Chinese University Of Hong Kong Research Articles

Preface

The International Conference on Algorithms, Network and Computer Technology (ICANCT) is an annually held conference, it aims to provide an ideal platform for bringing together researchers, practitioners, scholars, professors and engineers from all around the world to exchange the newest research results and stimulate the scientific innovations. The 2nd International Conference on Algorithms, Network and Computer Technology (ICANCT 2023) was held online on December 22th, 2023.The conference program mainly consisted of keynote speeches, oral presentations and E-poster presentations. ICANCT 2023 has 5 distinguished keynote speakers including: Prof. Witold Pedrycz from University of Alberta, Canada; Prof. Shunli Wang from Southwest University of Science and Technology, China; Prof. Anand Nayyar from Duy Tan University, Vietnam; Prof. Sudan Jha from Kathmandu University, Nepal and Prof. YAM Sheung Chi Phillip from The Chinese University of HongKong, China. They have given keynote speeches on related topics of Algorithms, Network and Computer Technology.All accepted papers in the proceedings went through a 3-stage double-blind peer-review process: first round of review for the full paper, second round of review of the revised paper, final decision on the paper. Offering a current overview of the latest research and applications in Algorithms, Network and Computer Technology, this book will be of interest to all those working in the field.On behalf of the Organizing committee, we would like to give sincere gratitude to all the keynote speakers, peer reviewers, authors and everyone who contributed to ICANCT 2023. We owe gratitude to all the committee members for providing necessary help and support throughout the conference. At last, we acknowledge the publication support of Journal of Physics: Conference Series.List of Committee Members are available in this Pdf.

CONNECTING COMMUNITIES: ROLES OF AGING ATTITUDES, PLACE ATTACHMENT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Abstract As the global population ages, communities must find innovative ways to support older adults. This symposium focuses on the intersections of aging, community, and culture, particularly emphasizing the importance of place attachment, aging attitudes, psychological well-being, and engagement in promoting healthy aging. Leading experts from social gerontology, psychology, and public health across the globe will explore the complex relationships between aging, community, and culture. Drs. HM Chen from Texas A&M University–Central Texas (TAMCT) and Hou from the University of Central Florida (UCF) from the United States will start the symposium with a systematic literature review on culture and aging in the community among Chinese older adults. Drs. JJ Chen and Liu from the National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU) will examine the mediating effect of psychological place attachment, how older adults perceive their living environments, and (positive versus negative) attitudes towards aging and psychological well-being. Dr. Hou from UCF will further assess aging attitudes (engagement versus enjoyment) among older adults participating in neighborhood lunch versus lifelong learning programs to discuss the implications of tailored aging service development. Finally, Drs. Lin and Fung from The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) will discuss the association between activity diversity and psychological well-being among community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Through interdisciplinary dialogue and sharing of lessons learned, this global symposium promotes a deeper understanding of the roles of aging attitudes, place attachment, culture, and psychological well-being among older adults to foster innovative approaches to promoting healthy aging and community engagement. This is an Aging Among Asians Interest Group Sponsored Symposium. This is a collaborative symposium between the Aging Among Asians and International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Groups.

Preliminary Findings of the Needs Perceived and Expectations of Users of an Independent Learning Centre Survey in Hong Kong: What do They Tell Us?

The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) has a long history in the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). Being unique in many ways, both within the university and in Hong Kong as an independent support unit on campus, we support all students, namely undergrads and postgrads, in their academic pursuit, career preparation, as well as whole-person and global awareness development through non-formal education. In other words, the ILC does not touch students’ grade point average (GPA) directly, but has an undeniable and direct impact on CUHK students’ learning experiences and well-being by complementing their formal education and supporting their language and communication skills both in English and Chinese in the context of Hong Kong. We offer both academic and work-related workshops (2 hours long), conduct individual and group consultations, and we develop online learning resources on our own or in collaboration with colleagues from other units such as the University Library, and the Office of Student Affairs to address students’ diverse learning needs. Evaluation of our services and resources is conducted after every student encounter face-to-face, and through the online means. In general, students are very satisfied with what we have been offering, and think our Centre is an important piece of puzzle in their learning jigsaw. But despite this, no formal survey on students’ views about independent learning has been conducted since our inception. The ILC, therefore, conducted our very first survey in 2022 among all students in the CUHK on their perception of the learning needs, and their expectations of independent learning support that the university should provide in face of the challenges, both local and global, ahead of them. Our paper will present both our quantitative and qualitative survey results, students’ comments, as well as the implications for a centre like ours, and other similar centres in the region and across the world.

