Provision Of Choice Research Articles

Domestic Animal Welfare at the Zoo: The Impact of an Animal Visitor Interaction Program on Chickens

Many modern zoos strive to create connections between guests and animals through animal visitor interaction (AVI) programs. However, there has been relatively little research into the effect of AVI programs on the welfare of program animals. Previous research has revealed three factors that may affect AVI program animal welfare: species differences, handling and transport, and the provision of choice and control. We assessed the effects of an AVI program designed with these factors in mind on the behavior of a flock (N = 16) of zoo-housed domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). Behavioral data were collected on program days and on non-program (control) days, and we considered the time leading up to the program, the program itself, and the time immediately following the program. When comparing flock behavior on program days to control days, we found no differences in behavioral indicators of welfare during the time leading up to the program and during the program. Rates of aggression, however, were significantly greater after the program had concluded compared to the same time period on matched control days, but still occurred infrequently. Additionally, we recorded the spatial location of each animal while the program occurred and found that the chickens did not spend significantly more or less time in the feeding zone as visitor participation increased, although there were individual differences within the flock. We conclude that the relatively small behavioral changes seen were not indicative of a change in welfare and consider those results in the context of the program design.

Le portage de repas à domicile : processus d’installation et d’appropriation de ce service par les personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie

The onset of disabilities may lead older adults to delegate some daily activities to a caregiver. While a large majority of older people look forward to staying at home as long as possible, the loss of autonomy may constitute a disruptive element in a person's life. Objective. Our objective was to explore the setting-up and the appropriation processes of meals-on-wheels service among older adults. Method. Semi-directive interviews were conducted with 30 beneficiaries of meals-on-wheels service (21 women; 70-97 years old). Result. The thematic analysis of the interviews showed that the implementation of this service is often linked to a loss of functional capacity which limits older adults’ ability to do their food shopping. Two main situations were observed: for some participants, the implementation of this service is one step among others within in the gradual implementation of various care services, while for others the implementation of a meals-on-wheels service is sudden, often following hospitalization. This dynamic is influenced by the life situation of the older person and the presence/absence of relatives. In fact, the personal involvement of an older individual in the implementation of this service varies greatly from one person to another and can influence the perception of this service. Conclusion. Meals-on-wheels service may be improved by introducing “freedom spaces” such as provision of choice or individualized delivery service, considering the life situation of each beneficiary.

A recursive algorithm for student selection of schools in a constrained serial dictatorship mechanism

ABSTRACT The constrained serial dictatorship mechanism is a popular method used in school admissions. However, due to the number of combinations possible, simulating the behaviour of students in their selection of schools and computing the best strategy for them to select a limited number of schools is currently a highly complex and time-consuming endeavour. The purpose of this study is to propose a recursive algorithm to significantly reduce this computational time and to provide an empirical application by employing this algorithm. To do this, I studied how the behaviours and utilities of students will change if provided with more choices for college admissions in Guangxi in China. The results indicate that neither the behaviours nor the utilities change significantly with the provision of more choices, which implies that increasing the available choices of schools for students in Guangxi would be a waste of resources.

Choice of non-monetary incentives and coupon redemption intention: Monetary saving and price consciousness as moderators

Coupon promotion is widespread in the fast casual restaurant sector. As monetary saving offered in the coupons is costly to suppliers, this study examines: (1) if the provision of choice of non-monetary incentive can substitute high monetary saving in their positive influences on consumers’ redemption intention; and (2) if the substitution effect is contingent on consumers’ level of price consciousness. Drawing from three experimental studies, the results consistently showed that offering choice of non-monetary incentive was effective in increasing consumers’ redemption intention through enhancing their attitude towards the coupon promotion. The effect of offering choice of non-monetary incentive substituted that of high monetary saving, but the substitution effect was merely salient among low price-conscious consumers while the floodlight analysis revealed the point that bifurcates high (versus low) level of price consciousness. The findings add knowledge to the sales promotion and hospitality literature. Meaningful implications are recommended for fast casual restauranteurs.

Self-Selecting the Number of Repetitions in Potentiation Protocols: Enhancement Effects on Jumping Performance.

