Choice Of Parents Research Articles

Sinergisitas Stakeholder dalam Pengembangan Mutu Pendidikan PAI di SMP N 01 Pajar Bulan

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to increase knowledge about the role of stakeholders in developing the quality of PAI learning. Schools are a service product in education; the services referred to serve the needs of parents for their children's education, especially the needs for junior high school children's education. The choice of parents in choosing a school for their children is different from choosing a secondary school; many factors will One of the considerations for parents to make their choice is references from people they are close to or well known to who send their children to that school. This reference factor must be managed well by internal school parties with external stakeholders as quality guarantors in convincing parents of prospective students of the quality of the school institution. The goals of education in schools will be achieved if all internal components of the school can work together well and not just the internal components of the school; of course, components from outside the school are needed; the external elements of the school consist of parents of students or the surrounding community who have an interest either directly or indirectly within school institutions, the role of these external stakeholders is vital in ensuring the quality of junior high schools so that they run well and stably. Keywords: junior high school children's education, education stakeholders

PERANCANGAN ULANG IDENTITAS VISUAL DI SEKOLAH ISLAM TERPADU LUQMANUL HAKIM KOTA BANDUNG

One of the first private Islamic schools in Arcamanik sub-district was the Luqmanul Hakim Integrated Islamic School (SIT). This school, established in 1996, has been the choice of parents for almost thirty years. Even the people around this school don't know much information. As many as 60.5% of residents in Arcamanik District, Bandung City, do not know the current logo and location of the school. Competitor Schools that have better visual identities have different situations. The ultimate goal of this design is to explain the visualization results of the redesign of the school's visual identity. This compounding collects qualitative data through interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. To support the findings, questionnaires and observations in the field were used to support the data. However, for data analysis, STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) strategies and other strategies are used. From the results of this design, it shows that 57.1% of the academic community at SIT Luqmanul Hakim are satisfied with the results. But a new visual identity approach still has to be made. Keywords: integrated Islamic school, school visual identity, redesign visual identity

Родные языки в системе образования в этнических федерациях: сравнительный анализ

The initial and main thesis of the article is that the teaching and learning of native languages in ethnic federations differs in specifics in comparison with other federations and unitary states. Comparing the experience of a number of ethnic federations in the field of education seems relevant for all multinational and multilingual states. The article consists of three parts. The first one deals with the problem of the division of powers in the management of teaching of native languages in the education system between the federal center and subjects of a federation. There is a difference in the implementation of these powers in multinational ethnic federations with a dominant national language and federations where there is no single official national language, and the sphere of education, including teaching of native languages, falls within the competence of the subjects of a federation. The author argues that the most optimal model of the division of powers in the field of language policy in the education system consists in consolidation of the basic provisions and principles at the federal level and transfer of issues of operational management of education and the functioning of educational institutions to the regional level, taking into account the elements of autonomy of the subjects of a certain federation. The second part discusses the problem of the voluntary choice of language in the education process or the non-alternative legislative designation of the language of teaching and learning. Generalization of the experience of a number of ethnic federations leads to the conclusion that in these states teaching of both national official language and official language of a subject of a federation, as well as the native language, as a rule, is not established on the basis of a free choice of parents or students, but is in fact mandatory. The third part is devoted to comparing the experience of both ethnic multinational and bi-ethnic federations in the face of conflict-causing factors that hinder the study of native languages. Rarely do ethnic federations avoid disputes over the use of dominant and non-dominant languages in teaching and learning, and there has been a number of extremely contradictory or even conflict situations. One of the reasons is that it is not always possible to develop an optimal model of the distribution of powers between the federal center and subjects of a federation in the system of education in the field of language policy, while all countries possess institutional mechanisms that can prevent the existing contradictions from escalating into conflicts on ethno-linguistic grounds. In conclusion, the author attempts to identify common features that characterize the teaching and learning of native languages in ethnic federations.