Inorganic Chemistry in Hong Kong

AbstractInorganic chemistry research has developed impressively in Hong Kong, attaining worldwide recognition. This Guest Editorial introduces the research showcased in the Institute Feature “Universities in Hong Kong”, which is conducted in seven universities: City University of Hong Kong (CityU), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU).

Improving e-Learning Videos by Adding Sign Language Interpretation and Subtitles

As a professional academic supporting unit of the University, The Independent Learning Centre (ILC) at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has decided to provide additional support by adding sign language interpretation versions and subtitles to the existing self-learning videos. Such a project is pioneering in Hong Kong in addressing the needs of Special Education Needs (SEN) students. The project aims to benefit students with different levels of hearing impairment or other SEN as well as general students. While the revised videos will allow and encourage a wide range of students with different levels of learning difficulties to foster their independent learning skills, the added subtitles (Cantonese, Mandarin or English) can aid learning in terms of retention, comprehension, accuracy and engagement. Such benefit means general students are also expected to have their learning effectiveness increased by viewing these inclusive design videos. The whole project selected 98 videos from different self-designed online platforms, which would be over 10 hours in total. Once ready, the videos will be incorporated into the redesigned online platform and revised micro-modules accordingly. This paper aims to offer a first-handed and thorough perspective on the whole project in order to share the experience of supporting SEN and general students by making eLearning more accessible. When we are carrying out the project, we hope we can further benefit academia by sharing our successful experience. We believe the aims of the project can be further extended by sharing our experience with our academic peers, that is, our partners.

Enhancing Academic Integrity in Academic Libraries: The Experience in Hong Kong and Ukraine

This study explores the role of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Library and the Scientific Library of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (KNUCA) in Ukraine in enhancing academic integrity in the university community. It compares the methods of academic integrity training offered by the libraries of the two universities using a three-step approach: a summary of university codes and regulations on academic integrity, a description of the VeriGuide plagiarism detection software developed by the Faculty of Engineering at CUHK, and a review of training and seminars conducted by both libraries. The authors discuss two websites, CUHK's Honesty in Learning: A Guide for Students and Teachers and KNUCA's Researchers.

Attitude towards Euthanasia among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hong Kong.

Background: With an increasing aging population and heavy medical burden, euthanasia has become a controversial topic in Hong Kong (HK) in recent years. Medical students are future medical professionals who may face novel and evolving ethical dilemmas. Hence, their views on euthanasia are crucial. Objective: To examine the attitudes of medical students towards euthanasia in HK and identify the factors associated with their attitude towards euthanasia. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among medical students in HK was conducted. The online anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all six years of students studying medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and the University of Hong Kong (HKU), who provide medical training in HK. Attitude towards Euthanasia (ATE), measured using a five-point Likert Scale, was used to assess medical students’ attitudes towards euthanasia. Results: overall, 228 valid responses were received in 2021. The mean score of ATE was 29 (SD10.9), in which 134 (58.8%) of respondents showed a negative attitude towards euthanasia. Negative association was found between Christian (p-value = 0.003) and Catholic (p-value = 0.032) and the ATE score. Meanwhile, positive association was found between male gender (p-value = 0.011) and witnessed withdrawing of nutritional support from patient(s) (p-value = 0.011) and the ATE score. Conclusions: It is necessary for the government and schools to place more emphasis on euthanasia in the school curriculum by integrating ethical discussions and clinical attachment.

Asymptotic Optimality of Base-Stock Policies for Perishable Inventory Systems

We consider periodic review perishable inventory systems with a fixed product lifetime. Unsatisfied demand can be either lost or backlogged. The objective is to minimize the long-run average holding, penalty, and outdating cost. The optimal policy for these systems is notoriously complex and computationally intractable because of the curse of dimensionality. Hence, various heuristic replenishment policies are proposed in the literature, including the base-stock policy, which raises the total inventory level to a constant in each review period. Whereas various studies show near-optimal numerical performances of base-stock policies in the classic system with zero replenishment lead time and a first-in-first-out issuance policy, the results on their theoretical performances are very limited. In this paper, we first focus on this classic system and show that a simple base-stock policy is asymptotically optimal when any one of the product lifetime, demand population size, unit penalty cost, and unit outdating cost becomes large; moreover, its optimality gap converges to zero exponentially fast in the first two parameters. We then study two important extensions. For a system under a last-in-first-out or even an arbitrary issuance policy, we prove that a simple base-stock policy is asymptotically optimal with large product lifetime, large unit penalty costs, and large unit outdating costs, and for a backlogging system with positive lead times, we prove that our results continue to hold with large product lifetime, large demand population sizes, and large unit outdating costs. Finally, we provide a numerical study to demonstrate the performances of base-stock policies in these systems. This paper was accepted by Victor Martinez de Albéniz, operations management. Funding: J. Bu was partially supported by a Hong Kong Polytechnic University Start-up Fund for New Recruits [Grant P0039585]. X. Gong was partially supported by a Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Direct Grant [Grant 4057147] and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) General Research Fund [Grant CUHK14500120]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4400 .

