Choice Of Examples Research Articles

Intertextual Dynamics within the Literary Group—Joyce, Lewis, Pound and Eliot: The Men of 1914 , and: The Aristocracy of Art in Joyce and Wolfe , and: James Joyce: Interviews and Recollections (review)

Reviewed by: Intertextual Dynamics within the Literary Group—Joyce, Lewis, Pound and Eliot: The Men of 1914, and: The Aristocracy of Art in Joyce and Wolfe, and: James Joyce: Interviews and Recollections Scott W. Klein Dennis Brown . Intertextual Dynamics within the Literary Group—Joyce, Lewis, Pound and Eliot: The Men of 1914. New York: St. Martin's P, 1991. 237 pp. $45.00. Margaret Mills Harper . The Aristocracy of Art in Joyce and Wolfe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1990. 186 pp. $27.50. E. H. Mikhail , ed. James Joyce: Interviews and Recollections. New York: St. Martin's P, 1990. 234 pp. $39.95. The volumes at hand deal with James Joyce among literary and biographical others, approaching his work and life within disparate contexts. Dennis Brown's Intertextual Dynamics within the Literary Group—Joyce, Lewis, Pound and Eliot: The Men of 1914, once past the unwieldy title, attempts to reinterpret English literary modernism [End Page 517] as a kind of "intertextual group-game" in which the works of the titular players inspired and influenced one another in a kind of massive historical and literary cross-pollination. Brown's major innovation here is to consider Wyndham Lewis the central figure in modernism's early development. He rightly sees Lewis in his roles as literary ringleader and novelist as a kind of rival to Joyce, a colleague and antagonist whose relationship to Joyce in prose mirrors Pound's to Eliot in poetry. Brown reads the history of modernism as a series of power shifts between the principal players, nominating Lewis, Pound, and then Joyce as the prime stylistic and literary-political movers from the 1910s to subsequent decades. He places the birth of modern literature in fine historic context in the early chapters, emphasizing the late Victorian roots of his innovative subjects and the importance of scientific models to their proclamations of artistic experimentation. Throughout Brown brings to light textual reflections among their works, always insisting, as they themselves often did, on Lewis's pivotal role in the artistic life of the times. This search for textual similarities is both the strength and weakness of the book. Brown frequently treats the cross-references as an end to themselves rather than as the springboard for thematic argument. Moreover, while he has an uncanny eye (and ear) for repeated phrases and rhythmic allusions, his claims for influence fail to convince as often as they strike their mark. He often threatens his own efforts by overstating Lewis's stylistic effect on his peers. He counterpoints justly the stylistic innovations of Lewis's Wild Body stories with the relatively conservative Dubliners, and his analysis of echoes in The Waste Land from Lewis's prose experiment Enemy of the Stars is strikingly convincing. On the other hand, his discussion of Enemy's effect on the "Proteus" chapter of Ulysses stretches one's sense of what qualifies as ineluctable evidence, relying upon vaguely similar specimens of adjective-heavy and fragmented syntax to carry the weight of proven influence. At times Brown's choice of examples is also curious. For instance, while searching for traces of Vorticist diction in Eliot he ignores "Hysteria," the odd prose-poem of Eliot's that is closest to the psychomachic expressionism of Lewis's journal Blast. Similarly, Brown's identification of Samuel Beckett's and Lewis's styles is useful and provocative, but he makes the identification too easily, relying upon lists of enticing near-quotations from The Childermass that seem to portend Waiting for Godot rather than upon detailed argument. Brown is most convincing when discussing the early decades of his subjects' work and when probing the allusive presence of Pound, Eliot, and Lewis in Finnegans Wake. Beyond the Wake Brown often strains to establish other than directly biographical allusions. He reads Eliot's later poetry lamentably frequently as personal allegory, finding in the Four Quartets and the four assassins of Murder in the Cathedral veiled figures of the authors themselves, in "Journey of the Magi" an elegy for lost "family" among the artistic fathers who had been present at the "birth of the modern." Indeed, a nostalgia for biography often haunts the book to the exclusion of the textual dynamics...