Ta’dib (Penanaman Adab) di Pesantren

Education is an activity carried out to develop the abilities of students and the cultivation of civilization for students. Pesantren is one of the educational institutions that is the choice of parents with the rampant cases of crisis outside, pesantren are educational institutions where students in the learning process do not commute but live in Islamic boarding schools. Pesantren will provide facilities in the form of dormitories and other needs, in Pesantren learn religious knowledge, memorize the Qur'an, and instill adab to students (santri). The research method carried out is using qualitative research methods with a literature model. The stages in analyzing data are doing it by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Researchers reduce the educational literature and then present it systematically. The final stage is to draw conclusions from critical analysis. There are very important things to be instilled in students, but in fact not only students but all humans. Because with good civility, it reflects good morals as well. The purpose of the study is to find out the meaning of ta'dib (adab planting) and to find out the process of ta'dib (adab planting) in Islamic boarding schools. Ta'dib is to instill and implement adab through the educational order, the implementation of which requires discipline, as well as punishment that leads to warnings that make humans have civilization in studying or in social life. The process of ta'dib actually starts from the family, while from pesantren several methods are carried out, namely 1) the hiwar method, 2) the uswah method, 3) the riyadhah method, 4) the qishah (story) method, 5) the ibrah or mau'idzah method, 6) the targhib and tarhib methods, 7) the proverbs method. Adab planting in Islamic boarding schools cannot be done instantly or quickly, but requires a long time process. Actually, planting adab is done early in the family environment. Planting adab is carried out by several methods. And its implementation is not only for students but for the entire pesantren community.

The mRNA-lncRNA landscape of multiple tissues uncovers key regulators and molecular pathways that underlie heterosis for feed intake and efficiency in laying chickens

BackgroundHeterosis is routinely exploited to improve animal performance. However, heterosis and its underlying molecular mechanism for feed intake and efficiency have been rarely explored in chickens. Feed efficiency continues to be an important breeding goal trait since feed accounts for 60 to 70% of the total production costs in poultry. Here, we profiled the mRNA-lncRNA landscape of 96 samples of the hypothalamus, liver and duodenum mucosa from White Leghorn (WL), Beijing-You chicken (YY), and their reciprocal crosses (WY and YW) to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis.ResultsWe observed negative heterosis for both feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in YW during the laying period from 43 to 46 weeks of age. Analysis of the global expression pattern showed that non-additivity was a major component of the inheritance of gene expression in the three tissues for YW but not for WY. The YW-specific non-additively expressed genes (YWG) and lncRNA (YWL) dominated the total number of non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA in the hypothalamus and duodenum mucosa. Enrichment analysis of YWG showed that mitochondria components and oxidation phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways were shared among the three tissues. The OXPHOS pathway was enriched by target genes for YWL with non-additive inheritance of expression in the liver and duodenum mucosa. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed divergent co-expression modules associated with feed intake and RFI in the three tissues from WL, YW, and YY. Among the negatively related modules, the OXPHOS pathway was enriched by hub genes in the three tissues, which supports the critical role of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, protein quantification of ATP5I was highly consistent with ATP5I expression in the liver, which suggests that, in crossbred YW, non-additive gene expression is down-regulated and decreases ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in negative heterosis for feed intake and efficiency.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, liver, and duodenum mucosa are key regulators of the negative heterosis for feed intake and RFI in layer chickens. These findings should facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens.

Ушинский и русская школа: недоказанная аксиома или нерешённая проблема

Ushinsky's creative legacy on the content of upbringing and teaching children in a Russian comprehensive school is considered in the article as a methodological tool for researching and evaluating the state of modern Russian schools, historical and spiritual and moral education, teaching Orthodox culture. The "Ushinsky axiom" is formulated: a folk school should give children knowledge about their homeland and religion, the spiritual and moral culture of their people as the first and necessary knowledge. The article provides a brief overview of the development of the situation with the teaching of Orthodox culture in the last decade, after the principal decision to restore the possibility of religious (confessional) spiritual and moral education according to the choice of parents of students in the Russian school in 2009, to the present. Based on the work of Ushinsky, in solving the problem of adequate study of history and culture of Russia and the traditional spiritual culture of the people by schoolchildren, the main acting factors are highlighted. The main positive factor in solving the problem is the educational demand of society, citizens for the study of traditional spiritual and moral culture by their children at school, the parameters and quality of this request. The negative factor of counteraction to the solution of the problem is formed in society, in the educational system on the basis of indifference or negative attitude, primarily to religion, traditional spiritual culture of the Russian and other peoples of Russia. The conclusion is substantiated that any reform of the school, general education should provide for the full study of the history and culture of Russia by schoolchildren, historical education, guarantees for the study of the traditional spiritual culture of the peoples of Russia at the choice of their families, parents at all levels of general education.

