewed a focus on health equity practices and bias in medical education. Routine inclusion of sociodemographic identifiers such as sex/gender, age, race, and/or ethnicity in test items risks perpetuation of implicit bias and race-based practices in medical education. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of test items in a pathophysiology course series at an academic medical center in the Western United States. Sociodemographic identifiers in multiple choice test items were reviewed to determine clinical relevance. Results Of 795 test items, 475 referred to sociodemographic information (gender, race/ethnicity, age, sexual orientation) and in only 27.5% of questions, this inclusion was clinically relevant (131/475). Discussion Current evidence suggests that routine inclusion of sociodemographic information in test items infrequently supports the clinical diagnosis and perpetuates implicit bias and race-based practices in medical education. Thoughtful inclusion of sociodemographic information in assessment offers an opportunity to address sociostructural determinants of health.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Sub Materi Daur Biogeokimia Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 > ttable = 1.989. Because tcount > ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.

Absence of female preference and the origin of a unisexual species, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa)

AbstractThe role of hybridization as a formative process in evolution has received much attention in the past few decades. A particularly fascinating outcome of hybrid speciation is the formation of asexual hybrid species. The Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is such a hybrid and originated from a P. mexicana mother and a P. latipinna father. Consequently, a heterospecific mating must have occurred leading to the Amazon molly, indicating a breakdown of any potential prezygotic isolation between parental species. Here we studied the female mate preferences of extant P. mexicana and P. latipinna from several populations using standard binary choice tests with males of both sexual species that were matched for size. Poecilia mexicana and P. latipinna can be crossed in the lab, however, the offspring are not asexual, but sexual F1s. In our study, we generated F1s and tested their mating preferences with sexual males of both P. mexicana and P. latipinna against F1 males. Overall, our results show that in extant P. mexicana and P. latipinna no female preference for conspecific males was detectable. Consequently, heterospecific matings are possible and not hindered by any apparent behavioral prezygotic isolation. If female preferences in these species were comparable around the time the Amazon molly originated as a hybrid species ca. 100,000 years ago, matings leading to hybrids would be very likely. F1 females also have no discernable mating preferences for either sexual males or F1 males. Such lack of prezygotic behavioral isolation could potentially lead to F2 individuals, backcrosses, and introgression.

UTILIZING ENGLISH SONGS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LISTENING SKILL

Listening is one of the four basic skills that students must master before learning a foreign language. According to Elmetaher (2021) listening can be a challenge because listening is a complex process. In addition, students have difficulties in listening English. The teacher should be found an appropriate learning strategy to improve students’ listening skills. Therefore, the research aims to determine the significant improvement of utilizing English songs to improve students' listening skills. Songs can create more interesting learning atmosphere. The populations of the research were tenth grade in one of the senior high schools in Tangerang and the samples were 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. The research used quasi-experimental design. The writers used pre-test and post-test in each class to get the data. The writers used multiple choice test with three indicators contained. The indicators were word perception, word recognition, and comprehension. The collected data were analyzed by using independent sample t-test. The result of this research is there is a significant improvement. In conclusion, utilizing English songs can improve students' listening skills.

PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN SIKAP ILMIAH SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA

This study was motivated by the problems faced by teachers of physics are the low daily rate of students, it is characterized by  50% of students are in the range of values below 60. The purpose of this experimental study is (1) reveals the presence or absence of a firmness differences in learning outcomes between students taught using cooperative learning model Group Investigation (GI) with students who are taught by using conventional learning model, (2). reveals the presence or absence of firmness is a difference of scientific attitude of students, between students taught using cooperative learning model Group Investigation (GI) with students who are taught by using conventional learning model. This study was an experimental study. The first and second hypothesis can be tested using one-way ANOVA test. Differences in the use of cooperative learning model Group Investigation (GI) with conventional learning model on learning outcomes and student scientific attitude among these variables will be known. Subjects of this study were taken randomly selected by lottery first is the X3 class numbered 40 students, was elected second lottery X5 is a class of 40 students, the class were tested for normality and homogeneity. Timing of treatment for 2 x 45 minutes (1 x meetings) that do as much as 8 times the meeting. At the end of the treatment in the final meeting of the subjects were given a final test consists of 23 multiple choice test items with time-90 minutes. Based on calculations using ANOVA one lane, with criteria if F count> F table, then H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a difference (not homogeneous), and if F count <F table, then H0 is accepted, meaning that there is no difference (homogeneous). Under these provisions, it can be interpreted that there is no difference in learning outcomes for 1.7731 <3.96. F count <F table or 1.773 <6.97 then H0 is accepted, meaning that there are no significant differences in the scientific attitude of students who use the model of cooperative learning model Group Investigation (GI) than conventional learning model The findings of this study indicate that there are differences in learning outcomes and scientific attitude of students, between students taught using cooperative learning model Group Investigation (GI), with students taught by conventional learning model. Keyword: group investigation, the results of learning, scientific attitude