Oral and Written: Saints, Miracles, and Relics in Brittany, c. 850-1250

Previous articleNext article No AccessOral and Written: Saints, Miracles, and Relics in Brittany, c. 850-1250Julia M. H. SmithJulia M. H. Smith Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 65, Number 2Apr., 1990 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2864295 Views: 47Total views on this site Citations: 18Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 Medieval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:SARAH HAMILTON LITURGY AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF THE EXETER MARTYROLOGY, Traditio 74 (Nov 2019): 179–222.https://doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.11Kelly Gibson The Carolingian World through Hagiography, History Compass 13, no.1212 (Dec 2015): 630–645.https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12287 The style and science of persuasion, (Apr 2014): 88–139.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107279605.004 Bibliographie, (Jan 2014): 847–859.https://doi.org/10.3917/perri.minoi.2014.01.0847Stephen Mark Holmes The relics of St Merolilanus and Scotland, The Scottish Historical Review 91, no.11 (Apr 2012): 150–158.https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2012.0075Andrew Evans The Levitating Altar of Saint Illtud, Folklore 122, no.11 (Apr 2011): 55–75.https://doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.2011.538569Amy K. Bosworth Learning from the Saints: Ninth-Century Hagiography and the Carolingian Renaissance, History Compass 8, no.99 (Sep 2010): 1055–1066.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00714.xHilary Powell “Once Upon a Time There Was a Saint …”: Re-evaluating Folklore in Anglo-Latin Hagiography, Folklore 121, no.22 (Aug 2010): 171–189.https://doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.2010.481149Thomas F. X. Noble, Julia M. H. Smith The Cambridge History of Christianity, (Mar 2010).https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521817752ALEXANDRA WALSHAM THE REFORMATION AND ‘THE DISENCHANTMENT OF THE WORLD’ REASSESSED, The Historical Journal 51, no.22 (Jun 2008): 497–528.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X08006808Huw Pryce Wales: Religion and Piety, (Dec 2007): 411–429.https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470998786.ch21Tomás Ó Carragáin Regional Variation in Irish Pre-Romanesque Architecture, The Antiquaries Journal 85 (Apr 2011): 23–56.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500074369Leidulf Melve Literacy --Aurality --Orality A Survey of Recent Research into the Orality/Literacy Complex of the Latin Middle Ages (600-1500), Symbolae Osloenses 78, no.11 (Jan 2003): 143–197.https://doi.org/10.1080/00397670310000383David C Harvey Constructed Landscapes and Social Memory: Tales of St Samson in Early Medieval Cornwall, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, no.22 (Nov 2016): 231–248.https://doi.org/10.1177/026377580202000201 Huw Pryce Lawbooks and Literacy in Medieval Wales, Speculum 75, no.11 (Oct 2015): 29–67.https://doi.org/10.2307/2887424John A. F. Thomson St Eiluned of Brecon and her Cult, Studies in Church History 30 (Mar 2016): 117–125.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0424208400011657 BOOK REVIEWS, The Heythrop Journal 34, no.11 (Jan 1993): 70–122.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.1993.tb00906.xBrian Murdoch Walter Berschin, Biographie und Epochenstil im lateinischen Mittelalter. Bd. II: Merowingische Biographie. Italien, Spanien und die Inseln im frühen Mittelalter., Arbitrium 10, no.11 (Jan 1992).https://doi.org/10.1515/arbi.1992.10.1.24

The Subversive Tradition in French Literature, Volume I:1721-1870 (review)