Comparative study between phenotypic and genomic analyses aimed at choosing parents for hybridization purposes

The development of superior cultivars involves parents with superiority for the traits of interest and wide genetic variability. Efficient plant breeding and selection strategies that allow for the identification of superior genotypes are essential in breeding programs. This work aims to carry out a comparative study between several strategies for choosing parents, for hybridization purposes, based on phenotypic analysis and molecular information. To obtain the phenotypic and genotypic information of the parents, data simulation was used. For genotyping, 2000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used, and from all possible gametes to be formed (22000), 5000 were randomly sampled to form each of the 100 individuals of the population of recombinant inbred strains. To obtain the phenotypic information, five characteristics with different levels of complexity were simulated. The comparative study was carried out using data referring to simulated genotypic values of hybrids and parents. Then, aiming to choose the parents destined for hybridization, different traditional selection strategies based on phenotypic analysis and the genome-wide selection methodology were approached. The genomic information resulted in the choice of the best lines and in obtaining superior hybrids when compared with traditional methodologies. The inclusion of the genomic genetic values of the parents in determining the crosses to be carried out increases the probability of generating phenotypically superior hybrids. Thus, the traditional methods of choosing parents for hybridization purposes are effective, but when incorporating the information from genome-wide selection, the choice of parents provides superior and promising results.

Genetic Studies on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Pole Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Lower Pulney Hills of Western Ghats

Background: In any crop improvement, hybridization among selected/chosen parents is the first foremost important step. Diversity among the genotypes is the basis for choice of parents. It requires knowledge on genetic nature of traits and such information will allow plant breeders to predict the response to selection in breeding programmes. Pole bean, a self pollinated crop, is morphologically diversity is high with distinguishable qualitative and variable quantitative traits. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thadiyankudisai with 31 pole beans genotypes which were evaluated for nine characters. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. Result: Analysis of variance revealed the significant difference among genotypes for all the studied characters. Per se performance of the 31 genotypes showed that the genotype Pallathuvaikal local performed as the best genotype for number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare. The traits pod length, pod girth, number of pods per plant, pod weight and yield per plant had exhibited high to medium PCV and GCV. The results of heritability and genetic advance showed that the traits pod length, number of pods per plant, pod weight, yield per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare had exhibited high degree of heritability and genetic advance.

Meaning of “Taboo Association” in Bugis Community of Tanah Pilih Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra

This study examines the importance of taboo meaning in the Bugis community in Tanah Pilih Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to describe the importance of the meaning of taboo associations in the Bugis community of Tanah Pilih Village, Banyuasin Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, ethnographic approach. Data was collected from six informants. Data collection techniques used include interviews, observation, recording, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The subjects of this study were individuals who had a deep understanding of taboos in the village of Tanah Pilih. The results of the study revealed fifteen taboo association meanings. Of the six informants, five members of the spark plug community still believed in and adhered to the taboos, while one informant did not believe in the taboos. Taboos are meant to be associated with the goal of educating children, ensuring that their behavior and attitudes remain appropriate, and promoting the ethical values ​​of respect and decency. Tabu is the first choice of Bugis parents to proactively combat the negative effects of globalization on their children.