To investigate whether providing athletes with a choice regarding the number of repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol would enhance jumping performance compared with protocols in which the number of repetitions is predetermined. Fifteen male basketball players completed 4 testing sessions separated by 72 hours. In the first session, individual optimum power loads in the barbell jump squat were determined. In the following 3 sessions, the athletes completed 3 sets of 3 potentiation protocols using optimum power load jump squats in a partly randomized order: (1)The traditional condition included 6 repetitions per set, (2)the self-selected condition included a choice regarding the number of repetitions to complete per set, and (3)the imposed condition included the same number of repetitions per set as the self-selected condition, but the number was imposed on the athletes beforehand. The jumping performance was determined as jump squat test height and measured using a force platform before and 30seconds, 4minutes, and 8minutes after completing the protocols. The self-selected condition led to superior jumping performance compared with the 2 other conditions across all post measures (P < .05; range: 0.3-1.3cm). Compared with the traditional condition, the imposed condition led to superior jumping performance across all post measures (range: 0.2-0.45cm), although not statistically significant at post 4minutes and post 8minutes. Choice provision concerning how many repetitions to complete in a potentiation protocol is a useful performance-enhancing strategy. Improved potentiation-fatigue ratio and motivational factors are sought to explain these effects.

A qualitative exploration of barriers to HIV prevention, treatment and support: Perspectives of transgender women and service providers.

Transgender (trans) women experience barriers to access to HIV care, which result in their lower engagement in HIV prevention, treatment and support relative to cisgender people living with HIV. Studies of trans women's barriers to HIV care have predominantly focused on perspectives of trans women, while barriers are most often described at provider, organisation and/or systems levels. Comparing perspectives of trans women and service providers may promote a shared vision for achieving health equity. Thus, this qualitative study utilised focus groups and semi-structured interviews conducted 2018-2019 to understand barriers and facilitators to HIV care from the perspectives of trans women (n=26) and service providers (n=10). Barriers endorsed by both groups included: (a) anticipated and enacted stigma and discrimination in the provision of direct care, (b) lack of provider knowledge of HIV care needs for trans women, (c) absence of trans-specific services/organisations and (d) cisnormativity in sexual healthcare. Facilitators included: (a) provision of trans-positive trauma-informed care, (b) autonomy and choice for trans women in selecting sexual health services and (c) models for trans-affirming systems change. Each theme had significant overlap, yet nuanced perspective, between trans women and service providers. Specific recommendations to improve HIV care access for trans women are discussed. These recommendations can be used by administrators and service providers alike to work collaboratively with trans women to reduce barriers and facilitators to HIV care and ultimately to achieve health equity for trans women.

Current state of knowledge on the cognitive capacities of goats and its potential to inform species-specific enrichment

• Goats have complex foraging, navigational and social cognitive capacities. • Only a few enrichment opportunities currently exist for nurturing goats’ cognitive capacities in commercial housing. • Providing enrichment early is important to promote behavioural flexibility and safe enrichment interaction later in life. • Enrichments include task-based feeding and automated milking stations and provision of opportunities for preferred social groups. Goats show high flexibility when faced with changing foraging and environmental conditions, as well as dynamic social settings. Their origins in complex natural environments have equipped them with a sophisticated behavioural repertoire grounded in a series of cognitive capacities. We outline examples of how goats navigate feeding, spatial and social contexts, by recognizing and remembering patterns, places and individuals. Using these examples, we argue that if we are to promote good welfare, goats require at least some opportunity to utilize these cognitive capacities. Using lab and farmed animal species, we highlight the benefits of providing an enriched housing environment, particularly the development of increased behavioural flexibility and its positive associations. Considering these, we argue that fostering goats' ability to express natural behaviour and make use of their cognitive capacities is grounded in rethinking how these animals are commonly housed. We therefore conclude with a discussion of options for goat-specific enrichment for commercial goat housing systems, namely variable diet components and delivery methods, as well as provision of choice in milking schedule, feed type and location, and in their social companions.

