Cultivar Choice Research Articles

Registration of ‘S16‐5503GT’ soybean cultivar with high yield, broad adaptation, and glyphosate tolerance

Abstract‘S16‐5503GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐555, PI 700002) is a semi‐determinate, late‐maturity group IV (relative maturity, 4.8), glyphosate‐tolerant, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2021 by the University of Missouri‐Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center (MU‐FDREEC) soybean breeding program. Southern U.S. growers’ preference for high‐yielding, early‐maturing cultivars with glyphosate tolerance and broad disease resistance motivated the development of S16‐5503GT soybean. It was evaluated in a total of 92 environments across 12 U.S. mid‐southern states from 2017 to 2021 for yield and agronomic traits. Across all testing environments, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,258 kg ha−1, which was equivalent to 108% of the non‐Xtend check mean and 102% of the Xtend check mean, ranking in the top 19% overall. In the 2021 Southern State Variety Trials, S16‐5503GT yielded 4,455 kg ha−1 and ranked in the top 43% overall. S16‐5503GT is resistant to soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG type 5.7) and 5 (HG type 2.5.7) and moderately resistant to race 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7). It is also resistant to southern root‐knot nematode, reniform nematode, frogeye leaf spot, charcoal rot, and brown stem rot and is tolerant to extreme salinity conditions. The broad disease resistance package combined with high‐yielding performance and wide adaptability across multiple mid‐southern states make S16‐5503GT an excellent cultivar choice for soybean growers in the southern United States, where late‐maturity group IV varieties are in demand.

POLLEN QUALITY AND SELECTION OF POLLINATORS OF CULTIVARS OF COLUMNAR TYPE APPLE

The apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a flowering tree whose productivity depends on successful cross-pollination. The efficiency of the pollination process significantly affects the quantity and quality of apple fruits. In addition to the basic requirements for fruit set and tree productivity, the presence of different pollen sources (different cultivars of the orchard) has a positive effect on fruit quality parameters. It is possible to make a profit from an apple orchard several years after planting, so the choice of cultivar is very important, because the economic feasibility of growing plants depends on it. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of pollen of columnar apple cultivars and the selection of pollinator cultivar. The research was carried out during 2019–2022 at the V. L. Symyrenko Department of Horticulture of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. According to the results of the research, it was established that in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, the investigated columnar varieties form pollen of medium viability, pollen tubes reach a medium length, insufficient cross-fertility is observed, and the best pollinators for them are universal pollinators, Golden Gem’ and Professor Springer’ cultivars. In general, columnar fruit set is good from free pollination. Several conditions are necessary for satisfactory cross-pollination, namely: flowering of the pollinator cultivar must be simultaneous with the main cultivar; the pollinator cultivar must have pollen of high viability; the location of the pollinator cultivar should be near the fruit-bearing tree; the garden requires the presence of bees and other insects during flowering.

Spotted cucumber beetle/southern corn rootworm: profile of a polyphagous native pest

Abstract Spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a North American native leaf beetle species also known as southern corn rootworm (SCRW), is a polyphagous pest of various crops including cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae), corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine max), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Larvae are below-ground pests of corn, sorghum (Sorghum spp.), peanut, and sweetpotato. Adult damage impacts cucurbits by damage to seedlings and fruit and transmission of bacterial wilt (causal agent Erwinia tracheiphila) by eastern populations. Adult feeding also damages fresh market beans and occasionally leafy and fruiting vegetables. Damage on many other crops such as field soybeans, dry beans, and sorghum, is often cosmetic and/or inconsequential. Adults overwinter in mild climates and spread seasonally northward, with multiple generations and populations increasing into the late summer. Diverse natural enemies attack all stages, but their ecology and impact are poorly known, particularly below ground. A female-produced sex pheromone and floral volatiles are known attractants, and cucurbitacins (bitter phytochemicals) are feeding stimulants, offering potential selective behavioral control. Management practices are directed against pest complexes, including other below- and above-ground pests, depending on the crop. Chemical controls are soil-applied for protection from root-feeding larvae, systemic seed treatments for early-state crop feeding, and broadcast application in fruiting cucurbits and beans. Action thresholds and monitoring are not well developed. Cultural controls include field and cultivar choice, row covers in high-value crops, and available crop resistance. The wide host range, abundance, and mobility of adults make prediction and monitoring challenging.