Uncovering the Key Elements and Supporting Factors of Tahfiz Houses in Shaping the Spiritual Education of the Younger Generation in Indonesia

Tahfiz houses have become the choice of parents for their children's education, while spiritual education for children has become a challenge for urban families due to the busy schedules of their parents. The presence of tahfiz houses is one solution to this challenge. This study aims to uncover the key elements and supports of tahfiz houses in shaping the spiritual education of young people in Indonesia. This research uses a case study approach, which emphasizes in-depth analysis of specific cases with the aim of finding specific aspects of tahfiz programs. The research findings indicate that the presence of An-Nur tahfiz house has brought spiritual education to children through a trilogy of education programs: Night of Building Faith and Piety (MABIT), Quranic camp living, preserving Islamic traditions, shalawat, creativity, and the role model of Mudabbir-Mudabbirah. This program has instilled a sense of consistency in performing night prayers, morning prayers, fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, reading good readings, eating and drinking in accordance with religious teachings, and a love for the Quran. Not only does it foster spiritual attitudes, but it also nurtures social cohesion. These findings suggest that the integration between tahfiz programs and worship practices with consistent and sustained spiritual education has resulted in children's spiritual development

Factors associated with parental self-medication for common childhood illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single centre study

Background & Objective: People's interest regarding self-medication increased during the first half of 2020, when the COVID-19 was proclaimed a pandemic, although it has always persisted due to multiple factors. We aimed to identify the factors associated with the use of parental self-medication for their child’s illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the pediatrics department at Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. We included 275 parents visiting the outpatient clinics with their children of ages 1 to 12 y. Chi-square test of independence was used to check the association of self-medication with studied factors. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
 Results: Out of 275 parents, 85% were practicing self-medication. 60.3% children suffered from some illness. Parents sought medical advice from pharmacists in 65% of cases, and allopathic drugs were preferred in 64% of cases. 70% of the patients used medicine until recovered, while 41.9% had to seek medical advice. Frequent symptoms obsereved and treated with self-medication were headaches 19.2% and fever 18.8%.
 Conclusion: Parental self-medication for common childhood illnesses was substantially more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Allopathic medicines were preferred choice of parents while pharmacists were commonly consulted for information regarding drugs.
 Abbreviations: OTC: Over-the-counter;
 Key words: Self-medication; Side effects; Pharmacists: Medications; Antipyretics
 Citation: Saeed F, Bham SQ, Mohammed Iqbal M, Sharif UHA. Factors associated with parental self-medication for common childhood illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single centre study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):405−412.
 DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3.2097
 Received: December 26, 2022; Reviewed: January 15, 2023; Accepted: April 13, 2023

Application of Spatial Analysis to Eliminating Radicalism in Madrasah Schools

The attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2011 in New York, United States caused madrasas to be considered Islamic schools that gave birth to a radical generation. Madrasas' efforts to improve this negative image by improving the quality of education, especially 10 years after the incident, have succeeded in making Madrasas the schools of choice for students in Indonesia. This study focuses on analyzing the rise of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the city of Pekanbaru, especially on students' mastery of knowledge for the last 4 years (2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019) by means of spatial analysis. The progress of science in Madrasas can be seen from the mapping of the value of knowledge, especially in the downtown area which is complete with various facilities and activity centers in Pekanbaru. The performance of some madrasas is almost the same as SMA in terms of mastery of knowledge. This study leads to an important analysis that the Pekanbaru madrasa as a Muslim-majority city has succeeded in making madrasas the main choice of parents to equip their children with religious and scientific education, which indirectly proves that madrasas do not provide space for the formation of radical Islamic generations, on the contrary. Madrasas have succeeded in forming a generation of Muslims who have good religious and scientific knowledge