Penerapan Pembelajaran Berorientasi NoS (Nature of Science) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa

The results of observations carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Pemenang, North Lombok Regency, found that the classical completeness obtained was far from the predetermined indicators. The low student learning outcomes are thought to occur because presentations often use the lecture method and there are no practical activities because the tools for this are not available. Apart from that, in every lesson that uses the lecture method the teacher is often the center of attention and the students are only the receiving objects. So students do not have the opportunity to develop knowledge and abilities in science process skills. The NoS (Nature of Science) model invites students to be able to train students' abilities in improving problem-solving abilities so that they can improve students' science process skills and understanding of concepts. The aim of this research is to improve students' science process skills and conceptual understanding through the NoS (Nature of Science) learning model on the sub-subject of environmental pollution. This type of research is classroom action research carried out in 2 cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, evaluation and reflection stages. Research data in the form of student learning outcomes was taken using multiple choice test techniques and descriptions. The average score obtained in cycle I was 76.07, in cycle II it increased to 80.00. While classical completeness was 67.85% in cycle I, in cycle II it increased to 85.71%. Meanwhile, the average score for students' science process skills in cycle I was 70.8 in the high category, in cycle II the average score for students' science process skills increased to 78.1 in the high category. The conclusion of this research is that NOS (Nature of Science) oriented learning can improve students' science process skills and understanding of concepts.

Investigating biological performance, oviposition and diet preference of the twospotted spider mite feeding on various melon genotypes

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most dangerous pests for many crops worldwide, including the melon. Here, we raise the hypothesis that the resistance of melon genotypes to the spider mite is associated with the morphological characteristics of the leaves. We determined (i) the feeding preference and oviposition suitability of T. urticae on four melon genotypes, (ii) various biological parameters and population growth rate (ri) of T. urticae on different melon genotypes, (iii) the leaf morphology of the melon genotypes, and (iv) the relationship between the leaf characteristics and resistance to T. urticae. In no choice tests, lower numbers of adults and eggs of T. urticae were found in the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 11–1071-43, and CNPH 06-1047-341 compared to control (Goldex). Individuals that fed on CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 genotypes had a longer egg incubation time, longer development time, lower immature viability, longer time to reach adult stage (egg–adult) and lower instantaneous rate of increase compared to control. These findings are in line with the fact that these three genotypes had thicker epidermis and greater mesophyll thickness than control genotype “Goldex”. Even the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 had higher trichome densities, this morphological characteristic was not related with the resistance to T. urticae. CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 showed antibiosis and antixenosis against T. urticae and that resistance of the melon to T. urticae wss associated with the greater thickness of the leaf epidermis and mesophyll.