The clinical and cost effectiveness of surgical interventions for stones in the lower pole of the kidney: the percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureterorenoscopy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower pole kidney stones randomised controlled trial (PUrE RCT) protocol

IntroductionRenal stones are common, with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in adults. Global incidence is increasing due to increases in obesity and diabetes, with these patient populations being more likely to suffer renal stone disease. Flank pain from stones (renal colic) is the most common cause of emergency admission to UK urology departments. Stones most commonly develop in the lower pole of the kidney (in ~35% of cases) and here are least likely to pass without intervention. Currently there are three technologies available within the UK National Health Service to remove lower pole kidney stones: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with laser lithotripsy. Current evidence indicates there is uncertainty regarding the management of lower pole stones, and each treatment has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this trial is to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of FURS compared with ESWL or PCNL in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones.MethodsThe PUrE (PCNL, FURS and ESWL for lower pole kidney stones) trial is a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating FURS versus ESWL or PCNL for lower pole kidney stones. Patients aged ≥16 years with a stone(s) in the lower pole of either kidney confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography of the kidney, ureter and bladder (CTKUB) and requiring treatment for a stone ≤10 mm will be randomised to receive FURS or ESWL (RCT1), and those requiring treatment for a stone >10 mm to ≤25 mm will be randomised to receive FURS or PCNL (RCT2). Participants will undergo follow-up by questionnaires every week up to 12 weeks post-intervention and at 12 months post-randomisation. The primary clinical outcome is health status measured by the area under the curve calculated from multiple measurements of the EuroQol five dimensions five-level version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire up to 12 weeks post-intervention. The primary economic outcome is the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained at 12 months post-randomisation.DiscussionThe PUrE trial aims to provide robust evidence on health status, quality of life, clinical outcomes and resource use to directly inform choice and National Health Service provision of the three treatment options.Trial registrationISRCTN: ISRCTN98970319. Registered on 11 November 2015.

O1.5. CLUSTERING-BASED BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPES OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA DETERMINED USING OBJECTIVELY QUANTIFIED REAL-WORLD PERFORMANCE

BackgroundIntrinsic motivation (IM) deficits are a prominent feature of schizophrenia that substantially impacts functional outcome. Previous investigations have primarily assessed IM as a general construct or towards specific activities, but multifaceted examination of IM using objective and ecologically valid means has been lacking. The current study aimed to determine whether IM-driven real-world behaviours of individuals with and without schizophrenia reveal distinct behavioural phenotypes that predict differential clinical and functional profiles.MethodsForty-five stable adult outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 47 healthy controls (HC), group-matched for age and sex, completed the study. Wireless motion capture was used to quantify participants’ behaviour (during two previously validated 15-minute open-field tasks) aligning with distinct aspects of IM: exploratory behaviour (in an unfamiliar setting that contained common and uncommon objects) and unincentivized activity engagement (under provision of explicit choice between active versus passive engagement options). Sparse k-means clustering was applied to task-derived indices of locomotion and object exploration, and activity duration, intensity, and persistence to identify behaviourally differentiable subgroups. Clusters were compared across standard clinical measures of general amotivation, cognition, and community functioning. Diagnostic group by cluster assignment interaction effects were evaluated to identify potential discrepancies in within-cluster SZ versus HC differences across clusters.ResultsThree clusters emerged: medium activity and low exploration (20 SZ and 19 HC), low activity and medium exploration (15 SZ and 8 HC), and high activity and exploration (10 SZ and 20 HC). Cluster assignment did not significantly predict diagnostic group (Fisher’s exact p=0.067) but indicated increased odds of diminished exploration or activity in SZ (odds ratio=2.57, p=0.047). General amotivation differed across clusters (F(2,89)=6.31, p=0.003) due to significantly elevated scores in the low exploration and low activity clusters versus the high performance cluster. Evaluation of the diagnostic group by cluster assignment interaction effect for amotivation (F(2,86)=3.12, p=0.062) revealed significantly higher scores in SZ versus HC within the low exploration and high performance clusters, but not the low activity cluster. Evaluation of the interaction effect for community functioning (F(2,86)=4.86, p=0.007) revealed significantly lower scores in SZ versus HC within all clusters, with the discrepancy increasing from high performance to low activity to low exploration.DiscussionMultidimensional characterization of IM stands to provide valuable insights into motivation and functioning deficits in schizophrenia that behaviourally manifest differently across individuals. Impairment in IM-driven behaviour may be substantially detrimental particularly for individuals with schizophrenia, as SZ participants demonstrated clinically observable deficits even compared to within-cluster HC counterparts. The current lack of objective standards to measure IM underscores the benefit of behaviour-based characterization. Further, as IM has been deemed a valuable psychosocial intervention target in schizophrenia, multidimensional behavioural phenotyping may help guide personalized therapy by differentiating between IM impairments demanding amelioration versus unimpaired tendencies that may be leveraged to facilitate remediation.