Dialogical interaction between family and school: The content aspect

Introduction. The development of modern education is connected with the convergence of social institutions of family and school, involvement of parents in the educational process, and realization of the role and importance of education by parents. The harmonisation of family and school relations is possible if the development of educational relations is based on the principle of dialogue aimed at bringing together the interests of the subjects of education, elaboration of a unified educational strategy and identification of the common values and goals of education. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss a number of issues and problems that require promotion of dialogue between teachers and parents.Aim. The aim of this research is to determine the content of dialogical interaction between teachers and parents in the modern socio-cultural environment of the educational process and the directions of updating the psychological and pedagogical knowledge of parents.Methodology and research methods. To determine the content of the interaction between teachers and parents, the authors used theoretical provisions of philosophical anthropology about the essence of dialogue: the intention of dialogue, the «encounter» views in the process of dialogue and the openness of dialogue. An existential approach was applied to determine the value-semantic foundations of the co-existence of family and school.Results. This study has revealed educational needs of parents that consist in the promotion of dialogue with teachers on the problems of education and upbringing, relations between students in class and between students and teachers. It has also identified the problems of creation of conditions that improve moral and psychological well-being of a child at school, as well as the issues of a child’s development and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Parents view interaction with teachers as coordination of pedagogical attitudes, values and goals of education. The survey reveals the priorities of parents connected with the necessity of perception and comprehension of values and meanings of their own upbringing methods, and the need for enrichment of their psychological and pedagogical background with axiological and practice-focused components.Scientific novelty. The interaction of family and school is analysed in the context of dialogue between parents and teachers, who are subjects of educational relations. The educational choice of parents is connected with the assessment of the meaning of their own upbringing methods via the dialogue with teachers. The authors found that dialogue is a way of subjects’ interaction, which is characterized by mutuality due to their co-existence, incompleteness and openness and preservation of the dialogical nature in the process of interaction. Dialogical interaction between teachers and parents contributes to the development of the common existential educational values – love, freedom and responsibility, and collegiality.Practical significance. The results of the present study can be used by teachers to build a dialogical interaction between family and school. The content of the interaction between the family and the school will allow teachers to plan the topics of consultations, parent conferences, meetings and other forms of interaction.

Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection.

Apple breeding is a laborious and long-lasting process that requires qualified resources, land, time, and funds. In this study, more than 5000 F1 apple hybrids from direct and testcrosses were analyzed. The results revealed how the phenotypic expression of the main quantitative traits of interest assessed in five half-sib families was controlled by the additive genetic effects and by non-additive effects of dominance and epistasis. The statistical number of hybrids required to ensure efficient selection increased exponentially with the number of desirable traits. The minimum number of progenies required to obtain a hybrid with associated quantitative traits of agronomic interest was highly variable. For two independent traits essential in selection (fruit size and quality), but incorporated together in the same hybrid, the statistical number was between about 30 and 300. If three more cumulative traits were added (a large number of fruits per tree, resistance/tolerance to apple scab, and powdery mildew attack), the limits increased to between 1500 and 18,000. The study highlighted the need for new apple varieties due to the narrowing of the genetic diversity of the cultivated species and how the choice of parents used in hybridizations (as well as the objectives pursued in the selection) can increase the efficiency of apple breeding.

Yuan Longping, a great world hunger fighter

Yuan Longping, a great world hunger fighter

Parental Involvement and School Choice in Hungarian Primary Schools

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the features of school choice by comparing parental involvement between denominational and public schools. In Hungary, denominational schools reemerged after the fall of communism in 1989, and their share increased further after 2010. The survey data, we employ, refer to primary school children’s parents and were focused on parental involvement at home and at school. Our hypothesis is based on the work of Epstein and Coleman and suggests a prominent role for denominational schools in parental involvement. However, our results show that Hungarian denominational schools differ in terms of parental involvement and school choice from what theory or practice in other western countries suggests. School choice of Hungarian parents is primarily driven by the intention to ensure a more culturally and economically homogeneous and safer environment for their children. Parental involvement tends to be stronger at home and at school due to higher parental religiosity, regardless of the school sector. The novelty of our findings is, that opposite to the literature, mostly not the school type but parents’ religiosity increase both the home based and the school based parental involvement.

Motivasi Orang Tua Menyekolahkan Anak di SMP IT Darul Muta'allimin Meulaboh

The study in this thesis research departs from efforts to see how the motivation and interest of parents of students in sending their children to SMP-IT Darul Muta'allimin, Meulaboh. Parents have a big role in determining the direction of their children's education, including in selecting schools for their children. This thesis is entitled Motivation of Parents to Send Their Children to SMP IT Darul Mutallimin, Meulaboh. (1) To find out why SMP IT Darul Muta'allimin is the choice of parents in sending their children to school (2) To find out what are the motivations of parents in sending their children to SMP IT Darul Muta'allimin. Data collection in this study was carried out using a qualitative method approach, in which researchers began to get involved from observing the motivation of parents to send their children to SMP IT Darul Mutallimin, conducting in-depth interviews with parents who had been selected as samples in this study, documenting several pictures. which are considered important as research data, to the data analysis process which is carried out by sorting and selecting data that is considered to have a relationship with the theme of this thesis. The results of the study show that among the motivations of parents of students to send their children to the Darul Mutallimin Islamic Boarding School, it is due to several factors, including because the trend of sending their children to Islamic boarding schools has become a trend and parents choose education that is combined with religious values ​​as a solution to social change. In addition, graduates of integrated Islamic boarding schools are considered to have additional skills, and are more independent for children to live their lives after they have completed their education there.