Creation and Evaluation of a Pretertiary Artificial Intelligence (AI) Curriculum

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Contributions:</i> The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Jockey Club AI for the Future Project (AI4Future) co-created the first pretertiary AI curriculum at the secondary school level for Hong Kong and evaluated its efficacy. This study added to the AI education community by introducing a new AI curriculum framework. The preposttest multifactors evaluation about students’ perceptions of AI learning confirmed that the curriculum is effective in promoting AI learning. The teachers also confirmed the co-creation process enhanced their capacity to implement AI education. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Background:</i> AI4Future is a cross-sector project that engages five major partners—CUHK’s Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Education, secondary schools, Hong Kong government, and AI industry. A team of 14 professors collaborated with 17 principals and teachers from six secondary schools to co-create the curriculum. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Research Questions:</i> Would the curriculum significantly improve the student perceived competence, attitude, and motivation toward AI learning? How does the co-creation process benefit the implementation of the curriculum? <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Methodology:</i> The participants were 335 students and eight teachers from the secondary schools. This study adopted a mix-method with quantitative data measures at pre- and post-questionnaires and qualitative data emphasizes teachers’ perspectives on the co-creation process. Paired <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -tests and ANCOVAs, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Findings:</i> 1) students perceived greater competence and developed a more positive attitude to learn AI and 2) the co-creation process enhanced teachers’ knowledge in AI, as well as fostered teachers’ autonomy in bringing the subject matter into their classrooms.

Efficient Facial Recognition Authentication Using Edge and Density Variant Sketch Generator

Image translation plays a significant role in realistic image synthesis, entertainment tasks such as editing and colorization, and security including personal identification. In Edge GAN, the major contribution is attribute guided vector that enables high visual quality content generation. This research study proposes automatic face image realism from freehand sketches based on Edge GAN. We propose a density variant image synthesis model, allowing the input sketch to encompass face features with minute details. The density level is projected into non-latent space, having a linear controlled function parameter. This assists the user to appropriately devise the variant densities of facial sketches and image synthesis. Composite data set of Large Scale CelebFaces Attributes (ClebA), Labelled Faces in the Wild (LFWH), Chinese University of Hong Kong (CHUK), and self-generated Asian images are used to evaluate the proposed approach. The solution is validated to have the capability for generating realistic face images through quantitative and qualitative results and human evaluation.

HCV elimination in Hong Kong - Non-government organisation (NGO) activities.

World Health Organization (WHO) calls for global hepatitis strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Yet many high-income countries were unable to achieve HCV elimination by 2030. Apart from the tremendous efforts and resources from the governments, many non-government organizations (NGOs) have been working very hard to contribute to HCV elimination. In Hong Kong, the Center for Liver Health of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has been working very closely with various NGOs to educate and screen subjects who previously use intravenous drugs. In this review article, we discussed in details the New Life New Liver Program, and the barriers to HCV elimination, with special highlight the role of NGOs in overcoming the barriers.

Information Literacy Programmes: the Experience of Research Libraries in Hong Kong and Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of information literacy programmes developed by libraries of higher education institutions in Hong Kong and Ukraine. The application of such theoretical and empirical methods as an analysis of sources, the method of external observation over the foreign and Ukrainian experience of the information literacy programmes developing, as well as a prognostic method for summarising, allowed to reveal similarities and differences in the content and forms of information literacy programmes implemented at Hong Kong and Ukrainian universities. Different stages of implementation of information literacy programmes by the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Library during the last two decades are highlighted. The content of information literacy programmes provided by the libraries of 4 Ukrainian universities in general and the scientific library of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (KNUCaA), in particular, is reviewed. It has been found out such similar characteristics of information literacy programmes of libraries that were analysed as using of traditional forms (lectures, practical exercises, instructions, video lessons) to form the skills and abilities for the effective information search, analytical processing, organisation, evaluation, and use of this information. It has been found out that, unlike Hong Kong, the introduction of certified and online information literacy courses by Ukrainian universities libraries is isolated cases. There is also no experience in testing students’ knowledge before studies of information literacy. Testing is usually done after completing the information literacy programmes, but these tests are not mandatory and only recommended. The authors hope that the experience of the CUHK Library (Hong Kong) in the implementation of the “Immersion Programme”, the UGCIL project, and InfoLit for U will be useful for the Ukrainian scientific library community, considering that libraries of higher education institutions in Ukraine have also started to develop similar programmes and modules. In particular, the interactive online guide “Music Documents in the KNUCaA Scientific Library” is an example of a modern approach to the formation of first-year students’ information literacy, their acquaintance with the scientific library, its services, and resources, basic types of documents, an electronic search algorithm.