Clustering energy and water conservation behaviors as choices: examining the moderating roles of message elaboration and involvement

This study provided practical advice for energy and water conservation message design by examining the role of choice provision (a message feature), message elaboration (a situational factor), and issue involvement (an individual factor) on intentions to conserve. The data were collected through an online survey experiment (N = 857). Across topics, message elaboration and involvement were positively associated with intentions. Furthermore, an interaction between message elaboration and involvement was found for both contexts. Choice did not directly affect intentions for either topic, although a 3-way interaction between choice, message elaboration, and involvement was found within the context of water conservation.

Choose your own assessment – assessment choice for students in online higher education

ABSTRACTOn the back of recent assessment choice projects this study seeks to reimagine higher education assessment as a means of shifting the ‘locus of control’ from the teacher to the student. Central to this shift is the belief that a flexible assessment approach will promote self-regulation in learners, increased self-efficacy and, subsequently academic engagement and performance. This paper details the design, setup and configuration of assessment choice for students studying an online business subject. Details are provided outlining the assessment choices made by students and the impact on student satisfaction and the student success rates. Overall students demonstrated receptiveness towards the provision of assessment choice. This was evidenced by positive feedback from students, as well as improved subject satisfaction. While further research is required, the findings presented here provide a case for greater assessment flexibility and the broader adoption of an assessment choice approach in higher education.

An experimental, video-based investigation into the motivating impact of choice and positive feedback among students with different motor competence levels

ABSTRACTBackground: Research stemming from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) shows that physical education (PE) teachers who endorse an autonomy-supportive and structuring motivating style positively affect students’ motivation, engagement and learning. Choice provision and positive feedback are two concrete strategies that are part of an autonomy-supportive and structuring style, respectively. While the benefits of choice provision and positive feedback have been shown in contexts other than PE, evidence in the specific context of PE is much scarcer. Grounded in SDT and relying on experimental design, the present study sought to examine the effects of choice provision and positive feedback on students’ motivational experiences in PE, and whether these effects were moderated by students’ actual motor competence (AMC).Method: A sample of 277 students (41% boys, Mage = 12.78 years) was randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions (2 × 2 design). Prior to the experimental manipulation, participants’ AMC was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development second edition. Participants then watched a videotaped PE lesson, in which the provision of choice (choice – no choice) and type of feedback (corrective feedback – positive and corrective feedback) were manipulated. Participants were asked to imagine how they would feel being a student in the displayed lessons. After watching the video, they completed validated questionnaires on their (1) anticipated need satisfaction and frustration and (2) autonomous and controlled motivation. MANOVAs were conducted to investigate the differences between the experimental groups in terms of anticipated need satisfaction, need frustration and motivation. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the potential moderating role of AMC.Findings and conclusions: The benefits of choice provision were clearly shown with students in the choice condition anticipating significantly more autonomy, competence and relatedness satisfaction and autonomous motivation, while they anticipated significantly less autonomy and relatedness frustration when compared to students in the no choice condition. Similarly, the addition of positive feedback to corrective feedback yielded clear benefits, with lower averages in anticipated need frustration found among students who watched the videos in which positive feedback was added to corrective feedback. No support was provided for a synergetic motivational effect between choice and positive feedback. Overall, the present findings show the importance of offering choice and providing positive feedback to motivate students in PE, with positive effects being present for all students independent of their initial AMC levels. Although few interaction effects were found, lowly motor competent students benefited even more from receiving positive feedback than highly motor competent students. The findings of this study are important to take into account in PE teacher education programs and professional training programs for PE teachers about how to teach in a (more) motivating way.

From Weakling to Superhero: The Economics of Captain America

We examine economic themes surrounding the superhero Captain America. When Steve Rogers became a super soldier, his production and consumption opportunities were expanded greatly, and yet the effect on his lifetime realized utility seems ambiguous. We explore the possibility that Captain America became wealthy through the power of compound return on investment during his stay of nearly 70 years under the Arctic ice. The society and economy that he returned to were much different from what he left behind, and these differences are used to illustrate the nature of economic growth and dynamism. We also show how Captain America’s story illustrates the nature of inflation and major themes in the provision of public goods and public choice.