REVIEWS 273 Leo Weinstein. The Subversive Tradition in French Literature, Volume 1: 1721-1870. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1989 (Twayne World Authors Series), xvi + 199pp. US$24.95. This study is the first of two volumes examining "opposition or protest literature during the 250 years between 1721 and 1971." In the introduction, entitled "L'Art de Rouspéter," the author traces the history of "criticism or ridicule of the authorities" in French literature since the Middle Ages, explains his method, and justifies his choice of examples. The works selected for analysis "attack specific conditions or acts rather than general vices," but have enough literary merit to transcend the unimportance for posterity of some of the issues they treat. In the eight chapters, each of which covers a period of fifteen to twenty-five years, the author first surveys the "eventful and changing patterns of French life seen through the eyes of the literary opposition" (p. xi) and offers a briefchronology of historical and literary events. In his lively accounts he does not hesitate to use modem parallels (Crébillon's Tanzaï is "a Japanese Joe McCarthy" [p. 30]), colloquial expressions (Pangloss "comes off on the short end" [p. 46]), and advertisers ' grammar ("like" is used for "as," even in translations of Chénier [p. 93]). Historical errors are few—the duc de Bourbon was never regent (p. 7); before 1790 there were far more than thirty-five editions of La Nouvelle Héloïse (p. 25); and Helvétius was not a contributor to the Encyclopédie (p. 38). He then analyses one or two literary works for each period surveyed. For the years 1721-1813 (chapters 1-5) these are Montesquieu, Lettres persanes; Crébillon fils, L'Écumoire; Voltaire, Candide; Beaumarchais, Le Mariage de Figaro; Chénier, ïambes; Mme de Staël, Delphine and Corinne; and Béranger, Le Roi d'Yvetot. Liberal quotations from these works are given, all translated "for better or for worse" by the author. The translation of Chénier's "Que la Nuit de leurs noms embelisse [sic] ses voiles" as "Let Night emboss their names in its veil" (p. 92) could certainly be bettered, while the misquoting of Voltaire's "Nos prêtres ne sont point [this word is omitted by Weinstein] ce qu'un vain peuple pense" leads to a mistranslation: "Our priests are only what unsuspecting people think" (p. 41). Portraits of the authors treated are included, not always with the name of the artist. Readers will have to wait for the conclusion which will appear at the end of volume 2. The four-page bibliography of secondary sources lists no book on the novel published in the last ten years. The back of the jacket has laudatory previews of the book by Jules Brody, René Girard, Henri Mitterand, JeanFran çois Revel, and Michel Serres, the last declaring it "an excellent arbiter of the everlasting dispute between the conservatives and the subversives in France." This book seems intended not for literary theorists but for the general reader. D.W. Smith University of Toronto ...

The epidemiologic necropsy

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The July 17, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>contained an article by Kircher and Anderson¹concerning the proper completion of the death certificate. The dissemination of this information is long overdue and the authors are to be commended. However, their choice of examples to illustrate accurate death certification in trauma victims would have been more causally specific if the authors had not included "automobile accident" and "slipped and fell in bathtub" in the cause of death section. In our view, the authors have mixed etiology and manner of death with the cause of death, which should reflect either a disease or injury. This could have been avoided with a more appropriate choice of proximate cause. The appropriate proximate cause in both of these instances is "blunt impact" or "blunt force" to the specified body area. The authors listed "automobile accident" and "slipped and fell in bathtub" as the

Cause of Death

To the Editor.— The July 17, 1987, issue of JAMA contained an article by Kircher and Anderson 1 concerning the proper completion of the death certificate. The dissemination of this information is long overdue and the authors are to be commended. However, their choice of examples to illustrate accurate death certification in trauma victims would have been more causally specific if the authors had not included automobile accident and slipped and fell in bathtub in the cause of death section. In our view, the authors have mixed etiology and manner of death with the cause of death, which should reflect either a disease or injury. This could have been avoided with a more appropriate choice of proximate cause. The appropriate proximate cause in both of these instances is blunt impact or blunt force to the specified body area. The authors listed automobile accident and slipped and fell in bathtub as the

What Revisions Does Bootstrap Testing Need?

Clark Glymour (1980) defined bootstrap-confirmation as a three-place relation: “Evidence E bootstrap confirms hypothesis H with respect to theory T.“ By an ingenious choice of examples, David Christensen (1983) has shown that Glymour's definition is satisfied in a class of cases in which confirmation seems to be highly counterintuitive. Responding to Christensen's criticism, Glymour (1983) revised his 1980 definition of bootstrap confirmation, by introducing an additional condition that rules out Christensen's counterexamples.

Static and Dynamic Formulation of a Symmetrically Laminated Beam Finite Element for a Microcomputer

A formulation, an efficient solution procedure, a microcomputer program, and a graphics routine for an anisotropic symmetrically laminated beam finite element in cluding the effect of shear deformation is introduced. The emphasis of the formulation and solution procedure is for simplicity, efficiency, and easy implementation on microcomputers. The element possesses six d.o.f.'s at each of the two nodes: trans verse deflection and slope due to bending and shear, respectively, and a twisting angle and its derivative with respect to the beam axis. The formulation, solution procedure, and the program have been evaluated by performing a systematic choice of examples; whenever possible, the present solutions are compared with alternative existing solu tions.