Changes in Agronomic and Forage Nutritive Values of Red Clover in Response to Different Development Stage

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the second most important cultivated perennial forage legume used as a fodder for livestock. Agronomic and forage quality traits of red clover are dependent on various factors, including optimal phenological stage for cutting in order to obtain forage with high nutritive value and yield. Three different development stages (full budding, beginning of flowering, full flowering) of two red clover genotypes were examined in order to determine changes in agronomic and forage nutritive values. The stage of plant development at the time of cutting significantly affected yields and forage nutritive values of red clover compared to the choice of cultivar. Forage cut at full flowering resulted in the highest values of green mass, dry matter yield and crude protein yield and plant height, however the forage quality with the plant maturation rapidly decreased. The correlations between the investigated traits confirmed a negative relationship between yields and forage nutritive quality.

The financial value of seasonal forecast-based cultivar choice: Assessing the evidence in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Among many other options, seasonal weather forecasts and the use of cultivars that are better adapted to local climate and climate variability have been discussed as two potential supporting measures to assist farmer adaptation to climatic variability and change. In this article, we evaluate the potential benefit of combining these two measures, i.e., choosing specific crop varieties based on seasonal forecasts – focusing on the Central Rift Valley in Ethiopia. We base our value of information analysis on the available records of field trial data for publicly released crop varieties. We find that experimental evidence must be extended and improved in order to provide reliable evidence of yield performance differences between crop varieties, which is an essential prerequisite for exploiting forecast information. Classification of cumulative seasonal rainfall based on the modified Rainfall Anomaly Index provides a sharper distinction than using the standard tercile-based approach employed in the Ethiopian seasonal forecast communication. Even with a fairly optimistic interpretation of the evidence with respect to exploitable yield differences, we find only modest benefits of seasonal forecasts at realistic forecast accuracy for the region. Given the empirical limitations when assembling long-run yield data, the presented results have to be understood as a first approximation. Apart from sufficiently accurate forecasts, success of forecast-based cultivar choice will depend on (i) more reliable evidence on performance differences between crop varieties under different weather conditions, and (ii) changes in the current seed breeding and distribution system in developing countries, because the full potential of high-accuracy seasonal forecast information could only be tapped, if forecast-matching cultivars are being made available to farmers in time.

Climate service driven adaptation may alleviate the impacts of climate change in agriculture

Building a resilient and sustainable agricultural sector requires the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies. By focusing on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) in the Euro-Mediterranean region, we estimate the benefits of adapting through seasonal cultivar-selection supported by an idealised agro-climate service based on seasonal climate forecasts. The cost of inaction in terms of mean yield losses, in 2021–2040, ranges from −7.8% to −5.8% associated with a 7% to 12% increase in interannual variability. Supporting cultivar choices at local scale may alleviate these impacts and even turn them into gains, from 0.4% to 5.3%, as soon as the performance of the agro-climate service increases. However, adaptation advantages on mean yield may come with doubling the estimated increase in the interannual yield variability.

Pollinator cultivar choice: An assessment of season-long pollinator visitation among coreopsis, aster, and salvia cultivars

Documented pollinator declines have encouraged the installation of pollinator plantings in residential, commercial and agricultural settings. Pollinator visitation among cultivars of coreopsis, salvia and asters was compared on 40 dates in a 2-year study resulting in 6,911 pollinator observations across all plant taxa with bees, butterflies and syrphids well-represented. Diversity of insect visitors was represented differently within the broad plant taxa salvia, coreopsis and asters. The most frequent visitors to coreopsis were the small bees with over 77% of visitors falling into this category. Salvia was most frequently visited by honey bees (36.4%) and carpenter bees (24%), although all the groups were represented. Syrphids were the group most commonly observed on asters (58.5%) with nearly 40% of the visitors being bee species. Nectar analysis was performed on salvia cultivars. However, differential attraction of pollinators to salvia cultivars could not be explained by volume of nectar produced per plant. Results from our cultivar comparisons provide data-based information to assist consumers in plant choice and present opportunities for future plant-specific pollinator census initiatives across a broader geographic range.

Effects of climatic and cultivar changes on winter wheat phenology in central Lithuania.