REPRODUCTIVE CHOICE: INTERNATIONAL ETHICAL STANDARDS AND PROSPECTS FOR LEGAL REGULATION IN CERTAIN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The aim: The article is aimed at elucidating the prospects for the formation of universal ethical and legal standards in the work of medical workers in order to ensure the reproductive choice of a person according to the analysis of international documents, court practice of the ECHR, and the national legislation of individual European countries. Materials and methods: Research materials include scientific developments of both domestic and Western theorists and human rights defenders in the field of medical law in the aspect of reproductive choice. The recommendations of the Center for Reproductive Rights in the USA, the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the ECHR practices were of great importance. This article used the methods of searching, analyzing, organizing, and summarizing information. Conclusions: It is necessary to ensure the provision and guarantee of reproductive choice for everyone at the level of the Constitution. Given the public debate about the contradictions of individual manifestations of reproductive autonomy, it is proposed at the first stage of legal regulation to develop national principles and ethical standards for medical workers in this area.

Is experiencing care as collaborative associated with enhanced outcomes in inpatient eating disorders treatment?

ABSTRACT In eating disorders inpatient care, mandatory treatment components are central to effective service delivery. Thus, fostering a collaborative care environment that supports autonomy, competence, and connection can be challenging. This study examined whether collaborative care is associated with better outcomes in adult inpatient treatment and explored a possible determinant of collaborative care, the manner in which mandatory treatment components were delivered (e.g. consistent implementation of weight gain guidelines, provision of choices regarding intensity of treatment). Inpatients (N = 146) completed measures of eating disorder symptoms, psychological functioning and readiness and motivation for change, pre and post-treatment. At post, they also completed measures of collaborative care, treatment satisfaction, and a new measure designed to evaluate patients’ experiences of mandatory treatment components. After controlling for baseline symptom levels, multiple regression analyses determined that collaborative care was associated with improvements in nearly all symptom domains. Collaborative care was also associated with patient satisfaction and the manner in which mandatory treatment components were delivered (e.g. consistency, provision of choices). In sum, a collaborative environment was associated with improvements in motivation, eating disorder symptoms, and psychiatric functioning and one way in which this may be achieved is in the manner in which mandatory treatment components are delivered.

Identifying the Most Autonomy-Supportive Message Frame in Digital Health Communication: A 2x2 Between-Subjects Experiment.

BackgroundThe effectiveness of digital health communication may be increased by enhancing autonomy supportiveness.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the most autonomy-supportive message frame within an intervention for increasing vegetable intake by testing the effect of the following 2 strategies: (1) using autonomy-supportive language and (2) providing choice.MethodsA Web-based 2 (autonomy-supportive vs controlling language)×2 (choice vs no choice) experiment was conducted among 526 participants, recruited via a research panel. The main outcome measures were perceived autonomy support (measured using the Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire, answered with scores 1 to 5), perceived relevance (measured with one question, answered with scores 1 to 5), and overall evaluation of the intervention (measured with 1 open-ended question, answered with scores 1 to 10).ResultsChoice had a significant positive effect on the overall evaluation of the intervention (b=.12; P=.003), whereas for participants with a high need for autonomy, there was a significant positive effect on perceived relevance (b=.13; P=.02). The positive effect of choice on perceived autonomy support approached significance (b=.07; P=.07). No significant effects on any of the three outcomes were observed for language.ConclusionsResults suggest that provision of choice rather than the use of autonomy-supportive language can be an easy-to-implement strategy to increase the effectiveness of digital forms of health communication, especially for people with a high need for autonomy.