A curved quadrilateral element for static analysis of shells with geometric and material nonlinearities

AbstractA 48 degrees‐of‐freedom quadrilateral element, including the effect of both material and geometric nonlinearities, is formulated and appropriate numerical procedures are adopted for the development of a systematic and efficient approach for the static nonlinear analysis of general shell structures. The element surface is described by a variable‐order polynomial in curvilinear co‐ordinates. The displacement functions are described by bicubic Hermitian polynomials in curvilinear co‐ordinates. Without being confined to the assumption of axisymmetry, this formulation allows for the treatment of shells with a more general shape and with a complex spread of plastic zones. In the formulation for geometric nonlinearity, the total Lagrangian approach is adopted. Only small strains and small rotations are allowed. In the formulation for plastic deformation, the concept of a layered element model is used. In the inelastic range, the material is assumed to obey the Von Mises yield criterion and the Prandtl–Reuss flow rule. A tangential stiffness formulation is combined with the modified Newton–Raphson iteration method for the solution of nonlinear problems. A systematic choice of examples ranging from fiat plates to cylindrical panels and to spherical caps is solved and compared with available solutions to evaluate the recommended formulations and procedures in terms of their accuracy and efficiency.

Unfair to Waiters?

An answer to a recent Final Examination paper contained the remark that bad faith was particularly prevalent amongst waiters. I took this to be a joke, the better for being made under the stressful conditions of an examination. However, in his 'Bad Faith and Sartre's Waiter' (Philosophy January i98i) D. Z. Phillips seems to be claiming that Sartre did think that waiters were especially liable to that problem, and that this constituted some kind of attack on waiters. At least he concludes by referring to the 'one ultimate right' which waiters possess, that to refuse to serve a customer, and suggests that they should refuse to serve Sartre and those who think like him (p. 3 '). It looks as if Phillips believes that what is at issue in the passage in Being and Nothingness is a criticism, if not of certain people, then of certain jobs which are 'not a worthy task for human beings' (p. 27), and he explores reasons that could be given for saying this. He does not claim these are Sartre's reasons for his 'attack', though he suspects 'that something akin to these reasons may lie behind his choice of examples' (p. 27). Among his justifications for this suspicion there is a quotation from a book of mine (p. 26). I want to argue that the article misses the point of what Sartre says in this passage, and that, in so far as what I said makes it look as if I should agree with Phillips, then I too was wrong in what I wrote. For I would now like to claim that the choice of a waiter as an example was accidental; Sartre could have used a representative of many other jobs or professions. There are, perhaps, historical reasons why he chose the one he did; we know he wrote many of his works in caf6s, and perhaps glanced up at a waiter when he was looking for an instance. He might have taken a professor to illustrate a particular kind of bad faith; with a few changes, Sartre's passage could be re-written to describe a professor, for we have all encountered professors whose conduct at Senate and in the lecture-room could be described as 'playing at being a professor'. I will not attempt the necessary re-writing, but leave it to readers as an exercise. Such a man could be said to be playing his role in order to realize it. He makes remarks like 'As a professor of this university, I must . . .' He is trying to make himself into a thing, a professor-in-itself, in order that he can look on his decisions and actions as determined by that role. There is nothing personal in the performance. This could be expressed by saying that he is alienating himself in some way, making himself into something he is not. Of course, the alienation may not be all one way; I have often found

Ecology and Control of Viruses with Soil-Inhabiting Vectors

It is now about 20 years since the resurgence of interest in plant viruses that spread via the soil. Many developments have occurred during this period: Numerous previously known viruses have been shown to infect plants from the soil, new soilborne viruses have been described, much has been learned about the properties of the viruses themselves and, most important, vectors of different kinds have been recognized. As a result, the ecology of soilborne viruses is increasingly studied not only in relation to the biology of the viruses but also in terms of the biology and activity of their vectors; also, control methods are progressing from the empirical to those based on a fuller scientific knowledge of the factors involved. In this article I attempt to bring together the great variety of relevant findings, giving some emphasis to more recent work. I cannot cover the subject exhaustively in the space available, and in some instances my choice of examples is somewhat arbitrary. Further examples and other viewpoints can be found in several reviews on topics that overlap with mine (9, 53, 57, 94, 144, 153).