It is essential to understand how climate change and varieties affect crop phenology and yields to adapt to future climate change. The aim of this study was to analyse the phenological development trends of three winter wheat cultivars (1990-2020) to identify the most critical meteorological-climatic factors influencing the development and yield of the cultivars and to investigate the heat requirements for each phenological phase to reveal the potential of the different cultivars to adapt to the warming climate. The observed dates of green-up, the beginning of stem elongation, and the grain development advanced significantly, but the timing of maturity changed insignificantly during the period of 1990-2020. The most marked change was related to the shortening of the period from sowing to green-up. The green-up dates were related to the mean temperature of the period after sowing. The occurrence of stem elongation and grain development dates were negatively correlated with the mean temperature in May. Significant correlations were found between temperature and duration from sowing to green-up and positive from stem elongation to grain development. The change of cultivar led to earlier green-up and grain development dates, but cultivar choise had no influence on sowing, stem elongation, and maturity dates from 1990 to 2020. The newer cultivar Skagen was more successful in exploiting increased thermal resources. The heat requirements remained almost unchanged during the vegetative development period, while the heat amount required during the reproductive period increased by about 15%. These findings demonstrate that the choice of crop cultivars with higher thermal requirements may be an appropriate adaptation mean to achieve higher yields in response to climate change, at least in the middlelatitudes.

Impact of sowing dates on the yield efficiency of upland rice cultivars

The choice of cultivars adapted to different regions and the determination of the best sowing dates are indispensable tools for crop development. This allows the installation of the crop in times favorable to its development, as well as cultivars that manage to reach their maximum yield potential. The objective of this study was to determine the best sowing dates and the cultivars that can adapt to the low-altitude Cerrado region and have the best development and yield efficiency. The experiment was conducted on a typical clayey dystrophic Red Latosol soil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, comprised by four sowing dates during the spring/summer season (October, November, December, and February) and in each sowing date there were eight upland rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 6005, ANa 5015, IPR 117, IAC 203, IAC 500, ANa 7211 and BRSGO Serra Dourada) with four replicates. Sowing in October and November benefited the aerial dry mass and the spikelets fertility however, sowing in November provided higher plant height, which caused lodging in plants. Sowing in December caused the incidence of scald, mainly affecting the cultivar ANa 7211. For all cultivars, sowing in October favored the yield efficiency of upland rice in the low-altitude Cerrado, followed by sowing in November. The cultivars which demonstrated higher yield efficiency in the conditions of the region were BRS Esmeralda and ANa 5015.

Field and Landscape Risk Factors Impacting Flavescence Dorée Infection: Insights from Spatial Bayesian Modeling in the Bordeaux Vineyards.

Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease threatening European vineyards. Its management is based on mandatory insecticide treatments and the uprooting of infected plants identified during annual surveys. Field surveys are currently not optimized because the drivers affecting FD spread in vineyard landscapes remain poorly understood. We collated a georeferenced dataset of FD detection, collected from 34,581 vineyard plots over 5 years in the South West France wine region. Spatial models fitted with integrated nested Laplace approximation were used to identify local and landscape factors affecting FD detection and infection. Our analysis highlights the importance of sampling period on FD detection and of local practices and landscape context on FD infection. At field scale, altitude and cultivar choice were the main factors affecting FD infection. In particular, the odds ratio of FD infection in fields planted with the susceptible Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, or Muscadelle varieties were approximately twice those in fields planted with the less susceptible Merlot. Field infection was also affected by the field's immediate surroundings (within a circle with a radius of 150 to 200 m), corresponding to landscapes of 7 to 12 ha. In particular, the probability of FD infection increased with the proportions of forest and urban land and with the proportion of susceptible cultivars, demonstrating that the cultivar composition impacts FD epidemiology at landscape scale. The satisfactory predictive performance of the model for identifying districts with a prevalence of FD detection >10% of the fields suggests that it could be used to target areas in which future surveys would be most valuable.

Analysis of the Nutritional Composition and Drought Tolerance Traits of Sweet Potato: Selection Criteria for Breeding Lines.

