Chloride Ion Selective Electrode Research Articles

Estimation of chloride in oxidizing media by means of ion-selective electrodes

Chloride concentrations down to the ppm level in a large excess of chlorate or perchlorate can be quantitatively estimated by use of chloride ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Similarly traces of chloride in chromic acid solutions can be estimated with a heterogeneous silicone-rubber based chloride ISE. However, homogeneous chloride ISEs pose a problem for practical applications, because their response in chromic acid solutions changes with time owing to chemical attack on the membrane surface. In permanganate solutions, both homogeneous and heterogeneous type electrodes can be used for monitoring chloride ions. The Orion electrode, however, was found to show a slightly super-Nernstian response in such solutions. The presence of 10 −3 M iron(III) had no adverse effect on the performance of these electrodes in permanganate solutions.

Use of an Ion-selective Electrode as a Detector in Ion Pair Chromatography

Abstract A chloride ion-selective electrode was used as a detector for inorganic anions separated by ion pair chromatography. Excellent performance of the electrode detector was demonstrated by detection of chloride, iodide, and thiocyanate.

Successive analysis of chloride ion and hypochlorous acid by direct potentiometry with chloride ion-selective electrode

Successive analysis of chloride ion and hypochlorous acid by direct potentiometry with chloride ion-selective electrode

Effect of temperature on response of the sweat chloride ion-selective electrode.

Journal Article Effect of temperature on response of the sweat chloride ion-selective electrode. Get access R G Benson, R G Benson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D M Isherwood, D M Isherwood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F A McEvoy, F A McEvoy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Wood A Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 28, Issue 12, 1 December 1982, Pages 2447–2448, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/28.12.2447 Published: 01 December 1982

Potentiometric Determination of Organohalides in Natural Water Using Tenax Adsorption and Combustion

Abstract The method described in this paper involves adsorption of organohalides from natural water samples on porous polymer Tenax GC followed by thermal desorption at 400°C and oxidative combustion to hydrogen halides. The halides are captured in water solution containing formaldehyde and sulfamic acid and measured either by direct potentiometry with high sensitive chloride ion selective electrode or by potentiometric titration with Hg2+ titrant solution. The efficiencies of the adsorption, combustion and detection as well as elimination of interferences are presented. Analysis time after adsorption is rapid (2 min) and procedures are simple, making the technique suitable for routine application.

A study of the stability of alkaline-earth metal complexes with fluoride and chloride ions at various temperatures by potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes

The complexes of the alkaline earth metals with fluoride and chloride were studied over the temperature range 15–85°. The stability constants of the MX + complexes were determined by potentiometry with fluoride and chloride ion-selective electrodes and the appropriate thermodynamic functions (Δ H 0 298, Δ S 0 298 and Δ G 0 298) were calculated.

Determination of chloride ions in concentrated sulphuric acid with a chloride ion-selective electrode

Determination of chloride ions in concentrated sulphuric acid with a chloride ion-selective electrode

Selectivity parameters of homogeneous solid-state chloride ion-selective electrodes and the surface morphology of silver chloride-silver sulphide discs under simulated interference conditions

Selectivity coefficients for bromide, hydroxide, iodide and thiocyanate for Orion 94–17A chloride ion-selective electrodes have been measured using separate and mixed solution methods. Except for iodide runs in mixed solutions both procedures gave kPot.Cl,B values reasonably close to predictions based on the solubility product ratios of the corresponding silver salts. The surfaces of silver chloride-silver sulphide discs, pressed in the manner of commercial sensor material, have been exposed to bromide and examined using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Contamination of Electronic Equipment after an Extended Urban Exposure

Water soluble contaminants on electromechanical telephone switching equipment exposed for up to 40 years to the New York City environment have been chemically analyzed by a combination of methods, and their moisture pickup characteristics have been monitored by instrumental gravimetric techniques. Samples were collected from structural surfaces by extraction with filter paper squares moistened with distilled water. Elements with atomic numbers greater than 11 were identified by energy dispersive x‐ray analysis. Selected anions were identified by microchemical tests and infrared spectroscopy. Nitrate and sulfate concentrations of 46 samples from one location were measured using nitrate and lead ion selective electrodes (the latter for titration of sulfate). Several hundred samples from this and four other locations were analyzed using a chloride ion selective electrode. On zinc surfaces, chloride concentrations averaged 27 μg/cm2 for typical locations, while sulfate and nitrate concentrations averaged 48 and 6 μg/cm2, respectively. On aluminum surfaces, chloride concentrations averaged <2 μg/cm2, while sulfate and nitrate concentrations averaged 25 and 3 μg/cm2, respectively. Moisture pickup by contaminants on zinc and aluminum surfaces was found to occur above 26 and 46% RH, respectively.