Approximations to optimal control by means of influential subspaces

Abstract Parameterization of the control function space is an obvious method for approximating a high or infinite dimensional space by a low-order space, the controls being usually expressible as a linear combination of specified functions of time. Many such terms may, however, be necessary for some arbitrary choice of the functions of time, such as orthogonal polynomials. The authors have developed a systematic procedure for synthesizing the functions of time which in fact span a so-called influential subspace of the space of all optimal controls. The motivation was the need for approximations to optimal control which might be computed on-line, hence the choice of examples to compare with available exact methods of computation

Toward a Definition of Conceptual Art

I should like to be clear about what conceptual art is and have found both the presented objects and their associated apologetics more or less confusing. The many kinds of object and process that are offered under this label seem not to sustain any single coherent account of what is distinctively conceptual about them and writings on the topic are mostly in gibberish. A close study of particular cases runs the risk of seeming to beg important questions by the very choice of examples or of provoking unhelpful argument over points of interpretation. I shall, therefore, at some risk of seeming more Aristotelian than Galilean, try to construct a general account of what conceptual art might be. Of course, it is not an essay brought from Mars: the world that it fits, or tries to fit, should seem familiar enough to those who get around among contemporary art and artists. I should like above all to be clear, so that the points on which I am mistaken are in no way obscured and attention may be drawn to them as clearly in subsequent discussion. The first thing that must be said is that no single use of the phrase conceptual art has secured defacto general acceptance. I have distinguished four principal senses that are different enough to warrant separate mention, although they are certainly not distinct in all respects but, on the contrary, interestingly connected.

Old British ballads in Ireland

AbstractThis article is concerned with the European ballad genre as defined in practice in the English and Scottish field by F. J. Child, and I shall use the term ‘old’ balladry to refer strictly to that genre. My purpose is firstly to consider in general how and to what extent Ireland has absorbed, diffused and preserved old English and Scottish ballads, and secondly to present particular unpublished ballad versions recorded by me from the tradition of the North-West counties Donegal and Derry during the years 1968 and 1969 My choice of examples has been governed by intrinsic merit as well as illustrative value, not by mere length. Length is no guarantee of poetic merit in ballads; even so, some of these texts are both strikingly beautiful and unusually long. Long or short, they are the first exclusive collection of old British ballads from Ireland yet to appear.

Arawak Grammatical Categories and Translation

O. The purpose of the following notes is to draw attention to some categories of the Arawak language which give rise to problems when we try, for whatever reason, to translate isolated words of or into this language. I have taken Swadesh's 100-word diagnostic list as a guide to my choice of examples, but do not hesitate to go outside it where this seems useful. The phoneme inventory employed is as follows: i ([i], [ij), e, a, o ([o], [u], [w]) and i ([i]) are short vowels, ii, ee, aa, oo and ii are long; the consonants are: m, n, b, d, p, t, k, th and kh (aspirated unit phonemes), f (bilabial), s, h, 1 and r. Also nasalized vowels occur, but alternate, stylistically or otherwise, with nasal consonant plus vowel. In other than word-final and (within the word) preconsonantal positions, they are of comparatively rare occurrence; and since no word other than recent loans ends in a consonant, there can be no opposition between forms in Y and those in VnV or VmV. Here they will be indicated by Vn, as in /daithan/ [daj'th1g (, /daithano/ [daj'thano]) I know it and /th6mban/ ['thQb4]

PalÆobotany for Everyman

THIS book is an attempt, and a very successful attempt, to convey to the general reader an idea of the vegetation of the earth in ages long past and the indications it may give of the climates of those times. From a study of their fossil remains so many details are now known about extinct plants that it is no easy task to give a convincing description of what the vegetation was like without becoming involved in highly technical descriptions of many individual plants. The author has shown admirable discrimination in his choice of examples, and gives a clear picture of the kinds of plants which dominated the vegetation at different periods in the past. He has skilfully steered a compromise course between the Scylla of technical jargon and the Charybdis of terminological inexactitude, and the book is written in a very readable and racy style. Ancient Plants and the World they Lived In By Assoc. Prof. Henry N. Andrews Jr. Pp. ix + 279. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing Co., Inc.; London: Constable and Co., Ltd., 1947.) 25s. net.

Mendelism and Evolution

MR. JULIAN HUXLEY'S choice of examples in his reply to Mr. Tate Regan, in NATURE of April 19, was no doubt made before the announcement of Dr. Annandale's death. In the circumstances I may be permitted to indicate the scope of Dr. Annandale's paper (Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 96, pp. 60–76) on evolution in the Viviparidæ, and to show that Mr. Huxley's criticism is not altogether relevant.

An Introduction to the Study of Biological Chemistry

THE author is to be congratulated on a very useful addition to chemical literature. The special feature of the book is a careful choice of examples which are of peculiar interest to students of biological chemistry. The first 178 pages are devoted to a description of general chemical methods, and to a study of the chief groups of organic substances; and, while no attempt has been made to give full details of the properties of the individual compounds, a succinct account has been given of the relationships between the various groups.