New Japan’s Corporate Governance Code and its Scrutiny from the Perspective of 'Sustainable Growth of the Company and Improvement of Medium-to Long-Term Corporate Value' (Presentation Slides)

This is the presentation slide on the main points of New Japan's Corporate Governance Code (2021 Revision). It consists of the description on the background, transition, and scrutiny of the Code and scrutiny from the from the Perspective of 'Sustainable Growth of the Company and Improvement of Medium-to Long-Term Corporate Value'. This paper is based on my presentation at the seminar at the CUHK(Chinese University of Hongkong) held on 27th May . In the 2021 Code Revision, various directions were presented to promote sustainability and diversity, and to improve the function of the board of directors. However, from the point of improving the “earning power” that is the driving force for Japanese companies and improving their corporate value over the medium to long term, the Japan’s Corporate Governance Code have not provided enough principles or directions yet and needs support through practice and further review in the future

Increased co-expression of PSMA2 and GLP-1 receptor in cervical cancer models in type 2 diabetes attenuated by Exendin-4: A translational case-control study.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of many types of cancer. Dysregulation of proteasome-related protein degradation leads to tumorigenesis, while Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, possesses anti-cancer effects.MethodsWe explored the co-expression of proteasome alpha 2 subunit (PSMA2) and GLP-1R in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and human cervical cancer specimens, supplemented by in vivo and in vitro studies using multiple cervical cancer cell lines.FindingsPSMA2 expression was increased in 12 cancer types in TCGA database and cervical cancer specimens from patients with T2D (T2D vs non-T2D: 3.22 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.38, 5.05) vs 1.00 (0.66, 1.34) fold change, P = 0.01). psma2-shRNA decreased cell proliferation in vitro, and tumour volume and Ki67 expression in vivo. Exendin-4 decreased psma2 expression, tumour volume and Ki67 expression in vivo. There was no change in GLP-1R expression in 12 cancer types in TCGA database. However, GLP-1R expression (T2D vs non-T2D: 5.49 (3.0, 8.1) vs 1.00 (0.5, 1.5) fold change, P < 0.001) was increased and positively correlated with PSMA2 expression in T2D-related (r = 0.68) but not in non-T2D-related cervical cancer specimens. This correlation was corroborated by in vitro experiments where silencing glp-1r decreased psma2 expression. Exendin-4 attenuated phospho-p65 and -IκB expression in the NF-κB pathway.InterpretationPSMA2 and GLP-1R expression in T2D-related cervical cancer specimens was increased and positively correlated, suggesting hyperglycaemia might promote cancer growth by increasing PSMA2 expression which could be attenuated by Exendin-4.FundingThis project was supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme, Direct Grant, Diabetes Research and Education Fund from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)

T-RexNet-A Hardware-Aware Neural Network for Real-Time Detection of Small Moving Objects.

This paper presents the T-RexNet approach to detect small moving objects in videos by using a deep neural network. T-RexNet combines the advantages of Single-Shot-Detectors with a specific feature-extraction network, thus overcoming the known shortcomings of Single-Shot-Detectors in detecting small objects. The deep convolutional neural network includes two parallel paths: the first path processes both the original picture, in gray-scale format, and differences between consecutive frames; in the second path, differences between a set of three consecutive frames is only handled. As compared with generic object detectors, the method limits the depth of the convolutional network to make it less sensible to high-level features and easier to train on small objects. The simple, Hardware-efficient architecture attains its highest accuracy in the presence of videos with static framing. Deploying our architecture on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano edge-device shows its suitability to embedded systems. To prove the effectiveness and general applicability of the approach, real-world tests assessed the method performances in different scenarios, namely, aerial surveillance with the WPAFB 2009 dataset, civilian surveillance using the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Square dataset, and fast tennis-ball tracking, involving a custom dataset. Experimental results prove that T-RexNet is a valid, general solution to detect small moving objects, which outperforms in this task generic existing object-detection approaches. The method also compares favourably with application-specific approaches in terms of the accuracy vs. speed trade-off.