Ion Selective Electrode for Determination of Chloride Ion in Biological Materials, Food Products, Soils, and Waste Water

The chloride ion selective electrode is used for a rapid, simple, and reliable determination of chloride ion in biological materials (blood serum, urine, fish, and plant tissues), food products (milk, beef extract, nutrient broth and orange, tomato, and grapefruit juices), soils, and waste water (industrial and municipal). The method consists of treating the samples with perchloric acid (pH 1) and potassium peroxydisulfate and determining the chloride content either by a calibration curve or by known addition or analyte addition, using the chloride ion selective electrode. Such sample treatment eliminates most of the interferences occurring in the samples, including iodide, complexing and reducing compounds, and macromolecular and surface-active species. The method is suitable for a wide range of chloride concentration, e.g., 5010 ppm Cl- in nutrient broth and 4890 ppm in beef extract and as low as 12 and 80 ppm in soil extracts.

Application of a chloride ion-selective electrode as a detector in gel chromatography

Sodium salts of some anions were eluted with sodium chloride solution on a Sephadex G-15 column ad the elution curve of chloride ions added as a background electrolyte was recorded automatically with a chloride ion-selective electrode. rom the resulting elution curve, the elution volume and the amount of each anion in the sample could be determined.

Sweat testing for cystic fibrosis. Diagnostic screening with a combination chloride ion-selective electrode.

Screening of sweat chloride in newborn infants with the Orion Skin Chloride Measuring System and incorporating some procedural innovations is described. The results indicate that while diagnostic screening for cystic fibrosis can be readily undertaken, the test with the chloride ion-selective electrode is best left at least to the second day of life or later because of insufficient sweating in very young babies. Measurements on 2 babies with cystic fibrosis are also discussed.

Sweat testing for cystic fibrosis: Errors associated with the in-situ sweat test using chloride ion selective electrodes

The in-situ sweat test is prone to errors from various sources. This paper examines errors due to evaporation, absorption of water into the skin, and pressure of the electrode on the skin. Only evaporation caused serious errors. The accuracy and precision when measuring small chloride/sweat samples on the skin are not significantly worse than when measuring bulk solutions.

Sweat testing for cystic fibrosis: Characteristics of a combination chloride ion-selective electrode

Filling solution leakage, reproducibility, stability, interferences and temperature effects have been studied in relation to the use of the Orion 96-17-01 combination chloride ion-selective electrode in sweat testing for cystic fibrosis. While stability and reproducibility is good, certain antiseptic systems and especially Hibitaine (chlorhexidine gluconate) interfere with the electrode and therefore need to be absent during sweat testing. Temperature conditions during calibration and sweat testing need to be controlled in view of the extent of response variations for even modest temperature differences between sensor-skin interface and electrode stem.

Student preparation and analysis of chloride and calcium ion selective electrodes. A multipurpose experiment

Student preparation and analysis of chloride and calcium ion selective electrodes. A multipurpose experiment

Chloride ion-selective electrode based on HgS/Hg2Cl2

An inexpensive solid state chloride ion-selective electrode is described and evaluated. The electrode consists of a solid state pellet formed from a mixture of HgS and Hg2Cl2 by pressure at elevated temperature and sealed into a heat shrinkable plastic tube with metallic mercury contacts. The electrode showed overall better performance characteristics than the electrodes based on AgCl precipitate which were commercially available, or constructed in the laboratory. The electrode exhibited the response down to 5×10−7M Cl− and the response time was significantly improved. Detailed information concerning its construction and evaluation is given. The electrode was applied as an indicator electrode in a variety of precipitation titrations.

Chloride ion-selective electrode based on HgS/Hg 2Cl 2

Summary An inexpensive solid state chloride ion-selective electrode is described and evaluated. The electrode consists of a solid state pellet formed from a mixture of HgS and Hg2Cl2 by pressure at elevated temperature and sealed into a heat shrinkable plastic tube with metallic mercury contacts. The electrode showed overall better performance characteristics than the electrodes based on AgCl precipitate which were commercially available, or constructed in the laboratory. The electrode exhibited the response down to 5×10−7M Cl− and the response time was significantly improved. Detailed information concerning its construction and evaluation is given. The electrode was applied as an indicator electrode in a variety of precipitation titrations.

Microdetermination of hydroxyl groups in polymers using phosgene

The phosgene method for the determination of terminal hydroxyl groups in polymers has been applied on the microscale. Its lower practical limit is 0.01 mmol of alcoholic hydroxyl. The reaction time, and the amount of solvent and phosgene have been reduced. The hydrolysis of the chloroformate formed by reaction with phosgene has been simplified: Reaction withm-chloroaniline yieldsm-chloroaniline hydrochloride, which is titrated with standard silver nitrate using a chloride-ion selective electrode.

System for continuously monitoring hydrogen chloride concentrations in gaseous mixtures using a chloride ion-selective electrode

System for continuously monitoring hydrogen chloride concentrations in gaseous mixtures using a chloride ion-selective electrode