Sweet potato is an important world staple with the potential to address hunger and malnutrition. The Agricultural Research Council of South Africa has led sweet potato breeding efforts in the country since 1952 and released several important cultivars. More detailed quality assessments are necessary in addition to general breeding criteria. The present study investigated sweet potato cultivars and elite clones for (1) their nutritional composition; (2) biochemical reaction to drought stress; (3) correlate biochemical reaction to root yield for possible identification of screening methods for drought tolerance in sweet potato. Orange-fleshed cultivars, in particular Bophelo, had superior contents of Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Mn, and dietary fiber. Cream-fleshed cultivars, particularly Ndou, were higher in starch and carbohydrate. When sweet potato cultivars were subjected to drought stress, significant changes were noted in most antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll and proline concentrations, and 13C discrimination. All of these showed significant correlations with root yield. For screening of drought tolerance, the determination of nitrate reductase, proline, and chlorophyll concentrations at 60 days after planting are recommended. Ndou was less affected by drought stress. Bophelo and Ndou, which are gaining popularity on the informal market, have superior nutritional value and are good cultivar choices for food security and addressing malnutrition.

Registration of ‘S16‐14801C’: A high‐yielding determinate maturity group V soybean cultivar with multiple disease resistance, salt tolerance, and broad adaptation

AbstractThe demand for non–genetically modified soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars has steadily increased in the last decade due to changes in consumers’ preferences and the growth of specialty niche markets. To meet this growing demand, the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center soybean breeding program has developed and released ‘S16‐14801C’ (Reg. no. CV‐553, PI 699901). It is a high‐yielding determinate maturity group 5 early (relative maturity 5.0) conventional soybean cultivar with resistance to multiple diseases, including soybean cyst nematode races 2 (HG type 1.2.5.7) and 5 (HG Type 2.5.7), southern root‐knot nematode, reniform nematode, stem canker, and salt tolerance. S16‐14801C was tested in a total of 111 environments across 12 states from 2017 to 2021, outyielding the commercial checks (on average) of similar maturity in 75 environments. Given its high‐yielding performance, multiple disease resistance package, and wide adaptability, S16‐14801C represents a good cultivar choice for soybean growers across the U.S. southern states, especially for crop systems targeting premium contracts associated with specialty markets.

Sustainable Management of Diseases in Horticulture: Conventional and New Options

To reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment, there are relevant efforts to enhance the possibility of controlling plant diseases using environmentally friendly biocontrol agents or natural products that show pathogen control capacity. The European Union, FAO, and the United Nations largely promote and finance projects and programs in order to introduce crop protection principles that can attain sustainable agriculture. Preventive measures related to the choice of cultivars, soil fertility, integrated pest management (IPM), and organic farming strategies are still the basis for obtaining satisfactory crop yields and reducing classical pesticide utilisation through the application of commercially available and ecofriendly control agents. Effective pathogen detection at borders to avoid quarantine pathogens is mandatory to reduce the risk of future epidemics. New technical support for the development of sustainable pathogen control is currently being provided by forecasting models, precision farming, nanotechnology, and endotherapy. New biocontrol agents and natural products, disease management through plant nutrition, systemic resistance inducers, and gene-silencing technology will provide solutions for obtaining satisfactory disease control in horticulture. The “multi-stakeholder partnership” strategy can promote the implementation of sustainable crop protection.

Registration of ‘S16‐3747GT’: A high‐yielding determinate maturity group V soybean cultivar with broad biotic and abiotic stressors tolerance

AbstractGiven the magnitude of production losses caused by biotic and abiotic stressors in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], breeding programs have devoted great efforts to developing high‐yielding soybean cultivars with enhanced genetic resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stressors. In this context, the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center developed and released the soybean cultivar ‘S16‐3747GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐552, PI 700001). It is a determinate maturity group 5 early (relative maturity 5.0) Roundup Ready 2 (glyphosate‐tolerant) soybean that combines high‐yielding potential with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, southern root‐knot nematode, stem canker, and Phytophthora root rot and with tolerance to salt stress. S16‐3747GT was evaluated in 155 environments across 13 states from 2017 to 2020 and yielded numerically and/or significantly higher than the commercial checks’ average in 9 of 13 states in the southern United States. The broad adaptability and competitiveness across multiple states combined with resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors make S16‐3747GT a compelling cultivar choice for growers in this region as well as an option for public and private soybean breeding programs to incorporate this genetic background into their breeding pipeline.