Recent Progress in the CUHK Dysarthric Speech Recognition System

Despite the rapid progress of automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies in the past few decades, recognition of disordered speech remains a highly challenging task to date. Disordered speech presents a wide spectrum of challenges to current data intensive deep neural networks (DNNs) based ASR technologies that predominantly target normal speech. This paper presents recent research efforts at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) to improve the performance of disordered speech recognition systems on the largest publicly available UASpeech dysarthric speech corpus. A set of novel modelling techniques including neural architectural search, data augmentation using spectra-temporal perturbation, model based speaker adaptation and cross-domain generation of visual features within an audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) system framework were employed to address the above challenges. The combination of these techniques produced the lowest published word error rate (WER) of 25.21% on the UASpeech test set 16 dysarthric speakers, and an overall WER reduction of 5.4% absolute (17.6% relative) over the CUHK 2018 dysarthric speech recognition system featuring a 6-way DNN system combination and cross adaptation of out-of-domain normal speech data trained systems. Bayesian model adaptation further allows rapid adaptation to individual dysarthric speakers to be performed using as little as 3.06 seconds of speech. The efficacy of these techniques were further demonstrated on a CUDYS Cantonese dysarthric speech recognition task.

Proceedings of the 3rd Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Sarcoma Masterclass, September 21, 2019.

Proceedings of the 3rd Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Sarcoma Masterclass, September 21, 2019.

Ten minutes with Dr Hong Fung, CEO, Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical Centre

### Biography Dr Hong FUNG, M.B.,B.S. (HK), MHP (NSW), FRCS (Edin), FHKAM (Surg), FCSHK, FHKAM (Community Medicine), FHKCCM, FFPHM (UK), FRACMA, FAMS, FAMM is the Executive Director and Chief Executive...

Abstract 82: Differences Between Caucasians and Asians in Intracranial Arterial Stenosis Among TIA and Minor Stroke Patients: Comparisons of Two Contemporary Cohorts

Background: Despite numerous reports indicating ethnic difference in intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) between Caucasians and Asians, there has been no direct comparison in disease burden and clinical correlates of ICAS in stroke patients in the two populations with the same criteria to define ICAS. Methods: Acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack patients who received cerebral MR/CT angiography exam in two cohorts were analyzed: Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC, 2011-2018) with predominantly Caucasians, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) stroke registry (2011-2015) with predominantly Chinese. ICAS was defined as ≥50% stenosis in any major intracranial artery in MR/CT angiography. Interobserver agreement between 2 investigators for presence of ICAS was assessed in 50 cases with Cohen’s kappa. We compared the burden and risk factors of ICAS in the two cohorts. Results: Overall, 1,287 patients from OXVASC (mean age 69 years) and 640 from the CUHK cohort (mean age 66 years) were analyzed. Interobserver agreement for presence of ICAS was good (kappa=0.82). Prevalence of ICAS was significantly higher in Chinese than in Caucasians: 43.6% in the CUHK cohort versus 20.0% in OXVASC (crude OR 3.10; age-adjusted OR 3.81, 95% CI 3.06-4.75; p&lt;0.001). Mean ages of patients with ICAS in the two cohorts were 75 and 68 years, respectively. The difference between Caucasians and Chinese in ICAS prevalence was smaller in those aged ≥70 years (28.1% versus 51.9%) than those &lt;70 years (9.8% versus 38.0%) (Figure). ICAS shared similar risk factors in the two cohorts, including older age, and history of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions: Chinese are more susceptible to ICAS, with an earlier onset age than Caucasians, but the ICAS burden in Caucasians was higher than previously estimated, especially in older patients.

Stable Intrinsic Long Range Antiferromagnetic Coupling in Dilutely V Doped Chalcopyrite**Supported by Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) under Grant No. 4053084, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong under Grant No. 24300814, and Start-Up Funding of CUHK.

A stable and long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling without charge carrier mediators has been searched for a long time, but the existence of this kind of coupling is still lacking. Based on first principle calculations, we systematically study carrier free long-range AFM coupling in four transition metal chalcopyrite systems: ABTe2 (A = Cu or Ag, B = Ga or In) in the dilute doping case. The AFM coupling is mainly due to the p–d coupling and electron redistribution along the interacting chains. The relatively small energy difference between p and d orbitals, as well as between dopants and atoms in the middle of the chain can enhance the stability of long-range AFM configurations. A multi-band Hubbard model is proposed to provide fundamental understanding of long-range AFM coupling.