Ушинский и русская школа: недоказанная аксиома или нерешённая проблема

Abstract

Ushinsky's creative legacy on the content of upbringing and teaching children in a Russian comprehensive school is considered in the article as a methodological tool for researching and evaluating the state of modern Russian schools, historical and spiritual and moral education, teaching Orthodox culture. The "Ushinsky axiom" is formulated: a folk school should give children knowledge about their homeland and religion, the spiritual and moral culture of their people as the first and necessary knowledge. The article provides a brief overview of the development of the situation with the teaching of Orthodox culture in the last decade, after the principal decision to restore the possibility of religious (confessional) spiritual and moral education according to the choice of parents of students in the Russian school in 2009, to the present. Based on the work of Ushinsky, in solving the problem of adequate study of history and culture of Russia and the traditional spiritual culture of the people by schoolchildren, the main acting factors are highlighted. The main positive factor in solving the problem is the educational demand of society, citizens for the study of traditional spiritual and moral culture by their children at school, the parameters and quality of this request. The negative factor of counteraction to the solution of the problem is formed in society, in the educational system on the basis of indifference or negative attitude, primarily to religion, traditional spiritual culture of the Russian and other peoples of Russia. The conclusion is substantiated that any reform of the school, general education should provide for the full study of the history and culture of Russia by schoolchildren, historical education, guarantees for the study of the traditional spiritual culture of the peoples of Russia at the choice of their families, parents at all levels of general education.