Genetic structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations from sunflower and cabbage in West Azarbaijan province of Iran

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens infecting a wide array of plant species worldwide. Management of this pathogen relies on the coordinated use of fungicides and resistant host cultivars with other control measures, but the effectiveness of these methods requires knowledge of the genetic variability and structure of the fungal populations. To provide insight into the genetic diversity and structure of this pathogen in West Azarbaijan province of Iran, a total of 136 isolates were collected from symptomatic sunflower and cabbage plants within fields in three regions and analysed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rRNA gene sequences. A total of 83 ISSR multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, some of which were shared among at least two regional or host populations but in a low frequency. High genotypic diversity, low levels of clonal fraction, and random association of ISSR loci in a region indicated a low level of clonal reproduction, and possibly a high level of sexually recombining life cycle for the pathogen in the province. Marker analyses revealed that the pathogen was spatially homogeneous among fields, and thus similar control measures, such as the choice of resistant cultivars and fungicides, may effectively manage S. sclerotiorum within the region. Four IGS haplotypes (IGS1–IGS4) were detected within populations with IGS3 being the most prevalent haplotype. The low IGS haplotype diversity, the absence of spatial structure, and shared MLGs among populations may suggest a single introduction and subsequent dispersal of S. sclerotiorum within West Azarbaijan province.

Copper Tolerance in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in South Carolina Peach Orchards.

Bacterial spot of peach, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, causes yield loss every year in southeastern U.S. peach orchards. Management is mainly driven by season-long applications of copper-based products, site location, and choice of cultivar. Although tolerance to copper has not been reported in X. arboricola pv. pruni in the United States, adaptation of populations from frequent use is a concern. We collected X. arboricola pv. pruni from shoot cankers, leaves, and fruit of cultivar O'Henry over 2 years from three conventional farms and one organic farm in South Carolina, one orchard per farm. The four farms had been using copper extensively for years to control bacterial spot. X. arboricola pv. pruni was isolated from four canker types (bud canker, tip canker, nonconcentric canker, and concentric canker) in early spring (bud break), as well as from leaf and fruit tissues later in the season at the phenological stages of pit hardening and final swell. X. arboricola pv. pruni was most frequently isolated from cankers of the organic farm (24% of the cankers) and most isolates (45%) came from bud cankers. X. arboricola pv. pruni isolates were assessed for sensitivity to copper using minimal glucose yeast agar and nutrient agar amended with 38 μg/ml or 51 μg/ml of Cu2+. Two phenotypes of copper tolerance in X. arboricola pv. pruni were discovered: low copper tolerance (LCT; growth up to 38 μg/ml Cu2+) and high copper tolerance (HCT; growth up to 51 μg/ml Cu2+). A total of 26 (23 LCT and 3 HCT) out of 165 isolates in 2018 and 32 (20 LCT and 12 HCT) out of 133 isolates in 2019 were tolerant to copper. Peach leaves on potted trees were sprayed with copper rates typically applied at the stages of delayed dormancy (high rate; 2,397 μg/ml Cu2+), shuck split (medium rate; 599 μg/ml Cu2+), and during summer cover sprays (low rate; 120 μg/ml Cu2+), and subsequently inoculated with sensitive, LCT, and HCT strains. Results indicated that the low and medium rates of copper reduced bacterial spot incidence caused by the sensitive strain but not by the LCT and HCT strains. This study confirms existence of X. arboricola pv. pruni tolerance to copper in commercial peach orchards in the southeastern United States, and suggests its contribution to bacterial spot development under current management practices.

Bioactive Properties, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Profile of Sauerkraut Are Dependent on Cultivar Choice and Storage Conditions.

Sauerkraut is produced by cabbage fermentation either spontaneously or by adding lactic acid bacteria. Although commercial cabbage cultivars are more desirable due to their higher yield and uniformity, traditional cultivars are highly prized for their unique sensory characteristics and suitability for fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of sauerkrauts from traditional cabbage cultivars (‘Brgujski’ and ‘Žminjski’) compared to commercial samples, and to unravel the effects of ambient (18 °C) and cold storage (4 °C) on sauerkraut properties. Higher total phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacities measured by both FRAP and DPPH methods were observed for sauerkrauts from traditional cultivars. In total, 32 volatile compounds were identified, and differences in the volatile profile were observed among the investigated sauerkrauts. The sensory properties of traditional cabbage cultivars were on par, or even better, compared to those of commercially available sauerkraut products. The cold storage conditions characteristic of commercial environments preserved the total antioxidant capacity, the red to green color ratio (a), as well as the lightness (L) of sauerkraut compared to the ambient temperatures characteristic of domestic conditions, indicating the preservation of bioactive compounds responsible for the purple cabbage head coloration of the investigated traditional cultivars.