The development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on 8 major crops in Japan and its oviposition preference for maize and soybean.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a polyphagous pest native to the Americas. It first invaded Japan in July 2019, and the most damaged crop in this region to date has been maize. To determine pest control strategies, the range of crops potentially damaged by S. frugiperda in Japan should be identified. In this study, the effects of 8 major crops in Japan-forage maize Zea mays subsp. mays, sugarcane Saccharum officinarum, forage and edible rice Oryza sativa subsp. japonica, soybean Glycine max, eggplant Solanum melongena, green bell pepper Capsicum annuum var. grossum, sweet potato Ipomoea batatas, and taro Colocasia esculenta-on the development of S. frugiperda were analyzed by feeding leaves of domestic cultivars during larval stage. Spodoptera frugiperda developed from hatching to adulthood and laid eggs in all 7 treatments, except for taro. However, among them, only soybean showed comparable developmental suitability to maize. Therefore, its oviposition preference for maize and soybean was examined using further nonchoice and choice tests. In the nonchoice test, the number of egg masses oviposited for 3 days on soybean plants was significantly less than that on test containers, while that on maize was comparable to that on containers. These findings can explain partly why major damage has been limited to maize in Japan.

Profile of Pre-service Physics Teachers' Representational Fluency on Electrostatic Concept

Science teachers have to master representational to communicate and be aware of the students’ difficulties in understanding science concepts. This study aims to determine representational fluency as part of science communication skills in pre-service physics teachers. This study uses descriptive analysis techniques based on the percentage. The research subjects are 50 pre-service physics teachers aged between 19 and 22 years. This study was conducted at the Study Program of Physics Education of a college in Maluku. How fluent is a pre-service physics teacher in representing the concept of electrostatic was measured using 15 valid and reliable representational fluency multiple choice test that includes four component of representational fluency: constructing single representation, constructing multiple representation, translating between representation and reviewing single representation. The findings of the present study indicate that although students had started to learn concepts of electrostatic their representational fluency is still low. The preservice teachers’ rate of giving correct answers to the test items varies between 8% and 48%. The mean score of the pre-service teachers was found to be 4.06. Keywords: representational fluency, electrostatic

Systematic Literature Review: Analysis of Misconception Problems and Diagnostic Instruments for Learning Chemistry

This research aims to analyze research trends in Chemical misconceptions in chemistry learning and diagnostic instruments used. The research method used in this research is a systematic literature review (SLR). The database obtained was 16 articles selected from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases with Publish or Perish (PoP). The results of the research found were the majority of students experienced misconceptions in learning chemistry caused by errors in preconceptions and abstract thinking concepts in the material, the method used to analyze the misconceptions found was a two-level, three-level, four-level diagnostic instrument, multiple choice, and semi-open tests and The misconceptions found in chemistry materials are acid-base, reaction rate, chemical equilibrium, chemical bonding, salt hydrolysis, and buffer solution.

Keterampilan Menyimak Dengan Menggunakan Media Podcast Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Makassar

This study aims to describe listening skills before and after using podcast media for class VIII students of SMP Negeri 16 Makassar. This type of research is experimental research with quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study were all VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 16 Makassar totalling 204 consisting of seven classes homogeneously. Sampling in this study used simple random sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was a multiple choice test. The data collection techniques used by researchers are pretest, action, and posttest. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistics. The pretest results showed that the average student score was 47.5 and the posttest results showed that the average student score was 83.18. So it can be concluded that podcast media has an effect on listening skills in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 16 Makassar.

Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning dengan Media Powtoon untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kimia

The research “The Application of Problem Based Learning Model with Powtoon Media to Improve Chemistry Learning Outcomes” aims to determine the improvement of student’s chemistry outcomes taught using problem based learning model with powtoon media. This research method used is Pre-Experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIPA 2 SMAN 8 Kendari which amounted to 24 people. Data collection techniques were carried out using research instruments in the form of multiple choice test of 20 questions, observation sheets, and students response questionnaires. The results shiwed that the average value of student learning outcomes was 78,23 with an average n-gain of 0,73, the average percentage of student learning activities and teacher teaching activities was 88,63% and 83,33% respectively or in the very good category, the average percentage of student responses to the application of problem based learning models with powtoon media was 76,42% or in the good category

Medium-chain triglyceride-specific appetite is regulated by the β-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids in the liver.