Morphological Characterization of Guava Genotypes Based on Leaf and Fruit Parameters under Mid-hill Conditions of Nepal

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) popularly known as poor man's apple is one of the common fruit crops cultivated in terai, inner terai and hilly areas of Nepal. There are numerous genotypes available within the country but absence of their proper characterization is impeding guava improvement program The present study was carried out with six guava genotypes (Apple guava, Bangalore, pear shaped, KG-1, Illam Selection and Bari) to investigate morphological characters viz leaf qualitative and fruit qualitative and quantitative characters. The single factor experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications at National Horticulture Research Centre farm, Khumaltar in the year 2019 and 2020 Four plants of each genotypes were studied which were planted in the year 2015. Four mature leaves and fruits were randomly collected for qualitative characterization and all marketable fruits were collected for the study under mid hill conditions. Among them Apple Guava and KG-1 were found promising due to its attractive fruit shape and size as well as preferable taste and aroma. While observing the fruit qualitative characters maximum fruit length was found in Pear Shaped (71.1 mm) and the minimum was found in Bari (50.2 mm). Similarly, the highest individual fruit weight was observed in Apple Guava (229.5 gm) and the lowest fruit weight was in Illam Selection (59.4 gm). Analysis of variance for different characters showed a high degree of variation among the genotypes. The variability in morphological characters generated valuable information which could be used for a choice of parents for guava breeding programs in the future.

Effect of Direct Costs of Education on Students’ Transition Rate in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Kenya

Educational resources and facilities cost money. The government and families mostly cover these expenditures. Kenya has spent considerably in education to improve access and participation. Despite these attempts, many students enroll in secondary school in form one, but the numbers drop as they advance to form four. Some are unsuccessful in the four-year course. The study's main goal was to determine the effect of direct educational costs on the transition rates of students in public boarding secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. This research employed a Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Design. 34 principals and 3,917 parents were targeted. The sample includes all the 34 principals and 362 parents purposively and Yamane's Simplified formula-selected respectively. Proportional random sampling aided in the choice of parents. Interviews, questionnaires, and archive content analysis collected data. Thematic analysis helped interpret qualitative data while inferential and descriptive statistics interpreted quantitative data. The findings indicated that, in public boarding secondary schools, student transition is highly connected with direct educational expenses. Direct educational expenditures predict public boarding secondary school students’ grade to grade transition rate. They explain 81.8% of the variation with repairs, maintenance and improvement cost accounting for the highest (34.7%) and school meals was responsible for 0.1% of the variance. The study concluded that, direct costs of education affect students’ grade to grade transition. It recommends the government to: review and increase student capitation so as to cover boarding expenses, diversify funding sources to fully cushion the needy students and fully fund school projects and programmes in order to relieve parents/guardians of the cost burden and thus increase student participation in Public Boarding Secondary schools. Keywords: Direct costs of education, Boarding Expenses, Board of Management Salaries and Motivation Fees, Public Boarding secondary Schools, Student Capitation, Students’ Transition Rates

Research on Intergenerational Transmission of Post-95s Generation’s View of Marriage from The Perspective of Locus of Control

In today's social background, people are always willing to pursue a better material life. In choice of marriage, parents and children have different ideas and standards in choosing a spouse, which would lead to parents' intervention in the choice of children's spouse. This paper analyzes and demonstrates the current situation of marriage and love among Chinese youth. It first introduces several ways to find a partner in China and expresses Chinese parents' views on mate selection through literature. By means of interviews with young people in marriageable age and their parents and literature analysis, this paper discusses and demonstrates the dominant role of parents in their children's choice of spouses, and puts forward suggestions on how to properly deal with the problem of parental intervention in the process of marriage.