Nutrient Accumulation Pattern in Mixtures of Wheat and Faba Bean Is Strongly Influenced by Cultivar Choice and Co-Existing Weeds.

Simple SummaryGrowing a mixture of two or more crop species, particularly cereals and legumes, can enhance resource use efficiency for growth-limiting resources, such as nutrients. We evaluated the patterns of nutrient accumulation efficiency in different cultivars of faba bean and wheat grown in mixtures with and without the presence of weeds in a growth container experiment. The cultivar used in the mixture determined the amount of nitrogen accumulated by the legumes, but cereals generally accumulated more nitrogen in the mixtures than when grown as sole crops. Competition from weeds resulted in lower nitrogen accumulation in the crop plants, and plant neighbor identity affected the accumulation of other nutrients relative to the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plants. Cultivar choice is therefore important for resource limitation and thereby the growth performance of plants grown in mixtures.Cereal–legume mixtures are often associated with higher yields than the components grown as sole crops, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The study aims to evaluate how different cultivars in a two-species wheat–faba bean mixture influence above- and below-ground nitrogen (N) accumulation in the plant biomass, whether crop mixing affected the accumulation of other nutrients relative to the accumulation of N and phosphorus (P), and how the nutrient accumulation pattern in sole crops and mixtures is influenced by weed competition. Using a growth container experiment, we investigate nutrient accumulation patterns on specific wheat and faba bean cultivars grown as sole crops and mixtures, and with and without weed competition. We found that cereals in the mixture accumulated more N than in the sole crops, and the cultivar used influenced biomass accumulation in the legumes. Competition from weeds reduced the amount of plant N pools accumulated in the crop plant biomass. Based on stoichiometric scaling exponents, the plant neighbor affected the accumulation of other nutrients relative to the accumulation of N and P. These results are relevant for species and cultivar selection, all of which are important prerequisites for maximizing mixture performance.

‘ShowMeSoy 4301’: High‐yielding soybean with multiple disease resistance and elevated seed oil content

Abstract‘ShowMeSoy 4301’ (Reg. no. CV‐544, PI 699899) is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) early maturity group IV soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar released by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center soybean breeding program in 2019. It originated from the cross ‘S08‐17361’ × ‘S05‐11482’′ designed to develop new high‐yielding germplasm with multiple disease resistance and desirable seed composition. ShowMeSoy 4301 is resistant to charcoal rot, frogeye leaf spot, stem canker, sudden death syndrome, southern root‐knot nematode, and reniform nematode, moderately resistant to soybean cyst nematode races 1 (HG Type 2.5.7) and 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7), and tolerant to salt stress. Seeds of ShowMeSoy 4301 have 234.9 g kg–1 of oil, 402.4 g kg–1 of protein, and 478.4 g kg–1 of meal protein content on a dry weight basis, making it a high oil cultivar based on the industry's standards. ShowMeSoy 4301 was tested from 2014 to 2019 in a total of 150 geographically diverse environments across 13 states including Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. It demonstrated high‐yielding potential and broad adaptability across multiple states. The combination of these traits with a comprehensive disease package and desirable seed composition makes it a good cultivar choice for growers in the mid‐southern United States.

Registration of ‘S16‐15170C’ soybean: A high‐yielding indeterminate maturity group V cultivar with wide adaptability and multiple disease resistance

AbstractWith the rise of novel specialty markets and changes in consumers’ preferences, the demand for high‐yielding, non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars has been steadily increasing over the last decade. Interest from growers in non‐GM soybean cultivars has also increased because they may benefit from premium prices, reduced seed costs, and flexible farming systems. To meet this growing demand, the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center soybean breeding team has developed and released ‘S16‐15170C’ (Reg. no. CV‐550, PI 699900), a high‐yielding conventional soybean cultivar with multiple disease resistance and broad adaptation to the Southern states. S16‐15170C has an indeterminate growth habit and white flowers, gray pubescence, and tan pod wall color. This soybean cultivar has been extensively tested across 12 states from 2017 to 2020 and has outyielded commercial checks in 48 out of 78 environments, with the average yield being 102.7% of checks overall. S16‐15170C is resistant to soybean cyst nematode, stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, sudden death syndrome, brown stem rot, and phytophthora root rot. The combination of high yielding potential, broad adaptability, and multiple disease resistance in a non‐GM genetic background makes S16‐15170C a suitable soybean cultivar choice for growers adopting an alternative farming system and maximizing potential returns during the season.