Most studies on fat appetite have focused on long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) due to their obesogenic properties. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), conversely, exhibit antiobesogenic effects; however, the regulation of MCT intake remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that mice can distinguish between MCTs and LCTs, and the specific appetite for MCTs is governed by hepatic β-oxidation. We generated liver-specific medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)-deficient (MCADL-/-) mice and analyzed their preference for MCT and LCT solutions using glyceryl trioctanoate (C8-TG), glyceryl tridecanoate (C10-TG), corn oil, and lard oil in two-bottle choice tests conducted over 8 days. In addition, we used lick microstructure analyses to evaluate the palatability and appetite for MCT and LCT solutions. Finally, we measured the expression levels of genes associated with fat ingestion (Galanin, Qrfp, and Nmu) in the hypothalamus 2 h after oral gavage of fat. Compared with control mice, MCADL-/- mice exhibited a significantly reduced preference for MCT solutions, with no alteration in the preference for LCTs. Lick analysis revealed that MCADL-/- mice displayed a significantly decreased appetite for MCT solutions only while the palatability of both MCT and LCT solutions remained unaffected. Hypothalamic Galanin expression in control mice was elevated by oral gavage of C8-TG but not by LCTs, and this response was abrogated in MCADL-/- mice. In summary, our data suggest that hepatic β-oxidation is required for MCT-specific appetite but not for LCT-specific appetite. The induction of hypothalamic galanin upon MCT ingestion, dependent on hepatic β-oxidation, could be involved in the regulation of MCT-specific appetite.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether and how medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) intake is regulated remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice can discriminate between MCTs and LCTs. Hepatic β-oxidation participates in MCT-specific appetite, and hypothalamic galanin may be one of the factors that regulate MCT intake. Because of the antiobesity effects of MCTs, studying MCT-specific appetite may help combat obesity by promoting the intake of MCTs instead of LCTs.

The oviposition preference and offspring performance of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

Given the rapid spread and potential harm caused by the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in China, it has become imperative to comprehend the developmental biology of this invasive species. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of A. tumida female oviposition site preference on larval growth and development. To examine this, we investigated the ovipositional preference of adult female A. tumida on bee pupae, beebread, banana, and honey through a free choice test. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of these food resources on offspring performance, which included larval development time, survival, wandering larvae weight, emerged adult body mass, reproduction, and juvenile hormone titer. Our results showed that A. tumida females exhibited a strong preference for ovipositing on bee pupae compared to other diets, while showing reluctance toward honey. Moreover, A. tumida larvae that were fed on bee pupae displayed accelerated growth compared to those fed on other diets. Furthermore, A. tumida fed on bee pupae exhibited higher weights for wandering larvae, and emerged adult, increased pupation rates, enhanced fecundity and fertility, as well as a larger number of unilateral ovarioles during the larval stage when compared to those fed on other diets. Overall, the results indicate that the oviposition preferences of A. tumida females are adaptive, as their choices can enhance the fitness of their offspring. This finding aligns broadly with the hypothesis of oviposition preference and larval performance. This study can provide a foundation for the development of attractants aimed at promoting the oviposition of the A. tumida adults.

Hubungan Antara Manajemen Waktu Dengan Hasil Belajar Fiqih (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Kelas XI MAN 21 Jakarta)

<h3><em>The relationship between time management practices and academic results in the field of Fiqh (Islamic Law) for grade 11 students at MAN 21 Jakarta. This research, which specifically focuses on the subject of Fiqh, aims to understand how effective time management can improve academic performance. Data was collected from Class XI students using a case study methodology to investigate their time management habits and corresponding academic success in Fiqh. This research adds to our understanding of the factors that influence academic success in Islamic studies, especially in the educational context at MAN 21 Jakarta. This study adopted a quantitative approach and used correlational methods. Likert scales for time management and multiple choice tests for learning outcomes are among the research instruments. This research was sparked by the phenomenon of modern youth preferring to engage in online games on their devices rather than focus on their studies, resulting in a decline in academic performance. Student time management is crucial and has a significant impact on their learning outcomes. Prioritizing essential activities becomes difficult if a student's time management is ineffective, resulting in decreased academic performance. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between time management and learning outcomes in Islamic Law (Fiqh) among grade 11 students at MAN 21 Jakarta.</em></h3><h3><strong><em><br /></em></strong></h3>

Orthographic and Semantic Learning During Shared Reading: Investigating Relations to Early Word Reading.