The effects of experimentally induced choice on elementary school children’s intrinsic motivation: The moderating role of indecisiveness and teacher–student relatedness

Although the effects of choice provision on intrinsic motivation have been intensively studied, the number of experimental studies, in particular with elementary school children, is limited. Moreover, many questions regarding the boundary conditions of the effects of choice remain unresolved. Grounded in self-determination theory, the current experimental field study examined the effect of choice provision, versus choice deprivation, on the intrinsic motivation of elementary school children, thereby also addressing the role of child–teacher relatedness and children’s indecisiveness as potential moderators. After elementary school children (N = 126, Mage = 10.8 years) indicated their preference for one of three different painting activities, half of the children were allowed (so said by the teacher) to perform their preferred activity (i.e., the choice provision condition), and the other half were deprived of their choice and instead obliged to engage in a nonpreferred activity (also so said by the teacher). After having performed the activities, children’s intrinsic motivation, autonomy and competence need satisfaction, vitality, and intended persistence were assessed. Children in the choice provision condition, relative to those in the choice deprivation condition, reported enhanced intrinsic motivation and vitality because they experienced more autonomy and competence need satisfaction during the painting activity. Furthermore, because highly indecisive children did not benefit from choice in terms of competence satisfaction, the indirect effect of choice through competence on two indicators of intrinsic motivation was not significant among these children. Relatedness with the teacher did not play a moderating role. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Inclusive Decision Making for Falls Prevention: A Discussion Tool for Use With People With Dementia and Their Caregivers.

Provision of choice and participation in falls prevention strategies is challenging for people with dementia. This study outlines development of a discussion tool to aid engagement of people with dementia and their caregivers in falls prevention strategies. The tool is based on a literature review of falls prevention and dementia care (1990-2016) and decision aid principles and was trialed over 6 months. A total of 25 community-dwelling people with dementia (Mage = 80 years, SD = 7.7, 52% male) and their caregivers (Mage = 73 years, SD = 12.3, 36% male) underwent falls risk assessment and evaluation of their preparedness to change falls risk behaviors. Most commonly rated, and prioritized for intervention, high falls risk factors were impaired balance/mobility (92%), polypharmacy (60%), and incontinence (56%). This discussion tool facilitated collaboration between people with dementia, their caregivers, and health professionals, to increase uptake of acceptable and feasible evidence-based falls prevention strategies.

The Effect of Choice on Motor Learning for Learners With Different Levels of Intrinsic Motivation.

This study examines whether the positive effect of choice on motor learning in a dart-throwing task varies by intrinsic motivation. Participants were allocated to a highly motivated or less-motivated group based on measured task motivation and randomly to a Choice or No Choice group. In Experiment 1, participants in the Choice group chose their dart color. In Experiment 2, they chose when to observe a model demonstration. Results showed that the effect of choice on motor learning differed between highly and less-motivated participants in Experiment 1 (i.e.,interaction between motivation and choice) but not Experiment 2 (i.e.,main effects of motivation and choice). Specifically, motor learning was enhanced in less-motivated but not highly motivated participants when choosing dart color, while it was enhanced regardless of initial intrinsic motivation when choosing model-demonstration time. Therefore, external provision of choice in a motor-learning situation may not be equally effective across learners.

Beneficial for some or for everyone? Exploring the effects of an autonomy-supportive intervention in the real-life classroom.

The present study investigated whether an autonomy-supportive intervention influenced students’ need satisfaction, achievement emotions, and strategies of self-regulated learning differently depending on several student characteristics. The study was conducted with a sample of 345 9th-grade students in 17 physics classrooms who were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control condition. In both conditions, their physics teachers taught a standardized teaching unit on heat transfer that either entailed autonomy support (via provision of choices, provision of rationales, and informational language) or was taught using the regular teaching style. A range of student characteristics (gender, prior physics grades, physics-related effort, interest, extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and perceived autonomy in physics class) were considered as potential moderators. The differential effectiveness of the autonomy-supportive intervention was investigated using the EffecLiteR approach. Both the average effects of the intervention and conditional effects (i.e., distinct interactions of the intervention with each of the student characteristics) were investigated. Analyzing average treatment effects revealed that the autonomy-supportive intervention had a positive impact on all outcomes. The intervention fostered need satisfaction, positive achievement emotions, and learning behaviors and reduced negative emotions. Moreover, the results showed that students’ prior grades moderated the effects of the intervention with regard to 3 outcomes: Students with higher grades reported greater optional choices, joy and effort. These findings point to the benefits of providing autonomy support in physics and demonstrate the relevance of conducting a detailed analysis of the differential effects of motivational interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)