Shared reading provides preschool-age children with the opportunity to learn novel, low-frequency words. Abundant empirical evidence demonstrates that children can learn the meanings of such words during shared reading, referred to as "semantic learning." However, less is known about whether children learn the spellings of words during shared reading, referred to as "orthographic learning," and whether this learning is related to early word reading. The present study tested relations between individual differences in 4- to 6-year-old children's semantic and, critically, orthographic learning during shared reading and their early word reading skill. In an adaptation of the self-teaching paradigm, children listened to a storybook about novel inventions referred to with nonword names. Children then completed orthographic and semantic choice tests, as well as standardized measures of early word reading and phonological awareness. Individual differences in orthographic, but not semantic, learning during shared reading were related to early word reading, after controls for age and phonological awareness. This study provides a novel test of learning during shared reading, helping to specify the relation between orthographic and semantic learning and early word reading skill. These findings hold implications for theoretical perspectives on relations between learning during shared reading and early word reading, as well as implications for educational practice. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25492765.

ZERO WASTE REVOLUTION: TRANSFORMING SCHOOLS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the Zero Waste program and environmental literacy among secondary school students in West Lampung. The research method used is a mixed method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, multiple choice test questions, questionnaire tests, and documentation. The research results show that the Zero Waste program in schools applies the 5R principle (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot). The implementation of this zero waste program has a positive impact on environmental literacy and on students' lives. Students' environmental knowledge and cognitive skills are in the medium category, while students' attitudes and behavior towards the environment are in the high category. The average student environmental literacy in the medium category. Thus, this research shows that the Zero Waste program has a positive impact on students' environmental literacy.

The Effect of Using Instagram Polling Quiz Towards Students’ Vocabulary Mastery

The aims of this research is to determine the significant effect of using the Instagram Polling Quiz application on students' vocabulary mastery. To help enhance the students’ vocabulary mastery of tenth grade at SMKN 1 Trenggalek. This research uses a quantitative design method with a quasi-experimental method that uses statistical analysis. This research involved tenth grade of DKV 1 students and tenth grade of DKV 3 students at SMKN 1 Trenggalek in the academic year of 2023/2024 as subjects. In collecting data, researchers used multiple choice tests as instruments. The analysis provided is a pre-test and post-test after treatment. The researcher analyzed the data obtained utilizing SPSS version 25 with paired sample t-test analysis. Furthermore the post-test score in the experimental class was higher than the control class (79,03 > 74,83). So that the results of the paired sample t-test for experimental class in this research show a significance value of 0,000 < 0,05. This means that is rejected and is accepted. In conclusion, this research has been able to answer the research problem, namely “Is there any significant effect of utilizing Instagram Polling Quiz application towards students’ vocabulary mastery at the Tenth Grade of SMKN 1 Trenggalek?” Furthermore, there is a significant influence of implementing the Instagram Polling Quiz on students' vocabulary mastery.

Students' Creative Thinking Ability Through the Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model Assisted by Talking Sticks

Having the ability to think creatively is preparation for facing the 4.0 era. The application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by Talking Stick in science subjects can create an active learning atmosphere, create new ideas, be cheerful and enthusiastic so that it can improve students' creative thinking abilities. This research is a type of quantitative experimental research with a pre-experimental design. The research was conducted in class V at SDN 01 Kaleo, SDN 02 Kaleo, and SD Inpres Kaleo, totaling 69 students. The research instrument uses multiple choice tests and descriptions. Data analysis uses the Actual Completion Limit (BTA). The mastery of students' creative thinking abilities increased by 11.6% from the pre-test of 66.7% to the post-test of 78.3%. After implementing the PjBL model assisted by Talking Stick, the classification of creative thinking abilities increased in the high category. There were no students in the pre-test while there were 14 students in the post-test. The creative thinking abilities of fifth grade students in the science subject water cycle material can increase after implementing the PjBL model with the help of Talking Stick. The development of a PjBL-based textbook with the help of Talking Stick for students' creative and critical thinking abilities is the idea for the development of this research.